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Background: The fellow eye of a retinal detachment is at risk of developing a retinal detachment and other visually debilitating disease., Aim: To investigate the rate of bilaterality of retinal detachment (RD), the presenting visual acuity (VA), and the presence of ocular morbidity in the fellow eye of patients with RD., Patients and Methods: A multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study examining the fellow eye of consecutive patients who were diagnosed with different types of RD. The patients were seen within one year and examined in four Nigerian eye hospitals and clinics. Demographics, VA, and clinical findings at the presentation were reported on examination of the fellow eyes., Results: Twenty-seven (11.4%) out of 237 patients (264 eyes) had an RD in the fellow eye. The mean age of all study patients was 46.2 ± 16.8 years, M/F: 161 (67.9%)/76 (32.1%). The rates of bilaterality for rhegmatogenous, exudative, and tractional RDs were 4.2%, 11.1%, and 31.1%, respectively. Diagnosis of RD in an eye was associated with a risk of developing fellow eye rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) (P < 0.001) and tractional RD (P < 0.001), respectively. RRD in an eye was associated with a 17% risk of developing RD in the fellow eye (β = -1.6, OR = 0.202, P < 0.001). The BCVA in the fellow eye of the three types of RD varied significantly (P < 0.001). The fellow eye was blind in 25.2% of RRD, 54.1% of tractional retinal detachment (TRD), and 11.1% of exudative retinal detachment (ERD). Bilateral RD eyes were blind in RRD (85.7%), TRD (71.1%), and ERD (50%). One hundred and seven eyes (40.5%) of the total 264 RD eyes studied had other fellow eye events at the presentation., Conclusion: A patient with an RD in one eye is at significant risk of developing a blinding RD in the fellow eye. This risk varies with the type of RD and is highest with TRD. However, RRD, the commonest type of RD, can benefit from prophylactic treatment to the fellow eye RD predisposing lesions., Competing Interests: None

Background: Despite benefits, autopsy rates continue to fall globally. The effects of education, religion, and culture on autopsy rates are well documented., Aim: This study examines the knowledge and attitudes of health personnel, aiming to identify other factors affecting autopsy rates in our environment., Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional non-intervention study using semi-structured questionnaires and Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 21, for data collection and analysis., Results: Seventeen percent, 50%, and 33% of participants had good, fair, and poor knowledge about autopsies, respectively. Poor understanding of the legal framework governing autopsies accounted for significant gaps in knowledge. Knowledge grade differed significantly amongst the different professional groups (χ 2 = 33.14; P value = 0.016). Eighty-two percent had good attitudes toward autopsy, though only 63% indicated approval. About 74% percent indicated willingness to consent to autopsies on relations, while 45.3% indicated willingness to consent to autopsy on self-remains. Autopsy-related work experience correlated strongly with both knowledge (χ 2 = 22.34; P value = 0.004) and attitude (χ 2 = 24.28; P value = 0.004) grades. Multinominal regression analysis showed autopsy-related work experience to be an independent determinant of willingness to consent to autopsy on self (P value = 0.023)., Conclusion: Autopsy rates in Benin city and environs may reflect lack of knowledge or a misunderstanding of the laws guiding autopsy. Autopsy-related work experience is an important factor influencing knowledge and attitude of health personnel in this study. Its effect on autopsy request and acceptance rates should be further evaluated., Competing Interests: None

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and presentation of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in Nigerians., Methods: A cross-sectional, multicenter, hospital-based, descriptive study. Data were collected prospectively between January and December 2018, from consecutive patients diagnosed to have a retina disease at the general outpatient and retinal clinics of four eye departments in Nigeria. All participants had visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, anterior segment examination, and dilated fundus examination. Some patients had fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography (OCTA). Systemic comorbidity was determined by medical history and systemic evaluation. Diagnosis of PCV was based on clinical findings, and in some patients using OCT., Results: A total of 8,614 patients were seen and 15 patients (18 eyes) were diagnosed to have PCV giving a yearly hospital-based prevalence of 0.17%. The mean age at presentation was 63.27 ± 11.5 years (range 44-84 years). There were nine females (60%). The male: female ratio was 1.5:1. Twelve (66.7%) of the 18 eyes were blind, 16.7% had severe visual impairment while 11.1% had mild visual impairment. Seven eyes (38.9%) had vitreous hemorrhage. Of the 12 blind eyes, 50% had vitreous hemorrhage (P = 0.463). Nine patients (60%) had systemic hypertensive as comorbidity (P = 0.016)., Conclusion: PCV is a cause of vision loss among Nigerians. Majority of the eyes were blind and 50% of blind eyes had vitreous hemorrhage. Since Indocyanine Green Angiography is the most appropriate imaging technology and is mostly unavailable in Nigeria, efforts should be made to address this need and improve the diagnostic accuracy., Competing Interests: None

Objective: Microscopic examination of liver tissues remains an essential part in the diagnostic work-up of patients with liver diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the histopathological pattern of liver diseases at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria., Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of all cases of liver biopsies between January 2005 and December 2011. The appropriate data was obtained from the Surgical day book of the department of histopathology. The data was analyzed to reflect age, sex, and pathological diagnosis of the lesions., Results: A total of 80 cases of liver biopsies were reported during the 7-year period. There were 50 males and 30 females with a male:female ratio of 1.7:1. The age ranged from 4 months to 69 years with a mean age of 38.4 ± 13.3 years. The highest incidence was in the 4 th decade. The three common histopathological diagnoses were inflammatory lesions, 63.8%; malignant neoplasms, 22.5%, and liver cirrhosis in 6.3% of cases. Other less common lesions were alcoholic liver disease and steatosis. This peak age incidence of chronic hepatitis precedes that of hepatocellular carcinoma by about two decades., Conclusion: The preponderance of chronic hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver cirrhosis in this study is similar to those already established in the African literature, with hepatitis B and/or C being the most incriminated risk factors due to their endemicity in our environment. Public enlightenment programs, widespread implementation of hepatitis B virus vaccination, and surveillance of individual at-risk are essential for the control of hepatitis infection and its late complications.