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Background: Several manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis are related to the host's immune system and the species of parasite., Objective: There have been some studies on the relationship between vitamin D statuses in infectious diseases including cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent., Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 147 patients with leishmaniasis were recruited and divided into the following categories: acute cutaneous leishmaniasis (<1 year) ( n = 51), chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis (more than 1 year) ( n = 26), and leishmaniasis recidivans (the appearance of new papular lesions around a previous scar) ( n = 20), and a group of participants without leishmaniasis ( n = 50), as a control group. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] level was analyzed., Result: There were significant differences in serum 25(OH) D between the groups with acute or chronic leishmaniasis and those with recidivans leishmaniasis ( P = 0.013 and P = 0.022, respectively). The median serum level of vitamin D in the acute group was 13.7 ng/mL, in the chronic group was 16.05 ng/mL, in the recidivans group was 21.75 ng/mL, and in the control group was 17.97 ng/mL., Conclusion: Higher serum concentrations of 25(OH) vitamin D levels being associated with leishmaniasis recidivans., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Dermatology.)

Background: Systemic oral psoralens plus UVA therapy (PUVA) is a therapeutic method used with considerable success in many different skin disorders. PUVA therapy causes some cutaneous and noncutaneous side effects and in the present research we deal with cutaneous side effects., Aims: Evaluation of patients to know the different skin side effects of PUVA and their importance., Materials and Methods: All patients referred to the phototherapy unit of Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad entered the research and skin examination was taken place initially and every 3 months thereafter. Whenever any side effect appeared, it was recorded in the information sheet., Results: One hundred and twenty-eight patients were included in the research, 61 were male between 15 and 75 years and 67 were female between 10 and 61 years of age. Age of female patients at the time of cutaneous side effect appearance was less than male patients. The most common early side effect was pruritus (34.3%) and the rarest was telangiectasia (0.7%). One case of late side effect in the form of squamous cell carcinoma was observed in a patient who had received other carcinogenic drugs as well. Complications such as skin dryness, pruritus, erythema and burning sensation occurred at low doses of UVA, while dermatitis, severe limb pain and acne at moderate doses and PUVA lentigines, hypertrichosis and lichenoid lesions appeared at high doses of UVA., Conclusion: Considering the significant therapeutic effects and few serious side effects, PUVA therapy is a suitable and safe method for treatment of certain skin diseases.