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16S rRNA sequence types associated with the candidate family env.OPS 17 have been reported from various environments, but no representatives have been characterized and validly named. Bacteria of env.OPS 17 are affiliated with the order Sphingobacteriales and were first detected more than two decades ago in the vicinity of a thermal spring in Yellowstone National Park. Strain Swamp196 T , isolated from the soil surrounding a swamp in Northern Germany, is the first characterized representative of candidate family env.OPS 17. Cells of strain Swamp196 T are rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-capsulated and stain Gram-negative. Colonies are small and orange-coloured. The strain is mesophilic and grows under aerobic or microaerophilic conditions. It grows chemo-organotrophically over a narrow range of pH and exclusively on proteinaceous substrates. The major cellular fatty acids are iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 1  ω 10 c , C 18 : 1  ω 9 c and the major polar lipids are two unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The predominant respiratory quinone is MK-7. The DNA G+C content of genomic DNA is 35.5 mol%. Strain Swamp196 16 : 1  ω 7 c and the major polar lipids are two unidentified aminophospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. The predominant respiratory quinone is MK-7. The DNA G+C content of genomic DNA is 35.5 mol%. Strain Swamp196 T is related to Pedobacter cryophilus AR-3-17 T , Arcticibacter pallidicorallinus with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 84.1, 83.8 and 83.5 %, respectively. Based on our phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis, we propose the novel species T and Pedobacter daechungensis Dae 13 T with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 84.1, 83.8 and 83.5 %, respectively. Based on our phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis, we propose the novel species Aurantibacillus circumpalustris ) of the novel genus T =DSM 105849 T =CECT 30420 T ) of the novel genus Aurantibacillus gen. nov. and the novel family Aurantibacillaceae fam. nov.

Strain 0141_2 T was isolated from a temperate grassland soil in Germany and was found to be affiliated with the order Solirubrobacterales . It is most closely related to Baekduia soli BR7-21 T , with 98.1 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Cells are rod-shaped, non-motile, stain Gram-positive and can have multiple vesicles in the cell surface. Polyhydroxybutyrate is accumulated within the cells. Catalase- and oxidase-positive. It is a mesophilic aerobe and grows best around neutral to slightly acidic pH in R2A medium. The major fatty acids are C 18 : 1  ω 9 c , iso-C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 0 , C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1  ω 7 c and C 17 : 1 ). Meso-diaminopimelic acid is the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The G+C content of genomic DNA is 72.9 mol%. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis, we propose the novel species  ω 8 c . Diphosphatidylglycerol is present. The predominant respiratory quinone is MK-7(H 4 ). Meso-diaminopimelic acid is the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The G+C content of genomic DNA is 72.9 mol%. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis, we propose the novel species Baekduia alba sp. nov. with the type strain 0141_2 T (=DSM 104299 T =LMG 30000 T =CECT 9239 T ).

The order Solirubrobacterales is a deep-branching lineage within the phylum Actinomycetota . Most representatives have been isolated from terrestrial environments. A strain isolated from a grassland soil was found to be affiliated with this order and therefore characterized by a polyphasic approach. Cells of strain 0166_1 T are Gram-positive, short rods, non-motile, non-spore-forming and divide by binary fission. A surface layer with protrusions covers the majority of the cells. Strain 0166_1 T grows optimally around neutral to slightly alkaline pH (pH 7.1-7.9) and at temperatures between 24-36 °C in SSE/HD 1 : 10 medium. It grows optimally with 0-0.5% NaCl (w/v) but can withstand concentrations up to 5 %. The major fatty acids are C 18 : 1  ω9 c , C 16 : 1  ω 7 c , C 17 : 0 cyclo ω 7 c , C 18 : 1  ω7 c methyl and C 19 : 0 cyclo ω 9 c . The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid. MK-7(H4) and MK-7(H2) are the predominant respiratory quinones. meso -2,6-Diaminopimelic acid is the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The G+C content for strain 0166_1 T is 72.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this bacterium was related to Conexibacter arvalis KV-962 T and Conexibacter stalactiti YC2-25 T with 95.5 and 95.2 % sequence similarity, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic data, we propose the novel species Capillimicrobium parvum sp. nov. (type strain 0166_1 T =DSM 104329 T ) of the novel genus T =CECT 9240 T ) of the novel genus Capillimicrobium gen. nov. within the novel family Capillimicrobiaceae fam. nov.

Members of the metabolically diverse order Nitrosomonadales inhabit a wide range of environments. Two strains affiliated with this order were isolated from soils in Germany and characterized by a polyphasic approach. Cells of strains 0125&#95;3 T and Swamp67 T are Gram-negative rods, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-capsulated and divide by binary fission. They tested catalase-negative, but positive for cytochrome c -oxidase. Both strains form small white colonies on agar plates and grow aerobically and chemoorganotrophically on SSE/HD 1 : 10 medium, preferably utilizing organic acids and proteinaceous substrates. Strains 0125&#95;3 T and Swamp67 T are mesophilic and grow optimally without NaCl addition at slightly alkaline conditions. Major fatty acids are C 16 : 1   ω 7 c , C 16 : 0 and C 14 : 0 . The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidyglycerol. The predominant respiratory quinone is Q-8. The G+C content for 0125&#95;3 T and Swamp67 T was 67 and 66.1 %, respectively. The 16S rRNA gene analysis indicated that the closest relatives (<91 % sequence similarity) of strain 0125&#95;3 T were Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196 T , Methyloversatilis universalis FAM5 T and Denitratisoma oestradiolicum AcBE2-1 T , while Nitrosospira multiformis ATCC 25196 T , Nitrosospira tenuis Nv1 T and Nitrosospira lacus APG3 T were closest to strain Swamp67 T . The two novel strains shared 97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with one another and show low average nucleotide identity of their genomes (83.8 %). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis, we propose the two novel species Usitatibacter rugosus sp. nov (type strain 0125&#95;3 T =DSM 104443 T =LMG 29998 T =CECT 9241 T ) and Usitatibacter palustris sp. nov. (type strain Swamp67 T =DSM 104440 T =LMG 29997 T =CECT 9242 T ) of the novel genus Usitatibacter gen. nov., within the novel family Usitatibacteraceae fam. nov.

The family Caulobacteraceae comprises prosthecate bacteria with a dimorphic cell cycle and also non-prosthecate bacteria. Cells of all described species divide by binary fission. Strain 0127&#95;4 T was isolated from forest soil in Baden Württemberg (Germany) and determined to be the first representative of the family Caulobacteraceae which divided by budding. Cells of strain 0127&#95;4 T were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, prosthecate, motile by means of a polar flagellum, non-spore-forming and non-capsulated. The strain formed small white colonies and grew aerobically and chemo-organotrophically utilizing organic acids, amino acids and proteinaceous substrates. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this bacterium was related to Aquidulcibacter paucihalophilus TH1-2 T and Asprobacter aquaticus DRW22-8 T with 91.3 and 89.7% sequence similarity, respectively. Four unidentified glycolipids were detected as the major polar lipids and, unlike all described members of the family Caulobacteraceae , phosphatidylglycerol was absent. The major fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C 18 : 1 ω7 c /C 18 : 1 ω6 c ), summed feature 9 (iso-C 17 : 1 ω9 c /C 16 : 0 10-methyl), C 16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C 16 : 1 ω 6 c /C 16 : 1 ). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.5 %. Based on the present taxonomic characterization, strain 0127&#95;4 ω represents a novel species of a new genus, c gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of T represents a novel species of a new genus, Terricaulis silvestris gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Terricaulis silvestris is 0127&#95;4 T (=DSM 104635 T =CECT 9243 T ).

Two strains of the family Rhodospirillaceae were isolated from the rhizosphere of the medicinal plant Hypericum perforatum . Cells of both strains were Gram-stain-negative, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, non-spore-forming, non-capsulated, short rods that divided by binary fission. Colonies were small and white. Strains R5913 T and R5959 T were oxidase-positive, mesophilic, neutrophilic and grew optimally without NaCl. Both grew under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions and on a limited range of substrates with best results on yeast extract. Major fatty acids were C 19 : 0 cyclo ω 8 c and C 16 : 0 ; in addition, C 18 : 1 ω7 c was also found as a predominant fatty acid in strain R5913 T . The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The DNA G+C contents of strains R5913 T and R5959 T were 66.0 and 67.4 mol%, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the closest relatives (<92 % similarity) of the strains are Oceanibaculum pacificum MCCC 1A02656 T , Dongia mobilis CGMCC 1.7660 T , Dongia soli D78 T and Dongia rigui 04SU4-P T . The two novel strains shared 98.6 % sequence similarity and represent different species on the basis of low average nucleotide identity of their genomes (83.8 %). Based on the combined phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic investigations, the two strains represent two novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodospirillaceae , for which the name Hypericibacter gen. nov. is proposed, comprising the type species Hypericibacter terrae sp. nov. (type strain R5913 T =DSM 109816 T =CECT 9472 T ) and Hypericibacter adhaerens sp. nov. (type strain R5959 T =DSM 109817 T =CECT 9620 T ).

Acidobacteria constitute a globally widespread phylum and mainly inhabit soil environments. Despite their high abundance and activity, only 60 species from seven of the 26 acidobacterial subdivisions (sds; corresponding to class level) are (validly) described. Thus, only a low number of higher taxonomic ranks is currently distinguished within the Acidobacteria. Additionally, the distribution of the known acidobacterial species within the described families of the Acidobacteriaceae (sd1), Bryobacteraceae (sd3), Blastocatellaceae (sd4), Pyrinomonadaceae (sd4), Holophagaceae (sd8) and Acanthopleuribacteraceae (sd8) is extremely biased as most strains are affiliated with the Acidobacteriaceae. Members of this family are characteristic for acidic soils. In contrast, culture-independent analysis of microbial communities worldwide revealed that sd6 Acidobacteria prevail in soils with neutral pH. To improve the existing acidobacterial taxonomy, we here formally describe the first family within sd6 Acidobacteria, the Vicinamibacteraceae. Members of the Vicinamibacteraceae are aerobic, neutrophilic, psychrotolerant to mesophilic chemoheterotrophs. Their cells stain Gram-negative, do not form capsules or spores, and are non-motile. They occur as single cells or in aggregates and divide by binary fission. Growth occurs on sugars or complex proteinaceous compounds. MK-8 is the major quinone. Major fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), C18 : 1ω7c or ω9c, iso-C17 : 1ω9c, C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol are the major polar lipids. Unidentified glycolipids or unknown phospholipids might also be present. The G+C content of the DNA ranges from 64.7 to 65.9 mol%. Within the Vicinamibacteraceae fam. nov., Vicinamibacter and Luteitalea are the only genera described so far.

Members of the class Blastocatellia are frequently found in soils with a neutral and (slightly) basic pH where they constitute an important fraction of the microbial community. A novel representative of the class Blastocatellia was isolated from a Ghanaian soil and was characterized in detail. Cells of strain A24&#95;SHP&#95;-5&#95;238 T were non-motile rods that divided by binary fission and formed orange to salmon-coloured colonies on agar plates. Strain A24&#95;SHP&#95;-5&#95;238 T tolerated pH values of pH 6.0-9.0 (best growth at pH 7.0-8.5) and temperature values of 8-45 °C (best growth at 33-40 °C). It grew chemo-organoheterotrophically on several sugars, a few amino acids, organic acids and different complex protein substrates. In addition, strain A24&#95;SHP&#95;-5&#95;238 T was able to use nitrate as an alternative electron acceptor in the absence of oxygen. Major fatty acids of A24&#95;SHP&#95;-5&#95;238 T were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 1 (C13 : 0 3-OH/iso-C15 : 1 H), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω6c), anteiso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. The major quinone was MK-8, and the DNA G+C content was 53.5 mol%. The closest described phylogenetic relatives were Aridibacter famidurans A22&#95;HD&#95;4H T and Aridibacter kavangonensis Ac&#95;23&#95;E3 T with a 16S rRNA gene sequence identity of 97.6 and 97.2 %, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization values (<28.5 %) confirmed that A24&#95;SHP&#95;-5&#95;238 T represents a novel species within the genus Aridibacter. Based on its morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics, we propose the novel species Aridibacter nitratireducens sp. nov. (type strain A24&#95;SHP&#95;-5&#95;238 T = DSM 102177 T = CECT 9235 T ).

Albeit being widespread and abundant in soils worldwide, bacteria of the phylum Acidobacteria have remained grossly understudied due to difficulties in their cultivation and isolation. To date, only 48 species have been validly described, including a single member of the phylogenetically diverse Acidobacteria subdivision 6. Here, we report the polyphasic characterization of strain HEG&#95;-6&#95;39T, a novel representative of Acidobacteria subdivision 6 isolated from a grassland soil in Thuringia, Germany. Cells of HEG&#95;-6&#95;39T are Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-capsulated short rods that form small dark yellow colonies. This slow growing bacterium is psychrotolerant and grows between 0 and 36 °C. It displays a narrower pH tolerance (5.3-8.3) than most acidobacteria. The strain is an aerobe that grows chemo-organotrophically utilizing mostly sugars and proteinaceous substrates such as peptone, yeast extract, casein hydrolysate and casamino acids as substrates. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and two unknown phospholipids are identified as polar lipids. Major fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c/C16 : 1ω7c), C18 : 1ω9c and iso-C17 : 1ω9c. The major respiratory quinone is MK-8. The G+C content of the genomic DNA is 64.7 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this bacterium was related to Vicinamibacter silvestris Ac&#95;5&#95;C6T with 93.6 % sequence similarity. Based on the present taxonomic characterization, strain HEG&#95;-6&#95;39T represents a new species of a novel genus for which the name Luteitalea pratensis gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HEG&#95;-6&#95;39T (=DSM 100886T=KCTC 52215T).

The phylum Acidobacteria represents one of the highly diverse but poorly characterized phylogenetic groups of the domain Bacteria. The taxonomically described acidobacteria belong to 27 genera and 49 species, which represent subdivisions 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 23 of this phylum. However, the corresponding family ranks have been defined only for some of these characterized micro-organisms. Here, we suggest the establishment of a novel family, Bryobacteraceae fam. nov., to accommodate taxonomically described members of subdivision 3 Acidobacteria. This family is characterized by Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile rods, which divide by binary fission. Members of this family are mildly acidophilic, mesophilic, aerobic and facultatively anaerobic chemoheterotrophs that utilize various sugars and polysaccharides. The major fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c; the cells also contain significant amounts of 13,16-dimethyloctacosanedioic (iso-diabolic) acid. Currently, the family comprises the genera Bryobacter and Paludibaculum.