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A Gram-stain-negative, microaerophilic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium strain designated PMP191F T , was isolated from a human peritoneal tumour. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism formed a lineage within the family Chitinophagaceae that was distinct from members of the genus Pseudoflavitalea (95.1-95.2 % sequence similarity) and Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans (94.4 % sequence similarity). The average nucleotide identity values between strain PMP191F T and Pseudoflavitalea rhizosphaerae T16R-265 T and Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans Gsoil 221 T was 68.9 and 62.3% respectively. The only respiratory quinone of strain PMP191F T was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 1 G and summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7 c and/or C 16:1 ω6 c ). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and some unidentified amino and glycolipids. The G+C content of strain PMP191F T calculated from the genome sequence was 43.4 mol%. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain PMP191F T represents a novel species and genus for which the name Parapseudoflavitalea muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PMP191F T (=DSM 104999 T =ATCC BAA-2857 T = CCUG 72691 T ). The phylogenetic analyses also revealed that Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans shared over 98 % sequence similarly to members of the genus Pseudoflavitalea . However, the average nucleotide identity value between Pseudoflavitalea rhizosphaerae T16R-265 T , the type species of the genus and Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans Gsoil 221 T was 86.8 %. Therefore, we also propose that Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans be reclassified as Pseudoflavitalea ginsenosidimutans comb. nov.

To better characterize murine intestinal microbiota, a large number (187) of Gram-positive-staining, rod- and coccoid-shaped, and facultatively or strictly anaerobic bacteria were isolated from small and large intestinal contents from mice. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a total 115 isolates formed three phylogenetically distinct clusters located within the family Erysipelotrichaceae. Group 1, as represented by strain NYU-BL-A3T, was most closely related to Allobaculum stercoricanis, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 87.7 %. A second group, represented by NYU-BL-A4T, was most closely related to Faecalibaculum rodentium, with 86.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. A third group had a nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequence (99.9 %) compared with the recently described Faecalibaculum rodentium, also recovered from a laboratory mouse; however, this strain had a few differences in biochemical characteristics, which are detailed in an emended description. The predominant (>10 %) cellular fatty acids of strain NYU-BL-A3T were C16 : 0 and C18 : 0, and those of strain NYU-BL-A4T were C10 : 0, C16 : 0, C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9c. The two groups could also be distinguished by multiple biochemical reactions, with the group represented by NYU-BL-A4T being considerably more active. Based on phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic criteria, two novel genera are proposed, Ileibacterium valens gen. nov., sp. nov. with NYU-BL-A3T (=ATCC TSD-63T=DSM 103668T) as the type strain and Dubosiella newyorkensis gen. nov., sp. nov. with NYU-BL-A4T (=ATCC TSD-64T=DSM 103457T) as the type strain.