Search

An acid/alcohol-producing, Gram-stain-positive, obligately anaerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore forming acetogen, designated as strain P21 T , was isolated from old hay after enrichment with CO as the substrate. Spores not observed even after prolonged incubation (30 days). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain P21 T showed it was closely related to Clostridium carboxidivorans DSM 15243 T (97.9%), Clostridium scatologenes DSM 757 T (97.7 %) and Clostridium drakei DSM 12750 T (97.7 %). The genome is 5.6 Mb and the G+C content is 29.4 mol%. Average nucleotide identity between strain P21 T , C. carboxidivorans , C. scatologenes and C. drakei was 87.1, 86.4, 86.4 %, respectively. Strain P21 T grew on CO:CO 2 , H 2 :CO 2 , l-arabinose, ribose, xylose, fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, mannose, cellobiose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, pyruvate, choline, glutamate, histidine, serine, threonine and casamino acids. End products of metabolism were acetate, butyrate, caproate, ethanol and hexanol. Dominant cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C 16 : 0 (41.5 %), C 16 : 1  ω7 c /C 16 : 1  ω6 c (10.0 %), and a summed feature containing cyclo C 17 : 1 /C 18 : 0 (17.3 %). Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses, strain P21 T represents a new species in the genus Clostridium , for which the name Clostridium muellerianum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P21 T (=DSM 111390 T =NCIMB 15261 T ).

Twelve isolates recovered from 10 cystic fibrosis/other patient types and a variety of clinical sources, were referred to Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory over 7 years. These were assignable to the genus Pseudoxanthomonas but were unidentifiable to species level. Patients included five males and five females from two geographically separated provinces, ranging in age from 2 months to 84 years. In contrast, most Pseudoxanthomonas species described to date have been derived from water, plants or contaminated soils. By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the patient strains had ≥99.4 % similarity to each other but only 97.73-98.29 % to their closest relatives, Pseudoxanthomonas spadix or Pseudoxanthomonas helianthi . Bacteria were studied by whole genome sequencing using average nucleotide identity by Blastn, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average amino acid identity, core genome and single nucleotide variant analyses, MALDI-TOF, biochemical and cellular fatty acid analyses, and by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Bacterial structures were assessed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Strains were strict aerobes, yellowish-pigmented, oxidative, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative bacilli and generally unable to reduce nitrate. Strains were susceptible to most of the antibiotics tested; some resistance was observed towards carbapenems, several cephems and uniformly to nitrofurantoin. The single taxon group observed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing was supported by whole genome sequencing; genomes ranged in size from 4.36 to 4.73 Mb and had an average G+C content of 69.12 mol%. Based on this study we propose the name Pseudoxanthomonas winnipegensis sp. nov. for this cluster. Pseudoxanthomonas spadix DSM 18855 T , acquired for this study, was found to be non-motile phenotypically and by electron microscopy; we therefore propose the emendation of Pseudoxanthomonas spadix Young et al . 2007 to document that observation.

A Gram-stain-negative, microaerophilic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium strain designated PMP191F T , was isolated from a human peritoneal tumour. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the organism formed a lineage within the family Chitinophagaceae that was distinct from members of the genus Pseudoflavitalea (95.1-95.2 % sequence similarity) and Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans (94.4 % sequence similarity). The average nucleotide identity values between strain PMP191F T and Pseudoflavitalea rhizosphaerae T16R-265 T and Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans Gsoil 221 T was 68.9 and 62.3% respectively. The only respiratory quinone of strain PMP191F T was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 1 G and summed feature 3 (C 16:1 ω7 c and/or C 16:1 ω6 c ). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine and some unidentified amino and glycolipids. The G+C content of strain PMP191F T calculated from the genome sequence was 43.4 mol%. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic evidence, strain PMP191F T represents a novel species and genus for which the name Parapseudoflavitalea muciniphila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PMP191F T (=DSM 104999 T =ATCC BAA-2857 T = CCUG 72691 T ). The phylogenetic analyses also revealed that Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans shared over 98 % sequence similarly to members of the genus Pseudoflavitalea . However, the average nucleotide identity value between Pseudoflavitalea rhizosphaerae T16R-265 T , the type species of the genus and Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans Gsoil 221 T was 86.8 %. Therefore, we also propose that Pseudobacter ginsenosidimutans be reclassified as Pseudoflavitalea ginsenosidimutans comb. nov.