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A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, thermophilic bacterium, strain N.8 T , was isolated from the curing step of an olive mill pomace compost sample, collected at the Composting Experimental Centre (CESCO, Salerno, Italy). Strain N.8 T , based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, was most closely related to Aeribacillus pallidus strain H12 T (=DSM 3670 T ) (99.8 % similarity value) with a 25 % DNA-DNA relatedness value. Cells were rod-shaped, non-motile and grew optimally at 60 °C and pH 9.0, forming cream colonies. Strain N.8 was able to grow on medium containing up to 9.0 % (w/v) NaCl with an optimum at 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The cellular membrane contained MK-7, and C16 : 0 (48.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (19.4 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.6 %) were the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. Based on phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequences, DNA-DNA hybridization values and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain N.8 T represents a novel species of the genus Aeribacillus, for which the name Aeribacillus composti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N.8 T (=KCTC 33824 T =JCM 31580 T ).

A Gram-stain-positive, non-endospore-forming, haloalkaliphilic actinobacterium, strain CK5 T , was isolated from a soil sample, collected at Cape King (Antarctica), and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Cells were cocci with orange pigmentation, non-motile and grew optimally at 25 °C and pH 9.0-9.5 in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Cellular membrane contained MK-7 (72 %) and MK-8 (28 %), and anteiso-C 15 : 0 (64.8 %), iso-C 16 : 0 (13.3 %), n -C 17 : 0 (9.9 %), n -C 16 : 0 (4.0 %), n -C 14 : 0 (3.7 %) as major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 64.8 mol%. Strain CK5 T , based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, was most closely related to Nesterenkonia jeotgali JG-241 T (99.5 %), Nesterenkonia sandarakina YIM 70009 T (99.4 %), Nesterenkonia lutea YIM 70081 T (99.4 %), Nesterenkonia halotolerans YIM 70084 T (99.3 %), Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis YIM 70097 T (97.2 %), Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251 T (97.1 %) and Nesterekonia aethiopica CCUG 48939 T (97.1 %). Strain CK5 T revealed 31 % DNA-DNA relatedness with respect to N. sandarakina DSM 15664 T , 29 % with respect to N. jeotgali DSM 19081 T , 10 % with respect to N. lutea DSM 15666 T and 1 % with respect to N. halotolerans, DSM 15474 T , N. xinjiangensis DSM 15475 T , N. aethiopica DSM 17733 T and N. flava DSM 19422 T . On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, DNA-DNA hybridization and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain CK5 T represents a novel species of the genus Nesterenkonia , for which the name Nesterenkonia aurantiaca sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CK5 T ( = DSM 27373 T  = JCM 19723 T ).

Four Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, exopolysaccharide-producing strains, designated AAD6(T), AAD4, AAD17 and AAD21, were isolated from Çamaltı Saltern Area, a wildlife reserve in Sasalı, İzmir province located in the Aegean Region of Turkey. The isolates grew at an optimum NaCl concentration of 10% (w/v). The major cellular fatty acids were C(16:0), C(18:1)ω7c, C(16:1)ω7c and C(12:0) 3OH, respectively and the predominant lipoquinone was ubiquinone Q-9. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strains AAD6(T), AAD4, AAD17 and AAD21 was 63.0, 63.3, 62.8 and 62.6 mol %, respectively. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence studies showed that the isolates belonged to the genus Halomonas. The DNA-DNA hybridization mean values between the representative strain AAD6(T) and the closely related species Halomonas salina DSM 5928(T), Halomonas halophila DSM 4770(T), Halomonas maura DSM 13445(T), Halomonas organivorans DSM 16226(T), Halomonas elongata DSM 2581(T), Halomonas koreensis JCM 12237(T) and Halomonas nitroreducens LMG 24185, were 40.8, 39.6, 24.2, 23.3, 12.6, 14.5 and 12.2%, respectively. Based on these data the strains represent a novel species of the genus Halomonas for which the name Halomonas smyrnensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AAD6(T) (= DSM 21644(T) = JCM 15723(T)).

An extremely halophilic archaeon belonging to the order Halobacteriales was isolated from Fuente de Piedra salt lake, Spain. This strain, designated FP1(T), was a pleomorphic coccoid, neutrophilic and required at least 15 % (w/v) NaCl for growth. Strain FP1(T) grew at 37-60 degrees C, with optimal growth at 50 degrees C. Mg(2+) was not required, but growth was observed with up to 10 % (w/v) MgSO(4). Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of mannose-6-sulfate(1-2)-glucose glycerol diether as a major glycolipid. Both C(20)C(20) and C(20)C(25) core lipids were present. The genomic DNA G+C content was 62.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the isolate was most closely related to species of the genus Haloterrigena. DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain FP1(T) and the most closely related species of the genus Haloterrigena (Haloterrigena thermotolerans, Haloterrigena saccharevitans and Haloterrigena limicola) were lower than 29 %. It is therefore considered that strain FP1(T) represents a novel species of the genus Haloterrigena, for which the name Haloterrigena hispanica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FP1(T) (=DSM 18328(T)=ATCC BAA-1310(T)).

A halophilic, alkalitolerant bacterium, strain 20AGT, was isolated from an algal mat collected from a sulfurous spring located in Santa Maria Incaldana (Mondragone, Campania Region, southern Italy). The isolate is Gram-positive, ferments several carbohydrates and has motile, rod-shaped cells that do not sporulate. The isolate grows at pH 6.5-9.5 and in 5-20 % NaCl. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the strain was shown to belong to the genus Oceanobacillus; strain 20AGT showed 96.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Oceanobacillus iheyensis, DSM 14371T, and 99.5 % similarity to Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi NCIMB 14022T. Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 20AGT and O. iheyensis DSM 14371T and O. oncorhynchi NCIMB 14022T were respectively 29.4 and 59.0 %. The G+C content of the DNA of strain 20AGT was 40.1 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine were the predominant polar lipids and minor phospholipids were also detected. ai-C14 : 0, ai-C15 : 0 and i-C15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. Strain 20AGT accumulated osmolytes and produced exopolysaccharide. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic data and DNA-DNA relatedness data, isolate 20AGT should be designated as the type strain of a subspecies of Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi, for which the name Oceanobacillus oncorhynchi subsp incaldanensis subsp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 20AGT (=DSM 16557T = ATCC BAA-954T).

A halo-alkaliphilic, Gram-positive, non-motile bacterium, designated strain 4AGT, was isolated from a mineral pool located in Malvizza, Campania, southern Italy. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 4AGT was shown to belong to the genus Alkalibacillus within the phylum Firmicutes; its phylogenetic distance from recognized Alkalibacillus species was <95.0 %. Chemotaxonomic data (MK-7 as the major menaquinone; directly cross-linked meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall; phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids; iso-C(15 : 0), anteiso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(17 : 0) as major fatty acids; and glycine betaine and glutamate as major compatible solutes) supported the affiliation of the strain to the genus Alkalibacillus. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain 4AGT from the two recognized Alkalibacillus species. Strain 4AGT therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Alkalibacillus filiformis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 4AGT (=DSM 15448T=ATCC BAA-956T).

A haloalkaliphilic Gram-positive bacterium, strain 6AGT, that grew aerobically at an optimum temperature of 37 degrees C and at pH 7-10 (optimum 9.0), was isolated from algal mat from a mineral pool located in Malvizza in the Campania region (southern Italy). The isolate tolerated high concentrations of NaCl, up to 25 %. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the strain was shown to belong to the genus Bacillus. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed high similarity between strain 6AGT and an unidentified isolate from Hailaer soda lake (China) (99.9 % identity) and two Kenyan isolates, 3E1 and WE4 (98.3 and 97.8 % identity, respectively). The G+C content of the DNA was 48.4 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinones were MK-7(H2), MK-7(H4) and DMK-7(H2); phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol were the predominant polar lipids. iC15 : 0 and aiC15 : 0 were the major fatty acids. Strain 6AGT accumulated osmolytes. The phylogenetic distance of strain 6AGT (=DSM 15402T=ATCC BAA-957T) from any recognized species within the genus Bacillus allowed it to be classified as the type strain of Bacillus saliphilus sp. nov.