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The N-terminal P1 proteinase of potato virus Y (ordinary strain group isolate PVY-O) was expressed in E. coli. Antiserum was raised against the expressed protein and used to detect the viral proteins in infected tobacco leaf tissue by Western blotting and by electron microscopy with immunogold labelling. In the immunogold localization studies P1 protein was detected in association with the cytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic of PVY infections and in the cytoplasm of the infected plant cells. No significant P1 antibody binding with other plant cell organelles, or with the cell wall and plasmodesmata, was detected by immunogold labelling.