Search

Astragalus dinawarii Bidarlord & F. Ghahrem. (Fabaceae) is described as a new species based on material collected on the Talesh Mountains, northwestern Iran. This species belongs to a large bifurcating section, Astragalus L. sect. Incani DC. Morphologically, it is close to A. bukanensis Maassoumi & Podlech, A. diversus Podlech & Maassoumi, and A. dilutuloides Maassoumi, F. Ghahrem. & Bagheri, sharing several densely hairy leaflets and stipitate legumes. This species is easily distinguished from similar species by a set of both vegetative and reproductive characters such as size, shape, number of leaflets, shorter calyx, and longer legume stipe. A detailed description and comparisons with similar taxa, color images, distribution and habitat, and conservation status of the new species are provided.

The genus Mimosa L. is well known for its high morphological variability and the presence of taxonomic complexes—groups of taxa that are not adequately circumscribed and are therefore in continuous revision. For this study, we analyzed flowers from 28 different taxa in Mimosa sect. Calothamnos Barneby and five vegetatively similar taxa from Mimosa sect. Mimosa. We observed three calyx shapes and four (glabrous or pubescent) calyx border types, as well as describe glandular trichomes on the calyx border for the first time in section Calothamnos. While the corolla exhibits only two shape types, trichomes on the corolla are much more diverse, as we found one simple and 11 branched trichome types in diverse orientations and dispositions. Given the taxonomic value of trichomes and profuse terminology in different families, we focused on the detailed description of their micromorphology, type, and shape, finding morphological differences between trichome types, which is an easy way to adequately compare them between even unrelated taxa. Our results using trichome types on the corolla are consistent with the original differentiation of sections Calothamnos and Mimosa. Flower micromorphology also provides characters to distinguish species, groups of species, and varieties within section Calothamnos and could be useful in a future taxonomic treatment of the section. We also found that some floral features, such as inflorescence color and stamen fusion, are associated with the characters used in this study.

Following study of specimens belonging to Astragalus L. sect. Ammodendron Bunge collected from northeastern Iran, two new species and a new record for Iran are described and reported. Astragalus ayatollahii Nasseh, Joharchi & F. Ghahrem. differs from A. biarjmandicus Podlech & Zarre and A. inchebroonensis Maassoumi in having longer racemes with more flowers, only white trichomes on the calyx, and one pair of leaflets in the lower leaves and two pairs in the upper leaves. Astragalus gonabadensis Nasseh, Joharchi & F. Ghahrem. differs from A. baharensis F. Ghahrem. and A. macrobotrys Bunge in characters of the calyx and legume trichomes. Descriptions, distribution maps, and comparative tables of morphological characteristics for these taxa are presented. In addition, the first record of A. excedens Popov & Kult. in the flora of Iran is reported.

A new species of Cremosperma Benth. is described from Panama, bringing the total for the country to three. One species, C. maculatum L. E. Skog, occurs in the province of Chiriquí and also in Colombia and Costa Rica; the second, C. veraguanum Wiehler, occurs in the provinces of Bocas del Toro, Coclé, and Veraguas; and the new species, C. colonense L. E. Skog, Barrie & McPherson, has only been found in the province of Colón and is distinguished from the others by having larger leaves and corollas white with yellow in the throat. The new species is distinguished from C. ecuadoranum L. P. Kvist & L. E. Skog of eastern Ecuador by its branched habit, sericeous peduncles, the corolla white with yellow in the throat and a longer tube, and the usually longer calyx with wider lobes. Based on IUCN criteria, C. colonense is provisionally assessed as Endangered. A key is provided to the Mesoamerican species.

Eight new species of Neotropical Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) are here described based upon their morphological characters. Zanthoxylum amplicalyx Reynel, which belongs to Zanthoxylum sect. Tobinia (Desv. ex Ham.) Griseb., has the largest calyx segments for its section. The others, Z. brisoferox Reynel, Z. chocoense Reynel, Z. impressocordatum Reynel, Z. magnifructum Reynel, Z. mauriifolium Reynel, Z. sambucirhachis Reynel, and Z. tingana Reynel, belong to the most speciose section, Macqueria Comm. ex Triana & Planch., and are distinguished by a variety of characters. Zanthoxylum magnifructum has the largest fruits of any species in the genus in the New World. Of the newly recognized species, four have a geographical distribution in Ecuador, three in Colombia, and one in Cuba.

The new species Hippotis brevistipula M. Calderon is found in northeastern Ecuador and is distinguished from H. triflora Ruiz & Pav. by its usually smaller stipules, longer trichomes, and internally glabrous corollas. The new species H. hirsutissima M. Calderon & C. M. Taylor is found in central Peru and is distinguished from H. brevipes Spruce ex K. Schum. and H. triflora by its longer trichomes on the abaxial surface of the leaves and its longer calyx that splits only along one side.

Recent botanical explorations in western tropical South America provide new documentation of Joosia H. Karst., which has clarified some species identities and discovered some new species. Eighteen species are recognized here, with J. umbellifera H. Karst. circumscribed more narrowly than in previous taxonomies and J. panamensis Dwyer and J. ulei Steyerm. separated from it. Two new nomenclatural combinations are made: J. loretensis (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Rondeletia loretensis Standl., and J. sericea (Standl.) C. M. Taylor is based on Ladenbergia sericea Standl. and is an older name for J. multiflora L. Andersson. Three species are newly described here: J. capitata C. M. Taylor from northern Peru, with subcapitate inflorescences and dense hirtellous to hirsute pubescence; J. confusa C. M. Taylor from Ecuador and Peru, with dichasial axes and shallowly lobed calyx limbs; and J. frondosa C. M. Taylor from Colombia, with enlarged whitened bracts and calyx lobes. Joosia has its center of species diversity in montane Ecuador and Peru; it is now documented also from Bolivia, where J. sericea is found, and from Venezuela, but that material is inadequate for identification to species.

We describe an interesting new Primula L. species, P. hubeiensis X. W. Li, which is similar to P. filchnerae R. Knuth, with leaves pinnately lobed and glandular hairs on the leaves and inflorescences. However, P. hubeiensis has more pinnae on the leaves (six to nine vs. three to four pairs) and smaller capsules (3–4 mm diam. vs. 10–16 mm diam.). The persistent calyx of P. filchnerae develops into the shape of a lantern when the fruits are mature, but the calyx of P. hubeiensis is elongated and split almost to the base during fruiting. Primula filchnerae has been placed in Primula sect. Auganthus (Link) Pax ex Balf. f. due to the character of its indument and deeply lobed leaves; P. hubeiensis might also belong in this section, but this needs further confirmation.

Two fossil flowers in mid-Tertiary amber from the Dominican Republic are described as Catalpa hispaniolae Poinar sp. nov. (Bignoniaceae). Their placement in the genus Catalpa Scop. is based on the following characters: flowers hypogenous, gamopetalous, zygomorphic, bisexual with a sessile ovary and single filiform style; calyx composed of two cup-shaped sepals; corolla bilabiate with five united petals; and two fertile stamens with oblong anthers consisting of divergent locules dehiscing via longitudinal slits. These flowers can be distinguished from extant members of the genus by the smaller calyx and corolla and lack of staminodia. These specimens represent the first definite fossil flowers of the Bignoniaceae.

The new species Gentiana woodii J. S. Pringle, from Departments Cochabamba and La Paz, Bolivia, and Gentianella glenniae J. S. Pringle, from Departments Amazonas and Cajamarca, Peru, are described. Gentiana woodii differs from G. sedifolia Kunth and G. sirensis J. S. Pringle in its conspicuously white-margined leaves, which are more widely spaced distally, and from G. microphylla Griseb. in its monocarpic habit and narrower leaves. Gentianella glenniae differs from G. ericothamna (Gilg) Zarucchi in its more elongated inflorescences, triangular rather than linear calyx lobes, and more deeply lobed corollas, and from G. oreosilene (Gilg) J. S. Pringle in its smaller flowers, more deeply lobed corollas, and narrowly lanceolate rather than obovate corolla lobes.

Botanical exploration has documented 11 new species of Psychotria L. (i.e., Psychotria s. str., Psychotria subg. Psychotria: Rubiaceae) in the western Amazon basin and Andes of South America. Psychotria anisophylla C. M. Taylor is found at 200–800 m in Peru and Bolivia and is characterized by its unequally sized leaves, calyptrate stipules, and flowers that are solitary or paired and borne on axillary short-shoots. Psychotria awa C. M. Taylor is found at 100–1325 m along the Colombia–Ecuador border and differs from P. hammelii Dwyer in its planar (non-bulliform) leaves. Psychotria calyptrata C. M. Taylor is found at 1021–2850 m in Bolivia and Peru and differs from P. trichotoma M. Martens & Galeotti in its pubescent smaller leaves, subsessile flowers, and fruits that are not stipitate. Psychotria cochabambana C. M. Taylor is found at 1940–2180 m in central Bolivia and differs from P. cutucuana C. M. Taylor by its longer corollas. Psychotria davidsmithiana C. M. Taylor is found at 1600–2862 m in Peru and Bolivia and differs from P. aristeguietae Steyerm. in its shorter calyx lobes. Psychotria diminuta C. M. Taylor is found at 1600–1800 m in Peru and differs from P. parvifolia Benth. by its subsessile leaves with sacciform domatia, 3-flowered inflorescences, and 5-merous flowers. Psychotria grahamii C. M. Taylor is found at 250–850 m in central Peru and differs from P. juninensis Standl. in its longer calyx limbs. Psychotria maynasana C. M. Taylor is found at 120–170 m in Peru and western Brazil and differs from P. anceps Kunth in its larger fruits. Psychotria ortiziana C. M. Taylor is found at 193–900 m in Peru, western Brazil, and Bolivia and is characterized by its bilobed interpetiolar stipules, leaves with sacciform domatia, rather large corollas, and fruits borne on well-developed stipes. Psychotria pandoana C. M. Taylor is found in at 110–285 m in western Brazil and northern Bolivia and differs from P. pectinata Steyerm. in its broader pubescent leaves without domatia and larger corollas. Also, P. sopkinii C. M. Taylor is found at 1500–2730 m in western Colombia and differs from P. convergens C. M. Taylor by its shorter corollas.

Two new species of Loranthaceae are described and illustrated from the Cerros del Sira highland in central Peru. From the department of Pasco, province of Oxapampa, Gaiadendron coronatum Kuijt is distinguished as small parasitic shrubs, its flowers with distinct calyx lobes that develop into a tubular structure in fruit. Gaiadendron coronatum is closely related to the only previously known species for the genus, G. punctatum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don. From the department of Ucayali, province of Coronel Portillo, Peristethium grahamii Kuijt is distinguished by its 5-merous flowers, the papery scales at the base of a determinate inflorescence, and by its essentially sessile anthers.

Monardella angustifolia Elvin, Ertter & Mansfield (Lamiaceae), a new species from southeastern Oregon and adjacent Idaho, is described and illustrated. It occurs on ash tuff outcrops in and near Leslie Gulch in the northern reaches of the Great Basin Desert. The new species is best distinguished by its calyx trichomes, fascicled leaves, and leaf and bract morphology. It is unique in the genus in having very narrow, conduplicate, and often fascicled leaves and being endemic to soils derived from ash tuff. It is most similar morphologically and ecologically to several perennial species of Monardella Benth. in the Mojave Desert ca. 900 km to the south. It shares with them a similar habit, pubescence, branching, and bract and glomerule morphologies.

Burmeistera salicifolia Garzon, Luteyn & F. Gonzalez (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae), a new species from the departments of Choco and Valle del Cauca in Colombia, is illustrated and described, and its affinities are discussed. The species is a small epiphytic to terrestrial herb with a green corolla. It stands out from other species by its narrow leaves with brochidodromous venation; the short, broadly triangular calyx lobes; and the subequal, narrowly ovate-lanceolate corolla lobes that are at right angles with the tube. Burmeistera salicifolia is assigned to Burmeistera Triana sect. Burmeistera because the tips of the ventral anthers lack a tuft of trichomes. The new species grows in the understory of wet montane forests of the Western Cordillera of Colombia, in the Choco–Valle del Cauca border area.

A new species of clover is described, allied to Trifolium fucatum Lindl. and T. depauperatum Desv. Trifolium piorkowskii Rand. Morgan & A. L. Barber (Fabaceae, Papilionoideae) is an extremely rare clover that is apparently endemic to Shasta County, California, U.S.A. This new species differs from all other members of the T. fucatum complex in calyx and floral morphology, leaflet shape and markings, foliaceous stipules, and smooth seed coat. It also differs in range and habitat and has an eccentric nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS profile. Trifolium piorkowskii differs from the T. depauperatum complex in its relative robustness, leaf shape and markings, larger corolla size, the large acuminate involucre lobes, consistently forked calyx teeth, and larger seeds.

Muellera tozziana M. J. Silva (Millettieae, Leguminosae), a new species endemic to Brazil, is described and illustrated on the basis of field studies during the taxonomic revision of the genus. The species is morphologically similar to M. denudata (Benth.) M. Sousa, but it differs and can be characterized by its falcate or oblong-falcate fruits, glabrescent with upper margin discreetly thickened; the pubescent staminal tube and free portion of the filaments and anthers; subtruncate calyx, and delicate leaves.

Pavetta glaucophylla Retief, S. J. Siebert & A. E. van Wyk, a new species of the Rubiaceae (Ixoroideae) from South Africa, is described and illustrated. A member of Pavetta L. subg. Pavetta, it has a restricted range and is near endemic to the Sekhukhuneland Centre of Endemism. Hitherto P. glaucophylla has mainly been confused with P. zeyheri Sond., from which it differs in being a taller plant with larger, blue-green leaves in living condition instead of dark green to gray-green leaves and flowers in which the calyx lobes are 0.5–0.75 mm long and triangular-ovate, and 1.25–2 mm long and not triangular-lanceolate, as in P. zeyheri.

Petrocosmea melanophthalma Huan C. Wang, Z. R. He & Li Bing Zhang, an attractive new species (Gesneriaceae, Petrocosmea sect. Deianthera W. T. Wang) from Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to P. kerrii Craib in the zygomorphic calyx and brevirostrate anther. The new species differs from the latter by its peltate leaves and the blue corolla with two striking black spots on the tube, as well as the geniculate filaments of the stamens that thicken above the middle. Petrocosmea melanopthalma was found on basalt cliffs in evergreen broad-leaved forest on Mopan Shan.

Eysenhardtia byei Cruz Duran & M. Sousa, a new species from the northwest of Mexico, is described and illustrated. This new taxon is similar to E. orthocarpa (A. Gray) S. Watson var. orthocarpa and E. polystachya (Ortega) Sarg., but differs in the leaflets having revolute margins and oblique to subcordate bases (vs. flat and obtuse to semicordate), the stipels being shorter than the petiolules (vs. equal or longer), and the petals being less than twice the length of the calyx (vs. double or more), and its restricted distribution in the zone of barrancas or canyons in the states of Chihuahua and Sonora (vs. an expanded distribution).

Burmeistera zamorensis Muchhala & A. J. Perez (Campanulaceae, Lobelioideae) is described from cloud forests in Zamora Chinchipe, Ecuador. It is distinctive in possessing inflated fruit with thick, fleshy walls, and in the maroon coloration of the ventral surface of its leaves, which contrasts sharply with the dark green of the dorsal leaf surfaces. Although similar to B. ceratocarpa Zahlbr. and B. glabrata (Kunth) Benth. & Hook. f. ex B. D. Jacks., the new species can be distinguished from these and all other species of Burmeistera Triana by a combination of characters that includes leaf arrangement, fruit morphology, and calyx lobe morphology.

The new species Amomum sahyadricum V. P. Thomas & M. Sabu (Zingiberaceae) is described and illustrated from the Western Ghats, India. The new species is related to A. muricatum Bedd., but differs from it in the smaller habit (33–60 cm vs. 70–150 cm in A. muricatum), the prominently raised veins on the adaxial surface of the leaf lamina (vs. immersed venation), the fleshy and thick bracts (vs. membranous bracts), 2-horned bracteoles, the calyx with three mucronate teeth, dorsal corolla lobe mucronate at apex, and the rugose to muricate fruits (vs. echinate fruits). IUCN status, distribution, phenology, and ecological details are provided.

A new species, Nepeta sahandica Noroozi & Ajani (Labiatae), is described and illustrated from the high altitudes of the Sahand Mountains in northwestern Iran. Morphological differences of this species from its closest relatives in Nepeta L. sect. Capituliferae (Benth.) Pojark., N. lasiocephala Benth. and N. monocephala Rech.f., are discussed. These species differ mainly in their respective habit, basal and stem leaves, indumentum, and character of bract and calyx. The new species is restricted to the subnival vegetation zone, associated with unstable scree grounds. Nepeta sahandica is classified as Critically Endangered (CR), based on IUCN Red List criteria.

Psychotria kosraensis Lorence & K. R. Wood (Rubiaceae, Rubioideae), a narrow endemic from Kosrae, Caroline Islands, Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), is described and illustrated. The new species differs from other known species of Psychotria L. in Micronesia by its combination of narrowly obovate-elliptic or narrowly elliptic leaves with long-acuminate apex and abaxially barbate leaf axils, pseudoaxillary fasciculate inflorescences with very short peduncles ca. 1 mm, flowers with a long calyx tube with narrowly triangular lobes, and villosulous fruits crowned with the persistent well-developed calyx tube and lobes. Known from a single population of five individuals, P. kosraensis easily falls into the IUCN Red List category of Critically Endangered (CR).

We describe Gaultheria paucinervia P. W. Fritsch & C. M. Bush (Ericaceae: Gaultherieae), a new species apparently restricted to the eastern slopes of Mt. Kinabalu in Sabah State, Borneo, Malaysia. This species has been confused with G. borneensis Stapf, but differs in its more erect habit and larger stature, longer nonappressed leaf trichomes, purple (vs. white) fruiting calyx, and lower elevation range, among other features. The two species are furthermore well separated in molecular phylogenetic analyses, with G. paucinervia grouping in a clade of other eastern Asian species sharing whitish green abaxial leaf surfaces, racemose inflorescences, and a fleshy calyx surrounding a dry capsule.

A new species of Euphorbiaceae from the Brazilian Amazon, Pera eiteniorum Bigio & Secco, is described and illustrated. This species is closely related to P. tomentosa (Benth.) Mull. Arg., P. membranacea Leal, and P. heteranthera (Schrank) I. M. Johnst., but can be distinguished from them by the following characteristics: the abaxial leaf surface with stellate trichomes and the blade midvein with stellate-lepidote trichomes, staminate flowers with the calyx glabrous or rarely with sparse, sericeous trichomes, and a well-developed rudimentary pistillate flower with a lageniform (flask-shaped) ovary, triangular stigma, and narrowly oblanceolate staminode. Affinities of the new taxon are discussed, and a key to morphologically similar species from Amazonian Brazil is presented.

Two new species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae), A. ledongensis Han Xu, Y. D. Li & H. J. Yang and A. jianfenglingensis Han Xu, Y. D. Li & H. Q. Chen, are described and illustrated from Hainan Island, China. Aristolochia ledongensis differs from the similar A. championii Merr. & Chun and A. bambusifolia C. F. Liang ex H. Q. Wen by having the exterior of the calyx yellow (vs. yellowish green), a smaller basal portion of the calyx tube (15–16 × 4.5–5 mm vs. 30–70 × 7–10 mm), a narrower calyx limb (0.5–0.7 cm vs. 1.5–6 cm wide), and a shorter peduncle (0.7–1 cm vs. 1.8–5 cm). Aristolochia jianfenglingensis differs from the similar A. championii and A. bambusifolia by having the stems glabrous (vs. densely villous), the exterior of the calyx light red-brown (vs. yellowish green), a smaller basal portion of the calyx tube (23–26 × 5–6 mm vs. 30–70 × 7–10 mm), and a narrower calyx limb (0.8–0.9 cm vs. 1.5–6 cm wide). Aristolochia championii and A. bambusifolia have densely villous stems; the exteri...

Five new species of Gentianella Moench (Gentianaceae) are described from western South America. Gentianella decemnectaria J. S. Pringle, from Peru, is characterized by decumbent stems and nearly rotate corollas with 10 nectaries per corolla. Gentianella pluvialis J. S. Pringle, from Bolivia, is similar to G. florida (Griseb.) Holub, differing in its larger flowers with bright yellow corollas. Gentianella pyrostelium J. S. Pringle, from Peru, is characterized by its columnar habit and red and yellow, scarcely opening corollas. Gentianella rugicalyx J. S. Pringle, from Peru, differs from G. paludicola (Gilg) J. S. Pringle in its wider, abruptly acute calyx lobes and corolla tube that widens more gradually, and from G. persquarrosa (Reimers) J. S. Pringle in its leafier stems and glabrous corollas. Gentianella sanchezii J. S. Pringle, from Peru, is characterized by slender, clustered stems arising from a persistent rosette, pedicels mostly longer than the internodes, and widely funnelform, purplish pink corollas.

Two new Brazilian species of Machaerium Pers. sect. Oblonga (Benth.) Taub. (Leguminosae) are described and illustrated. Machaerium macaense C. V. Mendonca, A. M. G. Azevedo & H. C. Lima is a tree species endemic to the Reserva Ecologica Macae de Cima, an area of Atlantic forest in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The species is closely similar to M. nyctitans (Vell.) Benth., from which it differs by its smooth bark, smaller leaflets, sunken secondary veins, narrower bracteoles, and smaller standard petal. It is also similar to M. hatschbachii Rudd, from which it differs by bark characters, the bracteoles that are shorter than the calyx, and its inconspicuous stigma. The second new species, M. jobimianum C. V. Mendonca & A. M. G. Azevedo, has a wider distribution than the first, in Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, and Bahia states, occurring in Atlantic and mesophitic forests or as a pioneer in secondary vegetation. Its habit is a shrub, and it has been confused with M. floridum (Mart. ex Benth.) Ducke, from which it differs by its lustrous and glabrous leaflets, ovate bracteoles, and glabrous stamens. The species is also closely similar to M. myrianthum Spruce ex Benth., a vine or shrub from the Amazon Basin, which has wider paniculate inflorescences, a pandurate standard, and a longer stipe.

Pedicularis obliquigaleata V. B. Yu & H. Wang (Orobanchaceae) is described and illustrated from the Hengduan Mountains, in Yunnan Province, southwestern China. This new species was found in alpine meadows and along the edge of Abies Mill. forest. The new taxon is placed in Pedicularis ser. Dissectae H. L. Li and is similar to P. souliei Franch. from Sichuan Province. Pedicularis obliquigaleata differs by having densely gray pubescent stems; a pinnatipartite leaf with segments that are triangularovate to oblong-ovate with dentate margins; and flowers with two calyx lobes, a bent galea, semicircular beak, and a purple or rose-red corolla lower lip with a subtruncate middle lobe. Pollen and seed coat surface micromorphology of P. obliquigaleata were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the chromosome number and karyotype were determined as 2n = 16 = 2m + 12sm + 2st.

Two new species, Rhododendron huang- pingense Xiang Chen & Jia Y. Huang and R. lilacinum Xiang Chen & X. Chen (Ericaceae), from Guizhou Province, China, are described and illustrated. Rhododendron huangpingense is close to the morpho- logically similar species R. oreodoxa Franch. var. adenostylosum Fang & W. K. Hu and the sympatric species R. decorum Franch., from which it differs by having short yellowish brown hairs on the leaves, the rachis 15-18 mm long, a rose-colored corolla with deep rose flecks, and the stigma ca. 3.5 mm wide. Rhododendron lilacinum differs from the morpholog- ically similar and sympatric species R. simsii Planch. by having smaller leaves, a shorter pedicel, a pale purple corolla, a smaller calyx, and shorter stamens. Both of the new species appear to be quite rare and therefore their conservation is highly desired.

Recent Neotropical exploration and floristic studies have continued the discovery of species of Rubiaceae new to science, including the six species described here: Bouvardia costaricensis C. M. Taylor of central Costa Rica is distinguished by its foliaceous enlarged calyx lobes and long white salverform corollas; Hillia pumila C. M. Taylor of dwarf montane forests in central Peru is distinguished by its quite small leaves and stipules; Joosia antioquiana C. M. Taylor of northwestern Colombia is distinguished by its long stipules, leaves with numerous secondary veins, and four entire (i.e., unornamented) corolla lobes; Ladenbergia franciscana C. M. Taylor of southern Ecuador is distinguished by its calyptrate stipules, small, mostly obtuse leaves, and shallowly lobed calyx limb; Pentagonia osaensis C. M. Taylor of southern Costa Rica is distinguished by its dense pilosulose to velutinous pubescence and its subtruncate to very shallowly lobed calyx limb; and Posoqueria laevis C. M. Taylor of Panama is distinguished by its leaves with the secondary and higher-order venation not visible.

Hondurodendron C. Ulloa, Nickrent, Whitef. & D. Kelly, a new monotypic genus endemic to Honduras, is here described and illustrated. The new species, H. urceolatum C. Ulloa, Nickrent, Whitef. & D. Kelly, is a dioecious tree, distinguished by its minute flowers borne on densely tomentose inflorescences, unique anthers opening by three valves, and a characteristic fruit totally enveloped by the accrescent calyx, which projects beyond the fruit. A molecular analysis based on four genes (nuclear small subunit [SSU] ribosomal DNA [rDNA], chloroplast rbcL, matK, and accD) placed this genus in a clade with Aptandra Miers, Harmandia Pierre ex Baill., Chaunochiton Benth., and Ongokea Pierre in the family Aptandraceae Miers.

Three new species of Myrtaceae from montane forests of the southeastern Brazilian state of Espirito Santo are described, illustrated, and compared with related species: Eugenia crassa Sobral, Myrcia santateresana Sobral, and M. tumida Sobral. Eugenia crassa is closely affined to E. umbrosa O. Berg, from which it is set apart by the smaller and wider leaves (to 170 × 75 mm in E. crassa vs. to 200 × 50 mm), axillary inflorescences, and flowers with larger bracteoles (to 8 mm in E. crassa vs. to 2 mm); M. santateresana is related to M. badia (O. Berg) N. Silveira, from which the new species differs by its smaller leaves (to 140 × 50 mm in M. santateresana vs. to 200 × 50 mm) with discontinuous marginal veins and smaller (buds to 2 mm in M. santateresana vs. to 4 mm), glabrous flowers without a calyx tube; M. tumida is close to M. guianensis (Aubl.) DC., differing by its swollen calyx lobes, larger fruits (to 18 mm in M. tumida vs. to 10 mm), and longer petioles (to 13 mm in M. tumida vs. to 6 mm).

A new species of Jaltomata Schltdl. (Solanaceae) from Mexico is described and a key to the Jaltomata of Mexico is provided. Known only from the type locality, J. bohsiana Mione & D. M. Spooner is distinguished from the similar J. procumbens (Cav.) J. L. Gentry by having a purple flowering calyx to 6.8 mm diam., the calyx lobes both recurved and concave in cross section, and a fruiting calyx to 10 mm diam. In contrast, J. procumbens has a mostly green flowering calyx that is not recurved, the calyx lobes are not concave in cross section, with a diameter greater than 7 mm, and a fruiting calyx diameter greater than 10 mm.

Koilodepas Hassk. (Euphorbiaceae) is a genus of nine accepted species ranging from India (K. calycinum Bedd.) to Southwest China, Indochina, Southeast Asia, West Malesia, and New Guinea (K. homaliifolium Airy Shaw). Two species are widespread on the southeastern Asian mainland and in western Malesia (K. bantamense Hassk. and K. longifolium Hook. f.), one species is present from China to Thailand (K. hainanense (Merr.) Croizat), three others (K. brevipes Merr., K. laevigatum Airy Shaw, K. pectinatum Airy Shaw) are endemic to Borneo, and a new species is found on Sumatra only (K. cordisepalum Welzen & Muzzaz.). The name K. glanduligerum Pax & K. Hoffm. is lectotypified. Typical for the species is the presence of stellately bundled hairs; spicate inflorescences with a single pistillate flower per node basally and more apically tight, globose groups of small staminate flowers per node; and staminate flowers with a broad, short androphore with the typically shaped, sulcate filaments and divergent anthers (K. laevigatum excepted). The species are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Typical characters of the species are found in the leaf margin (serrulate vs. entire), the base of the leaf blade (convex vs. flat), the color of the dried leaves (green or brown), the type of stamens (threadlike filaments vs. sulcate ones), and especially in the calyx and stigmas of the pistillate flowers (sepals free vs. completely united, loose vs. tight around ovary, enlarging in fruit vs. not enlarging in fruit, and degree in which stigmas branch apically).

The new species Hoya persicinicoronaria S. Y. He & P. T. Li (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) is described and illustrated from Hainan, China. The morphology of the related species H. pottsii Traill and H. liangii Tsiang are compared to the new species, which differs in its indumentum, leaf arrangement, leaflet pattern, leaf shape, apex, and size, calyx shape, and corolla color.

Three new species of Salacia L. from Mesoamerica (Celastraceae, Salacioideae) are described from Panama. Salacia macrocremastra Lombardi is characterized by its very long pedicels to 50 mm, large flowers to 19 mm diam., and slightly bullate, elliptic leaves with a rounded base. Salacia mennegana J. Hedin ex Lombardi is distinguished by its buds with the calyx initially truncate and lobes that grow as the flower expands during anthesis, open inflorescences, annular disk, and ellipsoid fruits. Salacia panamensis Lombardi can be recognized by its closed calyx with lobes that are irregular in bud and that tear apart as the flower opens, and its annular-pulvinate, slightly pentagonous disk with outer margin flattened.

Brongniartia balsensis J. Jimenez Ramirez & K. Vega (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae), a new and endemic species from the Balsas Depression, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to B. guerrerensis J. Jimenez Ramirez & J. L. Contreras, but differs from it by having a greater number of leaflets and larger pedicels, bracteoles, calyx, standard, wings, and keel; there are also differences in the form of the standard, the color of the keel (green), and the possession of a lightly winged legume.

Onobrychis kuchanensis Ranjbar, Hajmoradi & Karamian, a singular new species endemic to Iran, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to Onobrychis Miller subgen. Sisyrosema (Bunge) Grossheim sect. Hymenobrychis DC. Onobrychis kuchanensis is distributed in Khorasan Province in northeastern Iran. It is closely related to O. amoena Popov & Vvedensky and is distinguished by its corolla neither distinctly striate nor purple maculate and its calyx shorter than 5 mm. The conservation status is evaluated as Vulnerable (VU) according to IUCN Red List criteria. Moreover, O. amoena subsp. meshhedensis Sirjaev & Rechinger is raised to specific rank as O. meshhedensis (Sirjaev & Rechinger) Ranjbar on the basis of morphological evidence. Relationships between both species and their closest relatives are discussed.

Two new species of Pentagonia Bentham (Rubiaceae, Hippotideae) are described and illustrated. Pentagonia tapacula Cornejo is from the pluvial forests of Bajo Calima, Valle del Cauca Department, southwestern Colombia. This new species belongs to a species group of plants with entire leaves that have a tapering, subsessile base, and with a 5-lobed calyx, but differs mainly by its thicker coriaceous leaf blades, obovate stipules, and inflorescences with remarkably elongated and thick peduncles. The second new species is P. clementinensis Cornejo from the wet forests of western Ecuador. This is segregated from P. involucrata C. M. Taylor, which differs sharply by its leaf blades, floral bracts, fruits, and calyces.

Two new dioecious species of Symplocos Jacquin from southern Brazil are described and illustrated. Both species belong to section Barberina (Vellozo) A. DC. of subgenus Symplocos. Symplocos bidana Aranha is characterized by its cymose or racemose inflorescences (9.5–)11–34 mm long, corolla with five or six lobes 3.7–4.9 mm long, and fruits (10–)13–20 × 5–10 mm with the calyx lobes covering the fruiting disc. Symplocos incrassata Aranha is characterized by its reduced cymes, bracts caducous in fruit, and fruits 12–18 × (5–)6–8 mm. In addition, both species have thick endocarps (0.8–1.2 mm), a notable character among the Brazilian species of section Barberina.

Stenogyne kauaulaensis K. R. Wood & H. Oppenheimer (Lamiaceae), a narrow endemic from Kaua‘ula, West Maui, Hawai‘i, U.S.A., is described and illustrated. The new species differs from other known species of Stenogyne Bentham by its combination of flowers raised on a common peduncle, broadly campanulate calyx with large foliaceous teeth, strongly falcate corolla, and exserted stamens. Known from approximately 15 naturally occurring individuals, S. kauaulaensis easily falls into the Critically Endangered IUCN Red List category and is successfully cultivated for conservation.

The new species Leucas sivadasaniana Sunojkumar (Lamiaceae), collected from the Kudachadri Hills of Karnataka in Peninsular India, is described and illustrated. It is related to L. beddomei (Hooker f.) Sunojkumar & P. Mathew, L. eriostoma Hooker f., and L. lamiifolia Desfontaines, from which the new species differs in having broadly cuneate leaves, long and densely villous bracteoles, a nonciliate calyx mouth, and triangular teeth. This species is included in Leucas sect. Astrodon Bentham.

Seven new species of Faramea Aublet (Rubiaceae, Coussareae) are newly described from Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Peru. The new species F. colombiana C. M. Taylor from northwestern Colombia differs from F. robusta C. M. Taylor by its longer pedicels and larger flowers; F. condorica C. M. Taylor from southeastern Ecuador differs from F. phyllonomoides Standley by its longer calyx limbs and corollas with the tubes about twice as long as the lobes; F. frondosa C. M. Taylor from Panama differs from F. eurycarpa Donnell Smith by its oblanceolate to obovate calyx lobes 3.5–7 mm long; F. melicoccoides C. M. Taylor from western Colombia is distinguished by its relatively large fruits with a thickened pericarp, juicy mesocarp, and single smooth seed; F. ortiziana C. M. Taylor from Amazonian Peru differs from F. guianensis (Aublet) Bremekamp by its often terminal inflorescences and larger flowers and fruits; F. robusta C. M. Taylor from northwestern Colombia differs from F. polytriadophora Bremekamp by i...

Hedyotis cheniana R. J. Wang and H. wuzhishanensis R. J. Wang, from Hainan Province, China, are described as new. Hedyotis cheniana is similar to H. terminaliflora Merrill & Chun in having a terminal condensed inflorescence, but differs in having elliptic to ovate, or sometimes circular leaves with rounded or truncated leaf bases and distinct petioles, narrowly triangular stipules with a lacerate margin, heterostylous flowers, and short calyx tubes. Hedyotis wuzhishanensis is similar to H. paridifolia Dunn in having two pairs of leaves that are closely adjacent to the terminal inflorescence, but it can be distinguished by its covering of sparse to dense hairs on all vegetative organs, four to five pairs of secondary veins, and distinct petioles. These two new species belong to Hedyotis sect. Diplophragma Wight & Arnott based on the dehiscent pattern of their mature capsules.

Two new species of Psidium L. (Myrtaceae) from Bahia, Brazil, are described and illustrated. Both are compared with P. cattleyanum Sabine, a possible close relative and a species with which they might be confused. Both species differ from P. cattleyanum because of their longer peduncles (2–8(–13) mm in P. cattleyanum, 10–22 mm in P. ganevii Landrum & Funch, and 12–34 mm in P. bahianum Landrum & Funch), and because the tears in the calyx do not, or scarcely, penetrate the staminal ring (in P. cattleyanum they deeply penetrate the ring). The leaf length of P. cattleyanum (to 10 cm) is intermediate between P. ganevii (to 4 cm) and P. bahianum (to 14 cm). The leaves of P. bahianum differ from P. cattleyanum in usually being ovate (not obovate), arching along the midvein, and often enfolding longitudinally; its leaf apices are usually acuminate and, when the leaf is pressed flat, often turn to one side. Psidium ganevii differs also from P. cattleyanum in often having emarginated apices; the leaves are...