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British forces deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan serves under difficult geographical and weather conditions. The importance of the different units of the Royal Air Force in supporting their ground activities is discussed.

The role that the British Army has played in earlier conflicts and missions is discussed. The main challenges facing the British Army today lie in creating an improved and reliable security force working towards military assistance, reconstruction and development.

The US joint Information Operations (IO) doctrine should be formulated in such a way that would enable victories over non-state actors in the physical environment (PE). The timely employment of specified capabilities to influence, disrupt, corrupt or usurp the adversarial information environment and decision-making while protecting the forces will improve the US military's ability to fight terrorism and insurgency.

Flexibility and mobility are the most significant characteristics of the NATO Response Force (NRF), where rapid deployability, flexibility and effective command and control are vital to achieving mission success. The new NRF Limited Interim Communications Information Systems (LINC) concept has proven its excellence after two successful demonstrations, including air transports with C-160, and only a few modifications needs to be implemented.

The Defence Advanced Research Programmes Agency (DARPA) is addressing the challenges of urban warfare through its Urban Operations programme. The technology has a great impact on the urban warfare, most of which are devised by DARPA, as it enables in dominating the battles between nation states so much that no other nation can dominate the US forces.

The US Army along with Services in the Joint Force is engaged in protecting the US security interests at home and abroad, where Aviation has played a central role in the success. The Army has made the procurement of Aircraft Survivability Equipment (ASE) as its highest priority to sustain combat operations and increase survivability for aircrews.

The momentous shift from a static confrontation between two opposing military blocs on the Central European theatre to a highly dynamic situation has not only demanded the reorganization and re-equipment of combat unit as rapid intervention forces for expeditionary operations, but also has a significant impact on support components. The bridging equipment, portable roadways, and counter-mining equipments used for enhancing mobility in expeditionary operations are discussed.

Examination of past military operations reveal that planning is very important in military operations as the decisions are made under stressful and urgent conditions where the scope and timing of engagements are unknown and outcomes are uncertain. The two examples of hostage rescue missions by Special Forces, the US Operation Eagle Claw and the UK Operation Barras are illustrated.

The Defense Logistics Organization (DLO), an important part of the UK Ministry of Defense, supports the UK armed forces all over the world through all stages of operations and exercises. The DLO supports six main operations and the lessons learnt from two of them, Operation 'Telic' that supports coalition forces in Iraq and Operation 'Herrick' that supports the International Stabilization and Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan are discussed.

NATO's selection of Transatlantic Industrial Partnership for Surveillance (TIPS) consortium' bid for its Airborne Ground Surveillance (AGS) program marks a significant step in the advancement for the Alliance's ISR capabilities. A review of the current status of the program and a study of AGS system's mixed fleet architecture and its core sensors are presented.

Spain's national air space is under the permanent control and surveillance of the 'Ejercito del Aire' (Spanish Air Force, SPAF). Gen. Francisco Jose Garcia de la Vega, Chief of Staff of the Spanish Air Force, explains how the SPAF has responded to the changing war scenario by supplementing its concept of defense against external threats with the fight against terrorism, and the establishment of special security operations in relevant occasions.

The UK troops at the beginning of operation in Iraq were accommodated in camps contracted through USA and in tented accommodation. The UK MOD chose to put in temporary accommodation at the end of hostilities, to avoid the cost and time of construction of permanent accommodation camps.

The Israel MOD in 2006 is pursuing two parallel active protection systems to satisfy Israel Defense Force Heavy, and Light Armor Protection requirements. Both systems are based on different concepts of operation and scheduled to mature for initial operation within 1 months and would be able to provide full protection from advanced RPG and ATGW attacks including those with tandem warheads.

Lieutenant General Luc Fellay, Commander Swiss Land Forces discusses and defines the main roles and missions of their forces and comments on current assets and future-oriented procurement programmes. He believes that aim of the Swiss security policy is to protect the liberty and the rights of the Swiss people and to ensure the independence and security of the nation.

General Bernard Thorette, Chief of the French Army discusses and defines the main roles and missions of their forces and comments on current assets and future-oriented procurement programmes. He states that they have developed an ambitious policy aimed at participating in the co-operation and command structures, both within the framework of NATO and of the EU in order to increase their ability to operate within coalitions.

The newly unveiled Pentagon Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) 2006 stands as a guidepost for future military applications. It is a reflection of bankable knowledge and policy judgments on the defense ministry's response to political, social and economic changes which take place from time to time, identifies threats a nation will be facing in the future and accordingly defines the appropriate size, structure, organization and equipment of the national armed forces.

The impact of combat lessons in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan on the U.S. programmes such as SCAR and XM29/XM8 are discussed. The emphasis on modularity and a widespread requirement for a heavier ammunition than the existing 5.56x45m NATO are the two trends that are evident in these operations.

The US Army is transforming into a modular capability-based unit designed within a joint networks, which is enabled by a joint and expeditionary mindset inspite of the on-going operations as of February 2005. The Army is making itself into a more lighter, faster, and more strategically agile and adaptive unit for achieving better results in its operations.

The Israeli experience in counter-terrorist warfare is assessed with US and coalition forces engaged in a violent counter-terrorist campaign in Afghanistan and Iraq. The IDF during the Low Intensive Conflict conference held in Tel Aviv, presented its considerable know-how and capability in this field that includes a need to develop esurgical operational capabilities based n stand-off precision munitions.

The general considerations on the capability requirements associated with expeditionary operations are discussed. The relationship between capability requirements derived from expeditionary operations and those stemming from a greater emphasis on homeland security are also explored.

The Chiefs of Army Staff, Army Commander or persons with equivalent position in countries worldwide present their views about the status of their service and main equipment programmes that are underway or are at the planning stage on the occasion of the eEurasatory 2004E Land Forces Equipment Exhibition.

The potential conflicts regarding the regional insecurity in Malaysia, where the reasons may be either external or internal, are discussed. Various strategies are employed to tackle the low and high intensity security conflicts, one of which is the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), which acts as the military and security option.

The avionics systems and their continuous evolution provides a fundamental contribution towards increasing the operational capabilities of modern air craft and also influences on the combat aircraft's final cost. The low observability, first-look/ first shoot/ first-kill capability, reduced pilot's workload and simplified maintenance are the fundamental requirements of the modern sensor packages for combat aircrafts.

The status of the Reinforced NATO Council (NAC) that addressed the Alliance Ground Surveillance (AGS) programme is discussed. The main issues for a NATO AGS effort to take shape are the technology transfer/sharing and industrial participation.

The different operations and missions that come under the purview of the Spanish Armed Forces and must be undertaken by them are discussed. It is admirable to note that Spanish soldiers have contributed to protecting the dignity, rights and safety of all nations and are doing amazing work.

The Latvian National Armed Forces have quite a challenge ahead in building doctrine development, training and education, equipment procurement and acquisition and personnel recruitment and retention. The key to creating a modern, capable and sustainable military force is focus on the 21st century requirements and consistent development.

The Air Force is one of the essential services of the Republic of Poland's Armed Forces and focuses on improving its skill in conducting operations within the NATO integrated Air Defence System, maintaining the combat abilities and readiness, and implementing preparations to support the Land and Naval Forces and operations beyond the national borders. Lt. Gen. Stanislaw Targosz, Commander of the Polish Air Force, describes the different units that form the Polish Air Force.

The changes aimed at fixing, expanding, and transforming the Canadian Forces (CF), particularly in its command and control and the realignment of headquarter functions are outlined by Lt. Gen. J Steve Lucas, Chief of the Air Staff and Commander of Air Command. The reorganization of 1 Canadian Air Division, along the lines of force employment and force generation, which took effect on 1 December 2005, has placed the Air Force in a better position to support the new operational commands.

The Hellenic Armed Forces (HAF) are pursuing a defensive strategy doctrine that embraces deterrence rather than avoidance of war, combining the confrontation of threats with a policy of de-escalating tensions. Lt. Gen. Georgios Avlonitis, Chief of the Hellenic Air Force General Staff, explains the HAF's plan to develop air power capable of supporting such doctrine by defending the national territory and acquiring the necessary level of control over the airspace in the areas of operation.

Admiral Panagiotis Chinofotis, Chief of Hellenic National Defense General Staff discusses and defines the main roles and missions of their forces and comments on current assets and future-oriented procurement programmes. He believes that jointness is one the most significant elements in their National Defence Doctrine and it lies at the core of all efforts undertaken to enhance the operational effectiveness of the Hellenic Armed Forces.

Lieutenant General Edward Pietrzyk, Land Forces Commander of Poland discusses and defines the main roles and missions of their forces and comments on current assets and future-oriented procurement programmes. He believes that the future Land Forces development should consider its high mobility, professionalism, and capability to conduct military operations in all climates and weather conditions.

Lieutenant General Ferenc Gyosossy, Commander of the Land Forces discusses and defines the main roles and missions of their forces and comments on current assets and future-oriented procurement programmes. He believes that the Hungarian Land Forces have entered a period of stability and qualitative development as they have completed their structural reorganization.

Lieutenant General Filiberto Cecchi, Chief of Staff of the Italian Army discusses and defines the main roles and missions of their forces and comments on current assets and future-oriented procurement programmes. He believes that the profound and continuous commitment of the Italian Army in international and homeland security tasks revealed the need for technical upgrades in many fields, such as combat power, fire support and logistics.

Lieutenant General Zlatan Kirilov Stoykov, chief of the Bulgarian Land Forces HQ discusses and defines the main roles and missions of their forces and comments on current assets and future-oriented procurement programmes. He believes that Land Forces, as dominant component of the National military power sustain land formations able to deploy and participate in defence operations in the system of Alliance collective defence, both in the national territory and abroad.

Lieutenant General Edmund Entacher, Commander of Austrian Land Forces (ALF) discusses and defines the main roles and missions of their forces and comments on current assets and future-oriented procurement programmes. He believes that ALF's ambition is to provide a framework brigade on short notice for crisis management operations (CMO).