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This technique aimed to identify the potential of an open-source software program and to present the design and fabrication procedures of a single interim crown with a nondental CAD software program. The steps included defining the margins, establishing the cement interval value, completing the virtual modeling of the crown, and checking the proximal and occlusal contacts by using color mapping., (Copyright © 2022 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A novel way to use the patient's existing ceramic crown from a nonrestorable maxillary anterior tooth as part of the interim restoration after extraction is described. The crown was fixed intraorally with a digitally designed and 3D printed resin-bonded fixed dental prosthesis framework in its pre-extraction position. The procedure maintained esthetics, optimized soft-tissue management, and provided a fixed prosthesis before implant placement in the esthetic zone., (Copyright © 2022 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Statement of Problem: Three-dimensionally (3D) printed resins have become popular as a new class of materials for making interim restorations. However, little is known about how the fabrication parameters can influence biological compatibility with oral tissues., Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of the postpolymerization time on the cytotoxicity of resins for printing interim restorations by using a 3D organotypic model of the oral mucosa., Material and Methods: Cylindrical specimens were prepared with conventional acrylic resin (AR), computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) resin (CC), composite resin (CR), and 2 resins for 3D printing (3DP) marketed as being biocompatible. The 3DPs were submitted to postpolymerization in an ultraviolet (UV) light chamber for 1, 10, or 20 minutes (90 W, 405 nm). Standard specimens of the materials were incubated for 1, 3, and 7 days in close contact with an organotypic model of keratinocytes (NOK-Si) in coculture with gingival fibroblasts (HGF) in a 3D collagen matrix, or directly with 3D HGF cultures. Then, the viability (Live/Dead n=2) and metabolism (Alamar Blue n=6) of the cells were assessed. Spectral scanning of the culture medium was performed to detect released components (n=6) and assessed statistically with ANOVA and the Tukey post hoc test (α=.05)., Results: Severe reduction of metabolism (>70%) and viability of keratinocytes occurred for 3DP resin postpolymerized for 1 minute in all periods of analysis in a time-dependent manner. The decrease in cell metabolism and viability was moderate for the 3D culture of HGFs in both experimental models, correlated with the intense presence of resin components in the culture medium. The resins postpolymerized for 10 and 20 minutes promoted a mild-moderate cytotoxic effect in the period of 1 day, similar to AR. However, recovery of cell viability occurred at the 7-day incubation period. The 3DP resins submitted to postpolymerization for 20 minutes showed a pattern similar to that of CR and CC at the end of the experiment., Conclusions: The cytotoxic potential of the tested 3DP resins on oral mucosa cells was influenced by postprinting processing, which seemed to have been related with the quantity of residual components leached., (Copyright © 2022 Editorial Council for The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The shell technique has been described for fabricating direct interim restorations by using conventional and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) methods. However, the positioning of the shell over the tooth preparations can be challenging. In the present manuscript, the clinical and laboratory steps for manufacturing a 2-piece magnet-retained shell for direct interim restoration fabrication are described. The 2-piece shell was produced by combining milling and additive manufacturing procedures. The described technique aims to simplify the correct positioning of the shell and facilitate direct interim restoration fabrication., (Copyright © 2022 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Statement of Problem: Additive manufacturing procedures for fabricating interim restorations include rinsing postprocessing procedures. However, the impact of different rinsing solutions and times on flexural strength is unknown., Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the influence of the rinsing solutions and duration, as well as accelerated aging (thermocycling) procedures, on the flexural strength and Weibull characteristics of an additively manufactured interim dental material., Material and Methods: A bar design (25×2×2 mm) file was used to fabricate all the specimens with 3D printing and an interim material (Nextdent C&B MFH). Five groups were created based on the rinsing solution used during the postprocessing procedures: 91% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (control or IPA-91), 99% IPA (IPA-99 group), bio-ethyl alcohol 100% (BE group), tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether (TPM) 100% (TPM group), and water miscible formula (Resinaway) (RA group). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups depending on the total rinsing time: 5, 6, 7, and 8 minutes (5, 6, 7, and 8 subgroups). Additionally, each subgroup was distributed between nonaged and aged thermocycling procedures (n=10). Flexural strength measurements were made by using a universal testing machine. Two-parameter Weibull distribution values, including the Weibull modulus, scale (m), and shape (0), were calculated. Three-way ANOVA and pairwise multiple comparison Tukey tests were used to analyze the data (α=.05)., Results: Three-way ANOVA showed that the rinsing solution (P<.001), rinsing time (P=.004), and thermocycling procedures (P<.001) were significant predictors of the flexural strength values obtained. The IPA-91 and IPA-99 groups obtained the highest flexural strength, while the RA, TPM, and BE groups obtained the lowest flexural strength. The 7- and 8-minute subgroups obtained the highest flexural strength, while the 5-minute subgroup obtained the lowest flexural strength. The nonaged specimens obtained significantly higher mean flexural strength values than the aged specimens., Conclusions: The vat-polymerized additively manufactured interim dental material tested with differing rinsing solutions and times demonstrated significant differences in the flexural strength values measured. Accelerated artificial aging procedures significantly decreased the flexural strength of the vat-polymerized interim dental material tested., (Copyright © 2022 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Maintaining natural-looking soft tissues around dental implants is one of the biggest challenges for the restorative team. To achieve this, the emergence profile of the preexisting teeth in the alveolus can be emulated rather than conditioning the soft tissue architecture arbitrarily. The biotransfer technique uses an interim restoration with a biologically driven emergence profile fabricated before the implant surgery., (Copyright © 2020 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This clinical report describes a patient with an osseointegrated implant and definitive restoration of the maxillary right lateral incisor who was seeking resolution of the recession of the peri-implant tissues which revealed the underlying zirconia abutment. The patient had previously received a connective tissue graft in an unsuccessful attempt to resolve the recession. An undercontoured interim restoration that allowed for soft tissue coronal migration resolved the soft tissue deficiency., (Copyright © 2018 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This article describes a workflow based on a top-down approach to provide a fixed-type immediate interim restoration after placing a single implant using a digitally driven surgical guide and a matrix-positioning device. A characteristic of the technique is that both the surgical guide and the matrix-positioning device are fabricated from a single diagnostic virtual trial restoration designed on computer-aided design (CAD) software. This workflow may shorten the time required for chairside placement of an interim restoration and enhance esthetics when rehabilitating anterior teeth., (Copyright © 2018 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The cause of some peri-implant problems may be primarily attributable to the design of the prosthesis. A screw-retained interim implant may be advisable for reversibility and to avoid peri-implant cement, although screw retention may be difficult for maxillary anterior implants with a labial angulation. In the treatment described, a interim screw-retained crown was attached to a dynamic abutment with a lingual screw access hole to obtain a correctly fitting restoration., (Copyright © 2018 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This technique is used when a single dental implant is placed. A stent made of autopolymerized acrylic resin was used to transfer the implant position to the laboratory. Once the implant position was transferred, the stone cast was scanned, and a computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) interim implant-supported crown was milled from a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) block. A titanium insert, in contact with the implant platform and not the PMMA material, was used to support the crown. The interim prosthesis was then placed intraorally. The soft tissues were sutured, and the interim prosthesis was left for a period of at least 3 months to confirm osseointegration and allow the soft tissue to heal. A CAD-CAM titanium impression coping was made and used for the definitive impression. The contours of the impression coping were identical to the contours of the interim restoration. The data of the digital design of the interim prosthesis were saved, and the definitive prosthesis was fabricated with contours identical to those of the interim prosthesis., (Copyright © 2017 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This clinical report describes a biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT) for teeth and an implant for the esthetic rehabilitation of the maxillary anterior sector. The technique was designed to create an anatomic crown with a prosthetic emergence profile that simulated the shape of the natural tooth., (Copyright © 2015 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Statement of Problem: Interim restoration materials should allow easy add-on for repair and modification; however, bis-acryl composite resins are reported to have unfavorable performance in this regard., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find a suitably effective add-on method for bis-acryl interim composite resins., Material and Methods: A control group with a new type of bis-acryl material added to the same bis-acryl disks (n=10) was compared to 9 experimental groups (n=20) divided on the basis of their surface conditions: oxygen-inhibited unpolymerized layer preserved; ground; ground and treated with a light-polymerizing bonding agent, with or without a synthetic polyester film (Mylar) cover strip to control oxygen-inhibited unpolymerized layer; with bis-acryl, bis-GMA flowable composite, or poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resins as add-on materials. PMMA specimens added with PMMA resin served as a parallel control group (n=20). Half of the experimental and PMMA control specimens were thermocycled 2000 times at 5 ±2°C and 55 ±2°C. Shear bond strength (SBS) results were then compared using 2-way and 1-way ANOVA and a Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) test (α=.05)., Results: No significant differences were found between SBS of PMMA and those of bis-acryl controls (21.74 and 17.47 MPa, respectively), with all of the experimental groups exhibiting values comparable to the controls and unaffected by thermocycling. The highest SBS (35.58 MPa) was obtained with the bis-GMA-added group, in which the surface was ground and treated with a bonding agent (P<.05). With the bis-acryl resin and bonding agent group, additional light polymerizing significantly increased the SBS from 15.58 to 23.80 MPa (P<.05)., Conclusions: Bis-acryl-based interim material has favorable add-on properties, which are improved by additional surface treatment and use of a flowable composite resin., (Copyright © 2015 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Statement of Problem: Unlike conventional loading protocols, the immediate loading of single implants has not been fully investigated., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the prosthetic and esthetic periimplant mucosal outcomes of immediately restored dental implants during a 1-year follow-up., Material and Methods: Twenty participants meeting the established inclusion criteria received double-threaded, tapered body dental implants (SuperLine; Dentium). Implants were placed and stabilized at a minimum of 35 Ncm of torque and restored immediately after the surgery with interim restorations. These were replaced with definitive restorations 6 months after implant placement. Clinical measurements at each visit included resonance frequency analysis, the evaluation of the participants' oral health (gingival and plaque indices), and the esthetic outcome of the interim or definitive restoration., Results: Implants placed in this clinical study had a 100% success rate. The oral health and esthetic outcomes were favorable for all participants., Conclusions: Double-threaded, tapered body dental implants that were placed and immediately restored with fixed interim prostheses and with definitive prostheses after 6 months remained stable and functional after 1 year., (Copyright © 2015 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Achieving proper soft tissue contours with implant restorations is important for successful esthetic outcomes, particularly in the anterior region. In some situations, clinicians may not be able to deliver interim restorations for proper gingival contouring immediately after implant placement or at the uncovering session, but only at the definitive impression session. The described technique allows clinicians to transfer the soft tissue contours of an interim implant restoration to the definitive cast at the definitive impression session for the fabrication of definitive restorations. This technique may prevent irregular soft tissue contours around definitive restorations at the placement session, thereby reducing the number of appointments., (Copyright © 2015 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Fabricating an interim screw-retained prosthesis often involves obliteration of the abutment screw access site, which later must be exposed. This frequently results in excessive preparation of the screw access site with poor esthetics and a weaker restoration. The technique described expedites the process by locating the access site and limits the size of the screw access hole preparation., (Copyright © 2015 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Statement of Problem: The discoloration of interim restorations may negatively affect a patient's perception of treatment., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of liquid polishing materials on the color stability of bis-acryl interim restorative material., Material and Methods: One hundred twenty specimens (10×2 mm) of a bis-acryl interim restorative material were divided into 3 groups. Group CO (control) was not subjected to any liquid polishing material. Groups GC and BC were polished with 2 liquid polishing materials. The specimens were then divided into 4 subgroups (n=10) and stored for 24 hours at 37°C in different staining solutions: coffee, coffee with sugar, cola, and distilled water. The color of the specimens was measured at baseline and after immersion with a spectrophotometer by using the CIE L*a*b* system, and color changes (ΔE) were calculated. The means of color change for each specimen were analyzed by 2-way and 1-way ANOVA tests. Post hoc comparisons were made with the Tukey HSD and Tamhane T2 tests., Results: The application of liquid polishing materials significantly decreased the staining of autopolymerized bis-acryl interim restorative material (P<.01). Coffee with sugar resulted in higher ΔE values than coffee without sugar or cola., Conclusions: The use of liquid polishing materials significantly decreased staining when compared with bis-acryl specimens without liquid polish. The presence of sugar in coffee increased color change compared with coffee without sugar for all groups evaluated., (Copyright © 2015 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

A technique is described in which a single interim abutment and crown were fabricated in advance and placed the day of dental implant surgery. The contours of the interim crown were identical to the contours of a tentatively designed definitive prosthesis and allowed the tissue to heal and obtain contours that accommodated the contours of the definitive prosthesis. After osseointegration was established, a definitive impression was made with a custom computer-assisted design and computer-assisted manufacturing impression coping. The definitive prosthesis then was fabricated., (Copyright © 2015 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This clinical report describes an adult patient referred for orthodontic treatment with mini-implants as anchorage to correct the root angulation of maxillary lateral incisors. The purpose of this report was to demonstrate the versatility of mini-implants placed in a vertical direction in esthetic areas. During orthodontic treatment, some aspects must be observed to preserve the interim restoration against the occlusal loads to avoid screw fracture. A fixed appliance was placed to correct the position of the maxillary anterior teeth and to complete the treatment. Acceptable esthetics and function were achieved., (Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Statement of Problem: Although 1-piece implants are associated with positive clinical outcomes, including improved implant stability, overall survival rate, and marginal bone levels, a few studies have suggested that 1-piece implants have low success rates., Purpose: This prospective multicenter study evaluated the efficacy of 1-piece implants placed in immediate function in private clinic-based and hospital-based settings with a focus on marginal bone level changes and esthetic outcomes over a 3-year follow-up period., Material and Methods: A total of 93 one-piece implants (29 maxillary, 64 mandibular) were placed in 63 participants (25 men and 38 women) at 1 university hospital and 3 private clinics. The implants were restored with interim crowns immediately after placement. Clinical and radiographic evaluations of marginal bone level, implant stability, periimplant mucosa, and plaque and papilla indices were performed at the time of implantation and after 6, 12, 24, and 36 months., Results: The 3-year cumulative implant survival rate was 100%. After implant placement, mean bone levels changed from -0.16 ±1.41 mm at 24 months to 0.40 ±1.46 mm at 36 months. Clinical parameters, including implant stability, periimplant mucosa, and plaque index, remained stable from 3 to 36 months during follow-up. The papilla index score increased over time., Conclusions: Within the limitations of this prospective study, marginal bone level was maintained, soft tissue integration was achieved, and a cumulative survival rate of 100% was obtained for 1-piece implants. The present findings indicate that 1-piece implants are an effective treatment option for immediate function situations., (Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Statement of Problem: Limited information is available concerning the properties of computer-aided designed/computer-aided manufactured (CAD/CAM) interim materials., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the flexural strength and marginal accuracy of 2 traditional bis-acryl composite resin interim materials (Protemp 4 and Structur 2 SC/QM) and 2 CAD/CAM interim materials (Teilo CAD and VITA CAD-Temp)., Material and Methods: Standard specimens (25 × 2 × 2 mm) of the 4 materials were made (n=20). Each group contained 10 specimens fractured under 3-point loading in a universal testing machine with a cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. The other 10 specimens were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles (5°C and 55°C) before testing. Four groups of interim crowns were fabricated from the 4 materials on models of a prepared left maxillary first molar (n=10). Twenty-four hours after cementing the crowns, margin discrepancies were measured under a stereomicroscope. The crowns then were subjected to 5000 thermal cycles (5°C and 55°C), and the margin discrepancies were measured again., Results: Teilo CAD showed the highest mean flexural strength of the 4 interim materials before and after thermal cycling, and VITA CAD-Temp showed the lowest (P<.05). After thermal cycling, the flexural strength decreased significantly (P<.05). The margin discrepancies were larger for the bis-acryl interim crowns than for the CAD/CAM crowns before and after thermal cycling (P<.05). After thermal cycling, the margin discrepancies in the bis-acryl interim crowns were larger (P<.05); however, no significant differences were found for the margin discrepancies in the CAD/CAM interim crowns (P>.05)., Conclusions: CAD/CAM interim materials were stronger and had better marginal accuracy properties than bis-acryl materials, especially after thermal cycling., (Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Because of the functional and esthetic requirements of patients, different techniques have been proposed to reduce the time between dental implant placement and interim restoration fabrication. This article describes a modified indexing technique by using a surgical template for open-tray impression and definitive cast development during immediate loading procedures. This technique does not use a complete impression of the oral cavity and, therefore, is more comfortable, less time consuming, and less expensive. It also allows the fabrication of interim restorations with the optimal shape for developing an adequate emergence profile., (Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This article presents an intraoral technique for fabricating single screw-retained implant-supported interim crowns immediately after surgical implant placement in extraction sites. The technique may be used with any implant system that provides a provisional abutment or an open-tray impression coping that can be modified for use as a provisional abutment., (Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Well-placed dental implants are a prerequisite of functional and esthetically successful dental implant-supported crowns. The presence of soft tissue is essential for excellent esthetics because the dental implant or titanium abutment may become visible if the soft-tissue contour is not acceptable. This clinical report describes the use of a custom ceramic implant abutment designed with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology by milling a zirconia framework that was cemented extraorally to a prefabricated titanium abutment with a reduced diameter. This ceramic abutment has the strength and precise fit of a titanium interface and also the esthetic advantages of shaded custom-milled zirconia, with no visible metal., (Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Statement of Problem: The technique of immediate implant placement is said to have success rates similar to those of implantation into a healed socket. An implant-supported restoration in an esthetic area must achieve a harmonious balance of functional, esthetic, and biologic imperatives to be considered effective., Purpose: The purpose of this clinical study was to assess the height of the interproximal gingival papillae adjacent to immediate implants with immediate loading. The hypothesis was that specific positioning of the proximal contact areas of the interim crowns would facilitate the maintenance or regeneration of the interproximal papilla., Material and Methods: Twenty-eight participants were provided implants (n=36) in the anterior maxillary area that were loaded with a specifically contoured interim crown immediately after tooth extraction. The proximal contact areas of the interim crowns were positioned 5 to 6 mm incisal to the interproximal bony crest by using a prosthetic template. Papilla height was classified according to a previously described papilla index. A comparison was made between the papilla height before the extraction, at interim crown placement after the implant placement, and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used when appropriate (Kolmogorov-Smirnov). Significance was expressed at the α=.05 level. Cross tables were used to describe the changes in the papilla index score., Results: During the 1-year follow-up, the score of the distal and mesial papilla indices increased significantly (repeated-measures Friedman exact test; P=.035 and P=.002)., Conclusions: This prospective study indicated that the use of a prosthetic template for positioning an interim crown on immediately placed implants and for ensuring that the proximal contact areas of the crown with adjacent teeth are 5 to 6 mm incisal to the interproximal bony crest does not seem to hinder the maintenance or regeneration of the height of the interproximal papillae., (Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

With conventional fixed dental prostheses, the interim restoration is a valuable diagnostic tool in the evaluation of esthetics and function. To achieve predictable definitive esthetic results, information about the subgingival and the supragingival contour of a properly designed restoration should be communicated to the dental laboratory technician. The technique described enables the accurate transfer of the soft tissue morphology developed with an interim prosthesis to the definitive cast. This modified definitive cast allows the dental laboratory technician to fabricate a restoration with an emergence profile identical to that of the interim prosthesis., (Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Implant placement and immediate placement of an interim restoration can be a safe therapeutic approach with high survival rates. The technique is often used in the anterior esthetic area because of the better preservation of the periimplant soft tissue contours. Traditionally this procedure involves the fabrication of an acrylic resin implant-supported interim restoration. This clinical report describes the modification of an existing metal ceramic crown to be used as an implant-supported interim restoration for immediate nonfunctional loading to achieve an improved esthetic result and optimal support of the adjacent soft tissues., (Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

A customized impression coping is often used in conjunction with conventional implant impression techniques to transfer a well-defined periimplant soft tissue profile resulting from an implant-supported interim restoration to the definitive cast with a removable gingival replica and achieve the desired esthetic outcome of the definitive restorations. However, a direct line of sight between the intraoral scanner and the periimplant soft tissue is needed during the data acquisition of the digital impression techniques, and it is not possible to use customized scannable impression copings to support periimplant soft tissue. This study describes a clinical technique with implant-supported interim restorations to transfer desired periimplant soft tissue profiles to the milled definitive polyurethane cast with a removable periimplant soft tissue replica to maximize the esthetic outcome of the definitive restorations., (Copyright © 2013 The Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

This article presents a technique for an accurate transfer of periimplant soft tissue contour during implant impression by combining the use of a conventional implant level impression and a silicone impression. This is an accurate and time-effective chairside procedure which produces minimal discomfort for the patient., (Copyright © 2013 The Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Implant placement in the esthetic zone requires precise preoperative diagnosis and treatment planning combined with excellent clinical skills. One of the most important factors needed to achieve an optimal esthetic outcome, in addition to the 3-dimensional (3-D) positioning of the dental implant, is to maintain or regenerate the interproximal papilla. This article describes a technique to fabricate a template that includes important aspects of rehabilitation in this area., (Copyright © 2012 The Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

In recent years the frequency of and esthetic demand for implant restorations in the esthetic zone has increased. Recent literature has revealed numerous consistent trends which may aid the clinician in achieving predictable esthetics. Maintaining generous facial bone by judicious placement as well as by using implants with diameters of less than 4 mm appears to be beneficial. Avoiding adjacent implants in the esthetic zone while maintaining an implant to tooth distance of between 2 mm and 4 mm seems to aid in bone and soft tissue maintenance. Abutment connections in which the abutment is narrower than the implant offer distinct advantages, most notably increased bone heights. Also, provisional restoration, especially early in treatment provides long-term esthetic benefits., (Copyright © 2012 The Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Residual excess cement (REC) is a common complication of cement-retained prostheses and has been linked to periimplant disease. Removal of the cement residue may result in resolution of the issue if addressed early in the disease process. However, this is dependent upon the ability to locate and adequately remove the foreign material. This series of patient scenarios describes the ability to detect REC by using dental radiography. Characteristics related to cements and flow patterns specific to implants are addressed., (Copyright © 2012 The Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Pathologic tooth migration (PTM) is a common symptom of periodontal disease and a motivation for the patient to seek dental therapy. The primary factors causing PTM are periodontitis and occlusal trauma. Comprehensive treatment for managing a moderate degree of PTM, including periodontal, orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment is described. Increasing the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) with provisional restorations was attempted to create space for retracting maxillary flared teeth. Retraction and intrusion of maxillary flared incisors were achieved by a sectional orthodontic appliance. Splinted crowns from maxillary right lateral incisor to left lateral incisor were fabricated and connected to posterior prostheses by means of attachments to prevent relapse and to provide long-term stability., (Copyright © 2011 The Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Prosthesis fracture is a common complication associated with implant-retained overdentures. A new overdenture can be strengthened by incorporating a cast metal reinforcement during processing. The authors describe a technique for converting an existing conventional nonreinforced serviceable denture into an overdenture that includes a cast metal reinforcement and its attachments., (Copyright © 2010 The Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

This article describes an indirect impression technique that accurately captures the soft tissue contours around an implant-supported provisional restoration. Customized impression copings are used to transfer the soft tissue architecture created by the interim prosthesis. The definitive restoration is shaped like the provisional restoration, maintaining the emergence profile and optimizing esthetics., (Copyright © 2010 The Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

This article describes an alternative technique for the fabrication of a complete-arch, implant-supported, cement-retained, fixed provisional restoration. The definitive cast is fabricated from the surgical guide and the provisional restoration is fabricated indirectly from the radiographic guide. This technique is an easy and time-saving procedure to fabricate an interim prosthesis for immediate or delayed loading of implants., (Copyright © 2010 The Editorial Council of the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.)

This article describes an alternative technique for the fabrication of an implant-supported, screw-retained, fixed provisional restoration in the esthetic zone. After an implant-level impression is made with a polyether impression material, the provisional restoration is fabricated indirectly. This technique is easy, saves time, and has economic advantages, while maintaining color stability and esthetic properties for the provisional restoration. It may be contraindicated for severely misaligned implants that require extensive reduction of the implant temporary abutments and denture teeth laminates.

The routine and frequent use of dental implants to replace missing teeth is accompanied by high expectations from patients. These expectations are not limited to function and esthetics but extend to patient comfort and time spent receiving treatment. Replacement of an unrestorable maxillary premolar can be challenging when considering the concerns of patients. This clinical report describes a short, simple, and cost-effective treatment option for replacing an unrestorable premolar tooth with a 1-piece implant.

This clinical report demonstrates how a clinician can objectively overcome some of the barriers associated with providing patients with predictable esthetics, in a mutually satisfactory manner. Two such barriers are identified and discussed. The first is related to psychology and patient attitude to treatment. The second is related to the actual clinical procedure. A direct mock-up technique is described which serves as an effective communication tool between the dentist, patient, and dental laboratory technician.

When a patient with a missing or failing maxillary anterior tooth desires immediate tooth replacement, fabrication of a provisional restoration can be challenging. Due to individual anatomical variations in tooth shape, size, and supporting soft and hard tissue structures, there are no premanufactured components with an anatomical emergence profile that universally suits all individual situations. This article describes the fabrication of a screw-retained immediate provisional restoration that fulfills anatomic, biologic, and esthetic requirements.