1. Gender-Based Differences by Age Range in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Spanish Observational Cohort Study
- Author
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Josa Laorden, Claudia, Crestelo Vieitez, Anxela, García Andreu, María, Rubio-Rivas, Manuel, Sánchez, Marcos, Toledo Samaniego, Neera, Arnalich Fernández, Francisco, Iguaran Bermudez, Rosario, Fonseca Aizpuru, Eva, Vargas Núñez, Juan Antonio, Pesqueira Fontan, Paula Maria, Serrano Ballesteros, Jorge, Freire Castro, Santiago, Pestaña Fernández, Melani, Viana García, Alba, Nuñez Rodriguez, Victoria, Giner Galvañ, Vicente, Carrasco Sánchez, Francisco, Hernández Milián, Almudena, Cobos Siles, Marta, Napal Lecumberri, Jose, Herrero García, Virginia, Pascual Pérez, Maria, Millán Núñez-Cortés, Jesús, Casas Rojo, José, SEMI-COVID-19 Network, UAM. Departamento de Medicina, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ)
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Multivariate analysis ,Medicina ,medicine.medical_treatment ,coronavirus ,lcsh:Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Lower risk ,Article ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Factors sexuals en les malalties ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Espanya ,Mechanical ventilation ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Mortality rate ,lcsh:R ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,Intensive care unit ,gender differences ,Spain ,Sex factors in disease ,Observational study ,Complication ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
There is some evidence that male gender could have a negative impact on the prognosis and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aim of the present study was to compare the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) between hospitalized men and women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. This multicenter, retrospective, observational study is based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry. We analyzed the differences between men and women for a wide variety of demographic, clinical, and treatment variables, and the sex distribution of the reported COVID-19 deaths, as well as intensive care unit (ICU) admission by age subgroups. This work analyzed 12,063 patients (56.8% men). The women in our study were older than the men, on average (67.9 vs. 65.7 years; p < 001). Bilateral condensation was more frequent among men than women (31.8% vs. 29.9%; p = 0.007). The men needed non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation more frequently (5.6% vs. 3.6%, p < 0.001, and 7.9% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.001, respectively). The most prevalent complication was acute respiratory distress syndrome, with severe cases in 19.9% of men (p < 0.001). In men, intensive care unit admission was more frequent (10% vs. 6.1%; p < 0.001) and the mortality rate was higher (23.1% vs. 18.9%; p < 0.001). Regarding mortality, the differences by gender were statistically significant in the age groups from 55 years to 89 years of age. A multivariate analysis showed that female sex was significantly and independently associated with a lower risk of mortality in our study. Male sex appears to be related to worse progress in COVID-19 patients and is an independent prognostic factor for mortality. In order to fully understand its prognostic impact, other factors associated with sex must be considered.
- Published
- 2021
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