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Simple Summary Phospholipase D is the most important kind of phospholipase in plants, which can specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds at the end of phospholipid molecules to produce phospholipid acid and a free group. Phospholipase D is not only involved in maintaining the structural stability of plant cell membrane and the dynamic balance of lipid composition but also involved in a variety of physiological processes, such as plant growth and development and stress response, including stomatal closure, root elongation, cell senescence, high salt stress, cold stress, and drought stress. It plays a critical role in plant growth and development, as well as in hormone and stress responses. In this study, the basic information on phospholipase D gene family was comprehensively introduced, and the physical and chemical properties, systematic evolution, gene structure, conservative motif, chromosome location, gene replication, cis-acting element prediction, GO annotation, interspecific collinearity, and quantitative analysis of potato phospholipase D gene family were analyzed to gain a better understanding of potato phospholipase D gene family. Through the analysis of potato phospholipase D gene family, our results lay the foundation for further understanding of the function of phospholipase gene family in higher plants. Abstract Phospholipase D (PLD) is the most important phospholipid hydrolase in plants, which can hydrolyze phospholipids into phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. When plants encounter low temperature, drought and high salt stress, phospholipase D and its products play an important role in regulating plant growth and development and coping with stress. In this study, 16 members of StPLD gene family were identified in potato genome, which were distributed in α, β, δ, and ζ subfamilies, and their expression patterns under salt, high temperature, drought, and ABA stress were detected by qRT-PCR method. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of StPLD genes in potato was upregulated and downregulated to varying degrees under the four stresses, indicating that the PLD gene family is involved in the interaction of potato plant hormones and abiotic stress signals. Chromosome distribution showed that StPLD gene was unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes, and only one pair of tandem repeat genes was found. All StPLD promoters contain hormone and stress-related cis-regulatory elements to respond to different stresses. Structural analysis showed that StPLD genes in the same subgroup had a similar exon–intron structure. Our study provides a valuable reference for further research of the function and structure of PLD gene.