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1. Time spent outdoors in childhood is associated with reduced risk of myopia as an adult

Author

Fred K. Chen, Seyhan Yazar, Kathryn A. Rose, David A. Mackey, Elizabeth Milne, Stuart MacGregor, Mingguang He, Cathy Williams, Minas T. Coroneo, Robyn M. Lucas, Gareth Lingham, Michael W. Clarke, Christopher J Hammond, Seang-Mei Saw, Alex W. Hewitt, Jeremy A. Guggenheim, and Leon Straker

Subjects
Adult, Male, Reduced risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, genetic structures, Epidemiology, Science, Intervention group, Logistic regression, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Leisure Activities, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Myopia, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social determinants of health, Young adult, Child, Exercise, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Public health, Odds ratio, Confidence interval, eye diseases, Risk factors, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, Biomarkers, Demography
Abstract

Myopia (near-sightedness) is an important public health issue. Spending more time outdoors can prevent myopia but the long-term association between this exposure and myopia has not been well characterised. We investigated the relationship between time spent outdoors in childhood, adolescence and young adulthood and risk of myopia in young adulthood. The Kidskin Young Adult Myopia Study (KYAMS) was a follow-up of the Kidskin Study, a sun exposure-intervention study of 1776 children aged 6–12 years. Myopia status was assessed in 303 (17.6%) KYAMS participants (aged 25–30 years) and several subjective and objective measures of time spent outdoors were collected in childhood (8–12 years) and adulthood. Index measures of total, childhood and recent time spent outdoors were developed using confirmatory factor analysis. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between a 0.1-unit change in the time outdoor indices and risk of myopia after adjusting for sex, education, outdoor occupation, parental myopia, parental education, ancestry and Kidskin Study intervention group. Spending more time outdoors during childhood was associated with reduced risk of myopia in young adulthood (multivariable odds ratio [OR] 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69, 0.98). Spending more time outdoors in later adolescence and young adulthood was associated with reduced risk of late-onset myopia (≥ 15 years of age, multivariable OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64, 0.98). Spending more time outdoors in both childhood and adolescence was associated with less myopia in young adulthood.

Published
2021
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2. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 22 loci for normal tension glaucoma with significant overlap with high tension glaucoma

Author

Santiago Diaz-Torres, Weixiong He, Regina Yu, IGGC International Glaucoma Genetics Consortium, Anthony P. Khawaja, Christopher J. Hammond, Pirro G. Hysi, Louis R. Pasquale, Yeda Wu, Michiaki Kubo, Masato Akiyama, Tin Aung, Ching-Yu Cheng, Chiea Chuen Khor, Peter Kraft, Jae H. Kang, Alex W. Hewitt, David A. Mackey, Jamie E. Craig, Janey L. Wiggs, Jue-Sheng Ong, Stuart MacGregor, and Puya Gharahkhani

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Primary open-angle glaucoma typically presents as two subtypes. This study aimed to elucidate the shared and distinct genetic architectures of normal-tension (NTG) and high-tension glaucoma (HTG), motivated by the need to develop intraocular pressure (IOP)-independent drug targets for the disease. We conducted a comprehensive multi-ethnic meta-analysis, prioritized variants based on functional annotation, and explored drug-gene interactions. We further assessed the genetic overlap between NTG and HTG using pairwise GWAS analysis. We identified 22 risk loci associated with NTG, 17 of which have not previously been reported for NTG. Two loci, BMP4 and TBKBP1, have not previously been associated with glaucoma at the genome-wide significance level. Our results indicate that while there is a significant overlap in risk loci between tension subtypes, the magnitude of the effect tends to be lower in NTG compared to HTG, particularly for IOP-related loci. Additionally, we identified a potential role for biologic immunomodulatory treatments as neuroprotective agents.

Published
2024
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3. Patient experiences and perceived value of genetic testing in inherited retinal diseases: a cross-sectional survey

Author

Alexis Ceecee Britten-Jones, Joshua Schultz, Heather G. Mack, Lisa S. Kearns, Aamira J. Huq, Jonathan B. Ruddle, David A. Mackey, Alex W. Hewitt, Thomas L. Edwards, and Lauren N. Ayton

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract This study evaluated patient experiences with genetic testing for inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and the association between underlying knowledge, testing outcomes, and the perceived value of the results. An online survey was distributed to adults with IRDs and parents/guardians of dependents with IRDs who had had genetic testing. Data included details of genetic testing, pre- and post- test perceptions, Decision Regret Scale, perceived value of results, and knowledge of gene therapy. Of 135 responses (85% from adults with IRDs), genetic testing was primarily conducted at no charge through public hospitals (49%) or in a research setting (30%). Key motivations for genetic testing were to confirm IRD diagnosis and to contribute towards research. Those who had received a genetic diagnosis (odds ratio: 6.71; p

Published
2024
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4. A village in a dish model system for population-scale hiPSC studies

Author

Drew R. Neavin, Angela M. Steinmann, Nona Farbehi, Han Sheng Chiu, Maciej S. Daniszewski, Himanshi Arora, Yasmin Bermudez, Cátia Moutinho, Chia-Ling Chan, Monique Bax, Mubarika Tyebally, Vikkitharan Gnanasambandapillai, Chuan E. Lam, Uyen Nguyen, Damián Hernández, Grace E. Lidgerwood, Robert M. Graham, Alex W. Hewitt, Alice Pébay, Nathan J. Palpant, and Joseph E. Powell

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The mechanisms by which DNA alleles contribute to disease risk, drug response, and other human phenotypes are highly context-specific, varying across cell types and different conditions. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are uniquely suited to study these context-dependent effects but cell lines from hundreds or thousands of individuals are required. Village cultures, where multiple induced pluripotent stem lines are cultured and differentiated in a single dish, provide an elegant solution for scaling induced pluripotent stem experiments to the necessary sample sizes required for population-scale studies. Here, we show the utility of village models, demonstrating how cells can be assigned to an induced pluripotent stem line using single-cell sequencing and illustrating that the genetic, epigenetic or induced pluripotent stem line-specific effects explain a large percentage of gene expression variation for many genes. We demonstrate that village methods can effectively detect induced pluripotent stem line-specific effects, including sensitive dynamics of cell states.

Published
2023
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5. Transcriptomic and proteomic retinal pigment epithelium signatures of age-related macular degeneration

Author

Anne Senabouth, Maciej Daniszewski, Grace E. Lidgerwood, Helena H. Liang, Damián Hernández, Mehdi Mirzaei, Stacey N. Keenan, Ran Zhang, Xikun Han, Drew Neavin, Louise Rooney, Maria Isabel G. Lopez Sanchez, Lerna Gulluyan, Joao A. Paulo, Linda Clarke, Lisa S. Kearns, Vikkitharan Gnanasambandapillai, Chia-Ling Chan, Uyen Nguyen, Angela M. Steinmann, Rachael A. McCloy, Nona Farbehi, Vivek K. Gupta, David A. Mackey, Guy Bylsma, Nitin Verma, Stuart MacGregor, Matthew J. Watt, Robyn H. Guymer, Joseph E. Powell, Alex W. Hewitt, and Alice Pébay

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss, and there is no approved treatment for AMD with geographic atrophy. Here, the authors used transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of patient induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium to better understand disease mechanisms.

Published
2022
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6. AAV2-mediated gene therapy for Bietti crystalline dystrophy provides functional CYP4V2 in multiple relevant cell models

Author

Jiang-Hui Wang, Grace E. Lidgerwood, Maciej Daniszewski, Monica L. Hu, Georgina E. Roberts, Raymond C. B. Wong, Sandy S. C. Hung, Michelle E. McClements, Alex W. Hewitt, Alice Pébay, Doron G. Hickey, and Thomas L. Edwards

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) is an inherited retinal disease (IRD) caused by mutations in the CYP4V2 gene. It is a relatively common cause of IRD in east Asia. A number of features of this disease make it highly amenable to gene supplementation therapy. This study aims to validate a series of essential precursor in vitro experiments prior to developing a clinical gene therapy for BCD. We demonstrated that HEK293, ARPE19, and patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived RPE cells transduced with AAV2 vectors encoding codon optimization of CYP4V2 (AAV2.coCYP4V2) resulted in elevated protein expression levels of CYP4V2 compared to those transduced with AAV2 vectors encoding wild type CYP4V2 (AAV2.wtCYP4V2), as assessed by immunocytochemistry and western blot. Similarly, we observed significantly increased CYP4V2 enzyme activity in cells transduced with AAV2.coCYP4V2 compared to those transduced with AAV2.wtCYP4V2. We also showed CYP4V2 expression in human RPE/choroid explants transduced with AAV2.coCYP4V2 compared to those transduced with AAV2.wtCYP4V2. These preclinical data support the further development of a gene supplementation therapy for a currently untreatable blinding condition—BCD. Codon-optimized CYP4V2 transgene was superior to wild type in terms of protein expression and enzyme activity. Ex vivo culture of human RPE cells provided an effective approach to test AAV-mediated transgene delivery.

Published
2022
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7. Comparative analysis of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based assays for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 genes

Author

Daniel Urrutia-Cabrera, Roxanne Hsiang-Chi Liou, Jiang-Hui Wang, Jianxiong Chan, Sandy Shen-Chi Hung, Alex W. Hewitt, Keith R. Martin, Thomas L. Edwards, Patrick Kwan, and Raymond Ching-Bong Wong

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has infected millions worldwide, therefore there is an urgent need to increase our diagnostic capacity to identify infected cases. Although RT-qPCR remains the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 detection, this method requires specialised equipment in a diagnostic laboratory and has a long turn-around time to process the samples. To address this, several groups have recently reported the development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as a simple, low cost and rapid method for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Herein we present a comparative analysis of three LAMP-based assays that target different regions of the SARS-CoV-2: ORF1ab RdRP, ORF1ab nsp3 and Gene N. We perform a detailed assessment of their sensitivity, kinetics and false positive rates for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics in LAMP or RT-LAMP reactions, using colorimetric or fluorescent detection. Our results independently validate that all three assays can detect SARS-CoV-2 in 30 min, with robust accuracy at detecting as little as 1000 RNA copies and the results can be visualised simply by color changes. Incorporation of RT-LAMP with fluorescent detection further increases the detection sensitivity to as little as 100 RNA copies. We also note the shortcomings of some LAMP-based assays, including variable results with shorter reaction time or lower load of SARS-CoV-2, and false positive results in some experimental conditions and clinical saliva samples. Overall for RT-LAMP detection, the ORF1ab RdRP and ORF1ab nsp3 assays have faster kinetics for detection but varying degrees of false positives detection, whereas the Gene N assay exhibits no false positives in 30 min reaction time, which highlights the importance of optimal primer design to minimise false-positives in RT-LAMP. This study provides validation of the performance of LAMP-based assays as a rapid, highly sensitive detection method for SARS-CoV-2, which have important implications in development of point-of-care diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2021
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8. A multi-ethnic genome-wide association study implicates collagen matrix integrity and cell differentiation pathways in keratoconus

Author

Alison J. Hardcastle, Petra Liskova, Yelena Bykhovskaya, Bennet J. McComish, Alice E. Davidson, Chris F. Inglehearn, Xiaohui Li, Hélène Choquet, Mahmoud Habeeb, Sionne E. M. Lucas, Srujana Sahebjada, Nikolas Pontikos, Karla E. Rojas Lopez, Anthony P. Khawaja, Manir Ali, Lubica Dudakova, Pavlina Skalicka, Bart T. H. Van Dooren, Annette J. M. Geerards, Christoph W. Haudum, Valeria Lo Faro, Abi Tenen, Mark J. Simcoe, Karina Patasova, Darioush Yarrand, Jie Yin, Salina Siddiqui, Aine Rice, Layal Abi Farraj, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Jugnoo S. Rahi, Ronald M. Krauss, Elisabeth Theusch, Jac C. Charlesworth, Loretta Szczotka-Flynn, Carmel Toomes, Magda A. Meester-Smoor, Andrea J. Richardson, Paul A. Mitchell, Kent D. Taylor, Ronald B. Melles, Anthony J. Aldave, Richard A. Mills, Ke Cao, Elsie Chan, Mark D. Daniell, Jie Jin Wang, Jerome I. Rotter, Alex W. Hewitt, Stuart MacGregor, Caroline C. W. Klaver, Wishal D. Ramdas, Jamie E. Craig, Sudha K. Iyengar, David O’Brart, Eric Jorgenson, Paul N. Baird, Yaron S. Rabinowitz, Kathryn P. Burdon, Chris J. Hammond, Stephen J. Tuft, and Pirro G. Hysi

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Alison Hardcastle et al. report a genome-wide meta-analysis of keratoconus, a condition affecting the cornea that causes blurred vision and often leads to blindness. They identify 36 genomic regions associated with keratoconus, 31 of which are novel, and show that the genes in these regions implicate genetic pathways involved in collagen matrix integrity and cell differentiation.

Published
2021
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9. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 127 open-angle glaucoma loci with consistent effect across ancestries

Author

Puya Gharahkhani, Eric Jorgenson, Pirro Hysi, Anthony P. Khawaja, Sarah Pendergrass, Xikun Han, Jue Sheng Ong, Alex W. Hewitt, Ayellet V. Segrè, John M. Rouhana, Andrew R. Hamel, Robert P. Igo, Helene Choquet, Ayub Qassim, Navya S. Josyula, Jessica N. Cooke Bailey, Pieter W. M. Bonnemaijer, Adriana Iglesias, Owen M. Siggs, Terri L. Young, Veronique Vitart, Alberta A. H. J. Thiadens, Juha Karjalainen, Steffen Uebe, Ronald B. Melles, K. Saidas Nair, Robert Luben, Mark Simcoe, Nishani Amersinghe, Angela J. Cree, Rene Hohn, Alicia Poplawski, Li Jia Chen, Shi-Song Rong, Tin Aung, Eranga Nishanthie Vithana, NEIGHBORHOOD consortium, ANZRAG consortium, Biobank Japan project, FinnGen study, UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium, GIGA study group, and Me Research Team, Gen Tamiya, Yukihiro Shiga, Masayuki Yamamoto, Toru Nakazawa, Hannah Currant, Ewan Birney, Xin Wang, Adam Auton, Michelle K. Lupton, Nicholas G. Martin, Adeyinka Ashaye, Olusola Olawoye, Susan E. Williams, Stephen Akafo, Michele Ramsay, Kazuki Hashimoto, Yoichiro Kamatani, Masato Akiyama, Yukihide Momozawa, Paul J. Foster, Peng T. Khaw, James E. Morgan, Nicholas G. Strouthidis, Peter Kraft, Jae H. Kang, Chi Pui Pang, Francesca Pasutto, Paul Mitchell, Andrew J. Lotery, Aarno Palotie, Cornelia van Duijn, Jonathan L. Haines, Chris Hammond, Louis R. Pasquale, Caroline C. W. Klaver, Michael Hauser, Chiea Chuen Khor, David A. Mackey, Michiaki Kubo, Ching-Yu Cheng, Jamie E. Craig, Stuart MacGregor, and Janey L. Wiggs

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is highly heritable, yet not well understood from a genetic perspective. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 34,179 POAG cases, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and mapping effects across multiple ethnicities.

Published
2021
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10. Engineering domain-inlaid SaCas9 adenine base editors with reduced RNA off-targets and increased on-target DNA editing

Author

Minh Thuan Nguyen Tran, Mohd Khairul Nizam Mohd Khalid, Qi Wang, Jacqueline K. R. Walker, Grace E. Lidgerwood, Kimberley L. Dilworth, Leszek Lisowski, Alice Pébay, and Alex W. Hewitt

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Off-target effects and the feasibility for AAV-mediated delivery are the major barriers impeding the clinical in vivo application of base editors. Here, the authors report the small size AAV-deliverable Cas9-ABE variant that has improved on-target editing efficiency and reduced RNA-off target footprint.

Published
2020
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11. Novel pleiotropic risk loci for melanoma and nevus density implicate multiple biological pathways

Author

David L. Duffy, Gu Zhu, Xin Li, Marianna Sanna, Mark M. Iles, Leonie C. Jacobs, David M. Evans, Seyhan Yazar, Jonathan Beesley, Matthew H. Law, Peter Kraft, Alessia Visconti, John C. Taylor, Fan Liu, Margaret J. Wright, Anjali K. Henders, Lisa Bowdler, Dan Glass, M. Arfan Ikram, André G. Uitterlinden, Pamela A. Madden, Andrew C. Heath, Elliot C. Nelson, Adele C. Green, Stephen Chanock, Jennifer H. Barrett, Matthew A. Brown, Nicholas K. Hayward, Stuart MacGregor, Richard A. Sturm, Alex W. Hewitt, Melanoma GWAS Consortium, Manfred Kayser, David J. Hunter, Julia A. Newton Bishop, Timothy D. Spector, Grant W. Montgomery, David A. Mackey, George Davey Smith, Tamar E. Nijsten, D. Timothy Bishop, Veronique Bataille, Mario Falchi, Jiali Han, and Nicholas G. Martin

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Melanocytic nevus count is associated with melanoma risk. In this study, a meta-analysis of 11 nevus GWAS studies identifies novel SNPs in KITLG and 9q32, and bivariate analysis with melanoma GWAS meta-analysis reveals that most nevus genes affect melanoma risk, while melanoma risk loci do not alter the nevus count.

Published
2018
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12. Cross-ancestry genome-wide association analysis of corneal thickness strengthens link between complex and Mendelian eye diseases

Author

Adriana I. Iglesias, Aniket Mishra, Veronique Vitart, Yelena Bykhovskaya, René Höhn, Henriët Springelkamp, Gabriel Cuellar-Partida, Puya Gharahkhani, Jessica N. Cooke Bailey, Colin E. Willoughby, Xiaohui Li, Seyhan Yazar, Abhishek Nag, Anthony P. Khawaja, Ozren Polašek, David Siscovick, Paul Mitchell, Yih Chung Tham, Jonathan L. Haines, Lisa S. Kearns, Caroline Hayward, Yuan Shi, Elisabeth M. van Leeuwen, Kent D. Taylor, Blue Mountains Eye Study—GWAS group, Pieter Bonnemaijer, Jerome I. Rotter, Nicholas G. Martin, Tanja Zeller, Richard A. Mills, Emmanuelle Souzeau, Sandra E. Staffieri, Jost B. Jonas, Irene Schmidtmann, Thibaud Boutin, Jae H. Kang, Sionne E. M. Lucas, Tien Yin Wong, Manfred E. Beutel, James F. Wilson, NEIGHBORHOOD Consortium, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 (WTCCC2), André G. Uitterlinden, Eranga N. Vithana, Paul J. Foster, Pirro G. Hysi, Alex W. Hewitt, Chiea Chuen Khor, Louis R. Pasquale, Grant W. Montgomery, Caroline C. W. Klaver, Tin Aung, Norbert Pfeiffer, David A. Mackey, Christopher J. Hammond, Ching-Yu Cheng, Jamie E. Craig, Yaron S. Rabinowitz, Janey L. Wiggs, Kathryn P. Burdon, Cornelia M. van Duijn, and Stuart MacGregor

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Reduced central corneal thickness (CCT) is observed in common eye diseases as well as in rare Mendelian disorders. Here, in a cross-ancestry GWAS, the authors identify 19 novel genetic loci associated with CCT, a subset of which is involved in rare corneal or connective tissue disorders.

Published
2018
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13. Publisher Correction: Novel pleiotropic risk loci for melanoma and nevus density implicate multiple biological pathways

Author

David L. Duffy, Gu Zhu, Xin Li, Marianna Sanna, Mark M. Iles, Leonie C. Jacobs, David M. Evans, Seyhan Yazar, Jonathan Beesley, Matthew H. Law, Peter Kraft, Alessia Visconti, John C. Taylor, Fan Liu, Margaret J. Wright, Anjali K. Henders, Lisa Bowdler, Dan Glass, M. Arfan Ikram, André G. Uitterlinden, Pamela A. Madden, Andrew C. Heath, Elliot C. Nelson, Adele C. Green, Stephen Chanock, Jennifer H. Barrett, Matthew A. Brown, Nicholas K. Hayward, Stuart MacGregor, Richard A. Sturm, Alex W. Hewitt, Melanoma GWAS Consortium, Manfred Kayser, David J. Hunter, Julia A. Newton Bishop, Timothy D. Spector, Grant W. Montgomery, David A. Mackey, George Davey Smith, Tamar E. Nijsten, D. Timothy Bishop, Veronique Bataille, Mario Falchi, Jiali Han, and Nicholas G. Martin

Subjects
Science
Abstract

The original version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of the authors Fan Liu and M. Arfan Ikram, which were incorrectly given as Fan Lui and Arfan M. Ikram. In addition, the original version of this Article also contained errors in the author affiliations which are detailed in the associated Publisher Correction.

Published
2019
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14. Author Correction: Cross-ancestry genome-wide association analysis of corneal thickness strengthens link between complex and Mendelian eye diseases

Author

Adriana I. Iglesias, Aniket Mishra, Veronique Vitart, Yelena Bykhovskaya, René Höhn, Henriët Springelkamp, Gabriel Cuellar-Partida, Puya Gharahkhani, Jessica N. Cooke Bailey, Colin E. Willoughby, Xiaohui Li, Seyhan Yazar, Abhishek Nag, Anthony P. Khawaja, Ozren Polašek, David Siscovick, Paul Mitchell, Yih Chung Tham, Jonathan L. Haines, Lisa S. Kearns, Caroline Hayward, Yuan Shi, Elisabeth M. van Leeuwen, Kent D. Taylor, Blue Mountains Eye Study - GWAS group, Pieter Bonnemaijer, Jerome I. Rotter, Nicholas G. Martin, Tanja Zeller, Richard A. Mills, Emmanuelle Souzeau, Sandra E. Staffieri, Jost B. Jonas, Irene Schmidtmann, Thibaud Boutin, Jae H. Kang, Sionne E. M. Lucas, Tien Yin Wong, Manfred E. Beutel, James F. Wilson, Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 2 (WTCCC2), NEIGHBORHOOD consortium, André G. Uitterlinden, Eranga N. Vithana, Paul J. Foster, Pirro G. Hysi, Alex W. Hewitt, Chiea Chuen Khor, Louis R. Pasquale, Grant W. Montgomery, Caroline C. W. Klaver, Tin Aung, Norbert Pfeiffer, David A. Mackey, Christopher J. Hammond, Ching-Yu Cheng, Jamie E. Craig, Yaron S. Rabinowitz, Janey L. Wiggs, Kathryn P. Burdon, Cornelia M. van Duijn, and Stuart MacGregor

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Emmanuelle Souzeau, who contributed to analysis of data, was inadvertently omitted from the author list in the originally published version of this Article. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Published
2019
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15. Meta-analysis of gene–environment-wide association scans accounting for education level identifies additional loci for refractive error

Author

Qiao Fan, Virginie J. M. Verhoeven, Robert Wojciechowski, Veluchamy A. Barathi, Pirro G. Hysi, Jeremy A. Guggenheim, René Höhn, Veronique Vitart, Anthony P. Khawaja, Kenji Yamashiro, S Mohsen Hosseini, Terho Lehtimäki, Yi Lu, Toomas Haller, Jing Xie, Cécile Delcourt, Mario Pirastu, Juho Wedenoja, Puya Gharahkhani, Cristina Venturini, Masahiro Miyake, Alex W. Hewitt, Xiaobo Guo, Johanna Mazur, Jenifer E. Huffman, Katie M. Williams, Ozren Polasek, Harry Campbell, Igor Rudan, Zoran Vatavuk, James F. Wilson, Peter K. Joshi, George McMahon, Beate St Pourcain, David M. Evans, Claire L. Simpson, Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An, Robert P. Igo, Alireza Mirshahi, Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire, Céline Bellenguez, Maria Blettner, Olli Raitakari, Mika Kähönen, Ilkka Seppälä, Tanja Zeller, Thomas Meitinger, Janina S. Ried, Christian Gieger, Laura Portas, Elisabeth M. van Leeuwen, Najaf Amin, André G. Uitterlinden, Fernando Rivadeneira, Albert Hofman, Johannes R. Vingerling, Ya Xing Wang, Xu Wang, Eileen Tai-Hui Boh, M. Kamran Ikram, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Preeti Gupta, Vincent Tan, Lei Zhou, Candice E. H. Ho, Wan’e Lim, Roger W. Beuerman, Rosalynn Siantar, E-Shyong Tai, Eranga Vithana, Evelin Mihailov, Chiea-Chuen Khor, Caroline Hayward, Robert N. Luben, Paul J. Foster, Barbara E. K. Klein, Ronald Klein, Hoi-Suen Wong, Paul Mitchell, Andres Metspalu, Tin Aung, Terri L. Young, Mingguang He, Olavi Pärssinen, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Jie Jin Wang, Cathy Williams, Jost B. Jonas, Yik-Ying Teo, David A. Mackey, Konrad Oexle, Nagahisa Yoshimura, Andrew D. Paterson, Norbert Pfeiffer, Tien-Yin Wong, Paul N. Baird, Dwight Stambolian, Joan E. Bailey Wilson, Ching-Yu Cheng, Christopher J. Hammond, Caroline C. W. Klaver, Seang-Mei Saw, and Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM)

Subjects
Science
Abstract

This report by the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia uses gene-environment-wide interaction study (GEWIS) to identify genetic loci that affect environmental influence in myopia development, and identifies ethnic specific genetic loci that attribute to eye refractive errors.

Published
2016
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