1. Shrinkage estimation of long-term water ingestion rates.
- Author
-
Cuvelier N and Bartell SM
- Subjects
- Humans, Nutrition Surveys, Risk Assessment, Drinking, Water
- Abstract
Background: Water consumption is a necessity for human life, though it also presents an opportunity for exposure to harmful chemicals and toxins. In order to gain a better understanding of the potential levels of chronic exposure, accurate estimates of long-term water consumption are needed., Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate long-term water consumption using a nationally representative sample of the US population., Methods: In this study, we use a random effects model to obtain shrinkage estimates of average daily water consumption for National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants from 2005 to 2010, and compare to their empirical 2-day averages., Results: Our results demonstrate that the shrinkage estimates yielded a reduction in estimated mean water consumption. The 95th percentile was reduced from 3292 to 2529 ml/day. In addition, standard deviation of water consumption for this group decreased from 1052 to 688 ml/day. Similar reductions in the mean and variance were observed stratifying by age and race., Significance: Random effects models may provide a more accurate measure of daily water consumption and could be utilized for future exposure and risk assessments., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2021
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