Search

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common complaint in urology practice and affecting the quality of life for patients. This article aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the global prevalence of LUTS overall, and according to different patient characteristics., Methods: We searched MEDLINE and Embase for population-based epidemiological studies reporting the prevalence of LUTS from inception to 1 Jan 2021. Studies which: (1) have enough information on sample size and prevalence; (2) investigate individuals aged 15 or above; and (3) have clear diagnostic criteria for LUTS. We extracted the following information: year of publication; name of the first author; study period; region of recruitment; race; age range; sex; severity; symptoms; and criteria. We pooled rate estimates with exact binomial and test score-based confidence intervals (CIs) using proportions with a random-effects model., Results: We included 222 studies from 36 countries involving 1,692,110 samples and 632,933 patients with LUTS. The overall prevalence of any and moderate-to-severe LUTS was 63.2% (95% CI = 58.0-68.1) and 31.3% (95% CI = 28.8-33.8), respectively. The most common symptom was storage symptoms (56.7%; 95% CI = 51.0-62.4), followed by voiding symptoms (36.4%; 95% CI = 27.8-45.4) and post-micturition symptoms (30.7%; 95% CI = 19.2-43.6). A higher prevalence of moderate-to-severe LUTS was observed in male subjects (35.2%; 95% CI = 32.1-38.5) and individuals aged ≥60 (39.0%; 95% CI = 33.4-44.8; I 2  = 99.9%). Its prevalence increased from 27.4% (95% CI = 24.5-30.3) in 1990-1999, to 31.9% (95% CI = 27.3-36.7) in 2000-2009 and 36.2% (95% CI = 30.7-41.9) in 2010-2019., Conclusions: This study was the first comprehensive meta-analysis examining the global prevalence of LUTS. We identified a high level of LUTS prevalence in the general population, with a higher burden in male subjects, older individuals, and the Asian population. There has been an increasing trend in the prevalence of LUTS since the 1990s., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Pot experiments were conducted to explore the effects of different rice straw returning soil on the community structure and function of bacteria in rice root, rhizosphere, leaf and phyllosphere under 7 conditions of rice straw combined with different fertilizers respectively. The results showed that: rice straw returning in different ways increased the content of soil pH and K, and reduced the accumulation of N, P and organic matter in soil, and different rice straw returning ways had different effects; rice straw returning reduced dry weight of rice grain, 2% of rice straw returning reduced rice grain greater than that of 1% rice straw returning; The reduction of NP combined fertilization is greater than that of NK combined fertilization and NPK combined fertilization. Except for the decrease of chao_1 index in rice root at maturity, rice straw returning significantly improved the abundance, diversity and evenness of bacteria in rice root, rhizosphere, leaf and phyllosphere. Rice straw returning increased the content of REEs in rice, and 2% of rice straw returning soil increased rare earth element (REE) content in rice grain greater than that of 1% rice straw returning soil. Different ways of rice straw returning soil reduced the abundance of Bacillus, while the abundance of Exiguobacterium in rice leaves was hundreds of times higher than that of the control group, and the genus in leaves was dozens of times higher than that of the control group, 2% of rice straw returning soil increased the abundance of harmful bacteria and pathogens of Acidovorax, Clostridium sensu stricto, Citrobacter, Curtobacterium, and 1% of rice straw returning soil promoted the abundance of nitrogen fixing bacteria, plant growth-promoting bacteria, stress resistant bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Azospira, Acinetobacter, Bradyrhizobium and Acidocella; Environmental factors such as available P, organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, rare earth element content in rice roots, available K and soil moisture are important factors affecting the community structure of bacteria in rice roots, rhizosphere, leaf and phyllosphere at tillering stage of the rice. pH, REE content in rice roots, shoots, organic matter, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and soil moisture content are the main environmental factors affecting the community structure of bacteria in rice roots, rhizosphere, leaf and phyllosphere at maturity stage of rice. 2% rice straw returning soil promoted the formation of harmful bacteria, which may be an important reason for its significant reduction in the dry weight of rice grains., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The effects of rare earth mining on rice biomass, rare earth element (REE) content and bacterial community structure was studied through pot experiment. The research shows that the REE content in rice roots, shoots and grains was significantly positive correlated with that in soil, and the dry weight of rice roots, shoots and grains was highly correlated with soil physical and chemical properties, nutrient elements and REE contents; The exploitation of rare earth minerals inhibited a-diversity of endophytic bacteria in rhizosphere, root, phyllosphere and leaf of rice, significantly reduced the abundance index, OTU number, Chao, Ace index and also significantly reduced the diversity index-Shannon index, and also reduced uniformity index: Pielou's evenness index, which caused β-diversity of bacteria to be quite different. The exploitation of rare earth minerals reduces the diversity of bacteria, but forms dominant bacteria, such as Burkholderia, Bacillus, Buttiauxella, Acinetobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Candida koribacter, which can degrade the pollutants formed by exploitation of rare earth minerals, alleviate the compound pollution of rare earth and ammonia nitrogen, and also has the function of fixing nitrogen and resisting rare earth stress; The content of soil available phosphorus in no-mining area is lower, and the dominant bacteria of Pantoea formed in such soil, which has the function of improving soil phosphorus availability. Rare earth elements and physical and chemical properties of soil affect the community structure of bacteria in rhizosphere and phyllosphere of rice, promote the parallel movement of some bacteria in rhizosphere, root, phyllosphere and leaf of rice, promote the construction of community structure of bacteria in rhizosphere and phyllosphere of rice, give full play to the growth promoting function of Endophytes, and promote the growth of rice. The results showed that the exploitation of rare earth minerals has formed the dominant endophytic bacteria of rice and ensured the yield of rice in the mining area, however, the mining of mineral resources causes the compound pollution of rare earth and ammonia nitrogen, which makes REE content of rice in mining area significantly higher than that in non-mining area, and the excessive rare earth element may enter the human body through the food chain and affect human health, so the food security in the REE mining area deserves more attention., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of rice straw (RS) and rice straw ash (RSA) on the growth of early rice and α-diversity of bacterial community in soils around rare earth mining areas of Xunwu and Xinfeng counties in South Jiangxi of China. The results showed that the exploitation of rare earth resources leads to soil pollution around rare earth mining areas and affects the growth of rice, and the content of rare earth elements (REEs) in rice was positively correlated with that in soils and negative correlated with dry weight of rice; The addition of RS to soils around REE mining area can inhibit growth of early rice, and the dry weight of rice grains, shoots, roots is lower when compared with the controls, while the content of REEs is higher. The α-diversity of soil bacterial decreases, which promotes the growth of Pseudorhodoferax, Phenylobacterium and other bacteria of the same kind, and inhibits the growth of beneficial bacteria. The addition of RSA to soils had no significant effect on α-diversity of soil bacterial but promoted the growth of Azospira and other beneficial bacteria, inhibited the growth of Bryobacter and other bacteria of the same kind, significantly improved the dry weight of grains, shoots and roots of early rice, and reduced the content of REEs in these parts of rice. It can be concluded that RS is unsuitable to be added to the planting soil of early rice in REE mining area, while RSA is suitable.