1. Hyaluronic acid family in bladder cancer: potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets
- Author
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Daley S. Morera, Luis E. Lopez, Jiaojiao Wang, Travis Yates, Mario W. Kramer, Nicolas Ortiz, Vinata B. Lokeshwar, Martha K. Terris, Georgios Kallifatidis, Andre R. Jordan, Martin S Hennig, Michael Garcia-Roig, Soum D. Lokeshwar, Murugesan Manoharan, Asif Talukder, Axel S. Merseburger, and Mark S. Soloway
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ,Mice, Nude ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,Metastasis ,4-methylumbelliferone ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hyaluronic acid ,hyaluronic acid ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,Protein kinase B ,Bladder cancer ,biology ,business.industry ,CD44 ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,3. Good health ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,chemistry ,targeted treatment ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Apoptosis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Biomarker (medicine) ,bladder cancer ,biomarker ,business ,Translational Therapeutics ,Hymecromone - Abstract
Background: Molecular markers of clinical outcome may aid in designing targeted treatments for bladder cancer. However, only a few bladder cancer biomarkers have been examined as therapeutic targets. Methods: Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and bladder specimens were evaluated to determine the biomarker potential of the hyaluronic acid (HA) family of molecules – HA synthases, HA receptors and hyaluronidase. The therapeutic efficacy of 4-methylumbelliferone (4MU), a HA synthesis inhibitor, was evaluated in vitro and in xenograft models. Results: In clinical specimens and TCGA data sets, HA synthases and hyaluronidase-1 levels significantly predicted metastasis and poor survival. 4-Methylumbelliferone inhibited proliferation and motility/invasion and induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells. Oral administration of 4MU both prevented and inhibited tumour growth, without dose-related toxicity. Effects of 4MU were mediated through the inhibition of CD44/RHAMM and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT axis, and of epithelial–mesenchymal transition determinants. These were attenuated by HA, suggesting that 4MU targets oncogenic HA signalling. In tumour specimens and the TCGA data set, HA family expression correlated positively with β-catenin, Twist and Snail expression, but negatively with E-cadherin expression. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the HA family can be exploited for developing a biomarker-driven, targeted treatment for bladder cancer, and 4MU, a non-toxic oral HA synthesis inhibitor, is one such candidate.
- Published
- 2017