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14 results on '"Price, AL"'

1. Shared heritability and functional enrichment across six solid cancers (vol 10, 431, 2019)

Author

Jiang, X, Finucane, HK, Schumacher, FR, Schmit, SL, Tyrer, JP, Han, Y, Michailidou, K, Lesseur, C, Kuchenbaecker, KB, Dennis, J, Conti, DV, Casey, G, Gaudet, MM, Huyghe, JR, Albanes, D, Aldrich, MC, Andrew, AS, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Antoniou, AC, Antonenkova, NN, Arnold, SM, Aronson, KJ, Arun, BK, Bandera, EV, Barkardottir, RB, Barnes, DR, Batra, J, Beckmann, MW, Benitez, J, Benlloch, S, Berchuck, A, Berndt, SI, Bickeboller, H, Bien, SA, Blomqvist, C, Boccia, S, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Brenton, JD, Brook, MN, Brunet, J, Brunnstrom, H, Buchanan, DD, Burwinkel, B, Butzow, R, Cadoni, G, Caldes, T, Caligo, MA, Campbell, I, Campbell, PT, Cancel-Tassin, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Campa, D, Caporaso, N, Carvalho, AL, Chan, AT, Chang-Claude, J, Chanock, SJ, Chen, C, Christiani, DC, Claes, KBM, Claessens, F, Clements, J, Collee, JM, Correa, MC, Couch, FJ, Cox, A, Cunningham, JM, Cybulski, C, Czene, K, Daly, MB, deFazio, A, Devilee, P, Diez, O, Gago-Dominguez, M, Donovan, JL, Dork, T, Duell, EJ, Dunning, AM, Dwek, M, Eccles, DM, Edlund, CK, Edwards, DRV, Ellberg, C, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Ferris, RL, Liloglou, T, Figueiredo, JC, Fletcher, O, Fortner, RT, Fostira, F, Franceschi, S, Friedman, E, Gallinger, SJ, Ganz, PA, Garber, J, Garcia-Saenz, JA, Gayther, SA, Giles, GG, Godwin, AK, Goldberg, MS, Goldgar, DE, Goode, EL, Goodman, MT, Goodman, G, Grankvist, K, Greene, MH, Gronberg, H, Gronwald, J, Guenel, P, Hakansson, N, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Hamdy, FC, Hamilton, RJ, Hampe, J, Haugen, A, Heitz, F, Herrero, R, Hillemanns, P, Hoffmeister, M, Hogdall, E, Hong, Y-C, Hopper, JL, Houlston, R, Hulick, PJ, Hunter, DJ, Huntsman, DG, Idos, G, Imyanitov, EN, Ingles, SA, Isaacs, C, Jakubowska, A, James, P, Jenkins, MA, Johansson, M, John, EM, Joshi, AD, Kaneva, R, Karlan, BY, Kelemen, LE, Kuehl, T, Khaw, K-T, Khusnutdinova, E, Kibel, AS, Kiemeney, LA, Kim, J, Kjaer, SK, Knight, JA, Kogevinas, M, Kote-Jarai, Z, Koutros, S, Kristensen, VN, Kupryjanczyk, J, Lacko, M, Lam, S, Lambrechts, D, Landi, MT, Lazarus, P, Le, ND, Lee, E, Lejbkowicz, F, Lenz, H-J, Leslie, G, Lessel, D, Lester, J, Levine, DA, Li, L, Li, CI, Lindblom, A, Lindor, NM, Liu, G, Loupakis, F, Lubinski, J, Maehle, L, Maier, C, Mannermaa, A, Le Marchand, L, Margolin, S, May, T, McGuffog, L, Meindl, A, Middha, P, Miller, A, Milne, RL, MacInnis, RJ, Modugno, F, Montagna, M, Moreno, V, Moysich, KB, Mucci, L, Muir, K, Mulligan, AM, Nathanson, KL, Neal, DE, Ness, AR, Neuhausen, SL, Nevanlinna, H, Newcomb, PA, Newcomb, LF, Nielsen, FC, Nikitina-Zake, L, Nordestgaard, BG, Nussbaum, RL, Offit, K, Olah, E, Al Olama, AA, Olopade, OI, Olshan, AF, Olsson, H, Osorio, A, Pandha, H, Park, JY, Pashayan, N, Parsons, MT, Pejovic, T, Penney, KL, Peters, WHM, Phelan, CM, Phipps, AI, Plaseska-Karanfilska, D, Pring, M, Prokofyeva, D, Radice, P, Stefansson, K, Ramus, SJ, Raskin, L, Rennert, G, Rennert, HS, van Rensburg, EJ, Riggan, MJ, Risch, HA, Risch, A, Roobol, MJ, Rosenstein, BS, Rossing, MA, De Ruyck, K, Saloustros, E, Sandler, DP, Sawyer, EJ, Schabath, MB, Schleutker, J, Schmidt, MK, Setiawan, VW, Shen, H, Siegel, EM, Sieh, W, Singer, CF, Slattery, ML, Sorensen, KD, Southey, MC, Spurdle, AB, Stanford, JL, Stevens, VL, Stintzing, S, Stone, J, Sundfeldt, K, Sutphen, R, Swerdlow, AJ, Tajara, EH, Tangen, CM, Tardon, A, Taylor, JA, Teare, MD, Teixeira, MR, Terry, MB, Terry, KL, Thibodeau, SN, Thomassen, M, Bjorge, L, Tischkowitz, M, Toland, AE, Torres, D, Townsend, PA, Travis, RC, Tung, N, Tworoger, SS, Ulrich, CM, Usmani, N, Vachon, CM, Van Nieuwenhuysen, E, Vega, A, Elias Aguado-Barrera, M, Wang, Q, Webb, PM, Weinberg, CR, Weinstein, S, Weissler, MC, Weitzel, JN, West, CML, White, E, Whittemore, AS, Wichmann, H-E, Wiklund, F, Winqvist, R, Wolk, A, Woll, P, Woods, M, Wu, AH, Wu, X, Yannoukakos, D, Zheng, W, Zienolddiny, S, Ziogas, A, Zorn, KK, Lane, JM, Saxena, R, Thomas, D, Hung, RJ, Diergaarde, B, McKay, J, Peters, U, Hsu, L, Garcia-Closas, M, Eeles, RA, Chenevix-Trench, G, Brennan, PJ, Haiman, CA, Simard, J, Easton, DF, Gruber, SB, Pharoah, PDP, Price, AL, Pasaniuc, B, Amos, CI, Kraft, P, Lindstrom, S, Jiang, X, Finucane, HK, Schumacher, FR, Schmit, SL, Tyrer, JP, Han, Y, Michailidou, K, Lesseur, C, Kuchenbaecker, KB, Dennis, J, Conti, DV, Casey, G, Gaudet, MM, Huyghe, JR, Albanes, D, Aldrich, MC, Andrew, AS, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Antoniou, AC, Antonenkova, NN, Arnold, SM, Aronson, KJ, Arun, BK, Bandera, EV, Barkardottir, RB, Barnes, DR, Batra, J, Beckmann, MW, Benitez, J, Benlloch, S, Berchuck, A, Berndt, SI, Bickeboller, H, Bien, SA, Blomqvist, C, Boccia, S, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Brenton, JD, Brook, MN, Brunet, J, Brunnstrom, H, Buchanan, DD, Burwinkel, B, Butzow, R, Cadoni, G, Caldes, T, Caligo, MA, Campbell, I, Campbell, PT, Cancel-Tassin, G, Cannon-Albright, L, Campa, D, Caporaso, N, Carvalho, AL, Chan, AT, Chang-Claude, J, Chanock, SJ, Chen, C, Christiani, DC, Claes, KBM, Claessens, F, Clements, J, Collee, JM, Correa, MC, Couch, FJ, Cox, A, Cunningham, JM, Cybulski, C, Czene, K, Daly, MB, deFazio, A, Devilee, P, Diez, O, Gago-Dominguez, M, Donovan, JL, Dork, T, Duell, EJ, Dunning, AM, Dwek, M, Eccles, DM, Edlund, CK, Edwards, DRV, Ellberg, C, Evans, DG, Fasching, PA, Ferris, RL, Liloglou, T, Figueiredo, JC, Fletcher, O, Fortner, RT, Fostira, F, Franceschi, S, Friedman, E, Gallinger, SJ, Ganz, PA, Garber, J, Garcia-Saenz, JA, Gayther, SA, Giles, GG, Godwin, AK, Goldberg, MS, Goldgar, DE, Goode, EL, Goodman, MT, Goodman, G, Grankvist, K, Greene, MH, Gronberg, H, Gronwald, J, Guenel, P, Hakansson, N, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Hamdy, FC, Hamilton, RJ, Hampe, J, Haugen, A, Heitz, F, Herrero, R, Hillemanns, P, Hoffmeister, M, Hogdall, E, Hong, Y-C, Hopper, JL, Houlston, R, Hulick, PJ, Hunter, DJ, Huntsman, DG, Idos, G, Imyanitov, EN, Ingles, SA, Isaacs, C, Jakubowska, A, James, P, Jenkins, MA, Johansson, M, John, EM, Joshi, AD, Kaneva, R, Karlan, BY, Kelemen, LE, Kuehl, T, Khaw, K-T, Khusnutdinova, E, Kibel, AS, Kiemeney, LA, Kim, J, Kjaer, SK, Knight, JA, Kogevinas, M, Kote-Jarai, Z, Koutros, S, Kristensen, VN, Kupryjanczyk, J, Lacko, M, Lam, S, Lambrechts, D, Landi, MT, Lazarus, P, Le, ND, Lee, E, Lejbkowicz, F, Lenz, H-J, Leslie, G, Lessel, D, Lester, J, Levine, DA, Li, L, Li, CI, Lindblom, A, Lindor, NM, Liu, G, Loupakis, F, Lubinski, J, Maehle, L, Maier, C, Mannermaa, A, Le Marchand, L, Margolin, S, May, T, McGuffog, L, Meindl, A, Middha, P, Miller, A, Milne, RL, MacInnis, RJ, Modugno, F, Montagna, M, Moreno, V, Moysich, KB, Mucci, L, Muir, K, Mulligan, AM, Nathanson, KL, Neal, DE, Ness, AR, Neuhausen, SL, Nevanlinna, H, Newcomb, PA, Newcomb, LF, Nielsen, FC, Nikitina-Zake, L, Nordestgaard, BG, Nussbaum, RL, Offit, K, Olah, E, Al Olama, AA, Olopade, OI, Olshan, AF, Olsson, H, Osorio, A, Pandha, H, Park, JY, Pashayan, N, Parsons, MT, Pejovic, T, Penney, KL, Peters, WHM, Phelan, CM, Phipps, AI, Plaseska-Karanfilska, D, Pring, M, Prokofyeva, D, Radice, P, Stefansson, K, Ramus, SJ, Raskin, L, Rennert, G, Rennert, HS, van Rensburg, EJ, Riggan, MJ, Risch, HA, Risch, A, Roobol, MJ, Rosenstein, BS, Rossing, MA, De Ruyck, K, Saloustros, E, Sandler, DP, Sawyer, EJ, Schabath, MB, Schleutker, J, Schmidt, MK, Setiawan, VW, Shen, H, Siegel, EM, Sieh, W, Singer, CF, Slattery, ML, Sorensen, KD, Southey, MC, Spurdle, AB, Stanford, JL, Stevens, VL, Stintzing, S, Stone, J, Sundfeldt, K, Sutphen, R, Swerdlow, AJ, Tajara, EH, Tangen, CM, Tardon, A, Taylor, JA, Teare, MD, Teixeira, MR, Terry, MB, Terry, KL, Thibodeau, SN, Thomassen, M, Bjorge, L, Tischkowitz, M, Toland, AE, Torres, D, Townsend, PA, Travis, RC, Tung, N, Tworoger, SS, Ulrich, CM, Usmani, N, Vachon, CM, Van Nieuwenhuysen, E, Vega, A, Elias Aguado-Barrera, M, Wang, Q, Webb, PM, Weinberg, CR, Weinstein, S, Weissler, MC, Weitzel, JN, West, CML, White, E, Whittemore, AS, Wichmann, H-E, Wiklund, F, Winqvist, R, Wolk, A, Woll, P, Woods, M, Wu, AH, Wu, X, Yannoukakos, D, Zheng, W, Zienolddiny, S, Ziogas, A, Zorn, KK, Lane, JM, Saxena, R, Thomas, D, Hung, RJ, Diergaarde, B, McKay, J, Peters, U, Hsu, L, Garcia-Closas, M, Eeles, RA, Chenevix-Trench, G, Brennan, PJ, Haiman, CA, Simard, J, Easton, DF, Gruber, SB, Pharoah, PDP, Price, AL, Pasaniuc, B, Amos, CI, Kraft, P, and Lindstrom, S

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2019

2. Atlas of prostate cancer heritability in European and African-American men pinpoints tissue-specific regulation

Author

Gusev, A, Shi, H, Kichaev, G, Pomerantz, M, Li, F, Long, HW, Ingles, SA, Kittles, RA, Strom, SS, Rybicki, BA, Nemesure, B, Isaacs, WB, Zheng, W, Pettaway, CA, Yeboah, ED, Tettey, Y, Biritwum, RB, Adjei, AA, Tay, E, Truelove, A, Niwa, S, Chokkalingam, AP, John, EM, Murphy, AB, Signorello, LB, Carpten, J, Leske, MC, Wu, S-Y, Hennis, AJM, Neslund-Dudas, C, Hsing, AW, Chu, L, Goodman, PJ, Klein, EA, Witte, JS, Casey, G, Kaggwa, S, Cook, MB, Stram, DO, Blot, WJ, Eeles, RA, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, Southey, MC, Fitzgerald, LM, Gronberg, H, Wiklund, F, Aly, M, Henderson, BE, Schleutker, J, Wahlfors, T, Tammela, TLJ, Nordestgaard, BG, Key, TJ, Travis, RC, Neal, DE, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, FC, Pharoah, P, Pashayan, N, Khaw, K-T, Stanford, JL, Thibodeau, SN, McDonnell, SK, Schaid, DJ, Maier, C, Vogel, W, Luedeke, M, Herkommer, K, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Wokolorczyk, D, Kluzniak, W, Cannon-Albright, L, Teerlink, C, Brenner, H, Dieffenbach, AK, Arndt, V, Park, JY, Sellers, TA, Lin, H-Y, Slavov, C, Kaneva, R, Mitev, V, Batra, J, Spurdle, A, Clements, JA, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Michael, A, Paulo, P, Maia, S, Kierzek, A, Conti, DV, Albanes, D, Berg, C, Berndt, SI, Campa, D, Crawford, ED, Diver, WR, Gapstur, SM, Gaziano, JM, Giovannucci, E, Hoover, R, Hunter, DJ, Johansson, M, Kraft, P, Le Marchand, L, Lindstrom, S, Navarro, C, Overvad, K, Riboli, E, Siddiq, A, Stevens, VL, Trichopoulos, D, Vineis, P, Yeager, M, Trynka, G, Raychaudhuri, S, Schumacher, FR, Price, AL, Freedman, ML, Haiman, CA, Pasaniuc, B, Cook, M, Guy, M, Govindasami, K, Leongamornlert, D, Sawyer, EJ, Wilkinson, R, Saunders, EJ, Tymrakiewicz, M, Dadaev, T, Morgan, A, Fisher, C, Hazel, S, Livni, N, Lophatananon, A, Pedersen, J, Hopper, JL, Adolfson, J, Stattin, P, Johansson, J-E, Cavalli-Bjoerkman, C, Karlsson, A, Broms, M, Auvinen, A, Kujala, P, Maeaettaenen, L, Murtola, T, Taari, K, Weischer, M, Nielsen, SF, Klarskov, P, Roder, A, Iversen, P, Wallinder, H, Gustafsson, S, Cox, A, Brown, P, George, A, Marsden, G, Lane, A, Davis, M, Tillmans, L, Riska, S, Wang, L, Rinckleb, A, Lubiski, J, Stegmaier, C, Pow-Sang, J, Park, H, Radlein, S, Rincon, M, Haley, J, Zachariah, B, Kachakova, D, Popov, E, Mitkova, A, Vlahova, A, Dikov, T, Christova, S, Heathcote, P, Wood, G, Malone, G, Saunders, P, Eckert, A, Yeadon, T, Kerr, K, Collins, A, Turner, M, Srinivasan, S, Kedda, M-A, Alexander, K, Omara, T, Wu, H, Henrique, R, Pinto, P, Santos, J, Barros-Silva, J, and Consortium, PRACTICAL

Subjects
urologic and male genital diseases
Abstract

Although genome-wide association studies have identified over 100 risk loci that explain ~33% of familial risk for prostate cancer (PrCa), their functional effects on risk remain largely unknown. Here we use genotype data from 59,089 men of European and African American ancestries combined with cell-type-specific epigenetic data to build a genomic atlas of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) heritability in PrCa. We find significant differences in heritability between variants in prostate-relevant epigenetic marks defined in normal versus tumour tissue as well as between tissue and cell lines. The majority of SNP heritability lies in regions marked by H3k27 acetylation in prostate adenoc7arcinoma cell line (LNCaP) or by DNaseI hypersensitive sites in cancer cell lines. We find a high degree of similarity between European and African American ancestries suggesting a similar genetic architecture from common variation underlying PrCa risk. Our findings showcase the power of integrating functional annotation with genetic data to understand the genetic basis of PrCa.

Published
2016

3. Contrasting genetic architectures of schizophrenia and other complex diseases using fast variance-components analysis

Author

Loh, P-R, Bhatia, G, Gusev, A, Finucane, HK, Bulik-Sullivan, BK, Pollack, SJ, de Candia, TR, Lee, SH, Wray, NR, Kendler, KS, O'Donovan, MC, Neale, BM, Patterson, N, Price, AL, Loh, P-R, Bhatia, G, Gusev, A, Finucane, HK, Bulik-Sullivan, BK, Pollack, SJ, de Candia, TR, Lee, SH, Wray, NR, Kendler, KS, O'Donovan, MC, Neale, BM, Patterson, N, and Price, AL

Abstract

Heritability analyses of genome-wide association study (GWAS) cohorts have yielded important insights into complex disease architecture, and increasing sample sizes hold the promise of further discoveries. Here we analyze the genetic architectures of schizophrenia in 49,806 samples from the PGC and nine complex diseases in 54,734 samples from the GERA cohort. For schizophrenia, we infer an overwhelmingly polygenic disease architecture in which ≥71% of 1-Mb genomic regions harbor ≥1 variant influencing schizophrenia risk. We also observe significant enrichment of heritability in GC-rich regions and in higher-frequency SNPs for both schizophrenia and GERA diseases. In bivariate analyses, we observe significant genetic correlations (ranging from 0.18 to 0.85) for several pairs of GERA diseases; genetic correlations were on average 1.3 tunes stronger than the correlations of overall disease liabilities. To accomplish these analyses, we developed a fast algorithm for multicomponent, multi-trait variance-components analysis that overcomes prior computational barriers that made such analyses intractable at this scale.

Published
2015

4. Large-scale genomic analyses link reproductive aging to hypothalamic signaling, breast cancer susceptibility and BRCA1-mediated DNA repair

Author

Day, FR, Ruth, KS, Thompson, DJ, Lunetta, KL, Pervjakova, N, Chasman, DI, Stolk, L, Finucane, HK, Sulem, P, Bulik-Sullivan, B, Esko, T, Johnson, AD, Elks, CE, Franceschini, N, He, C, Altmaier, E, Brody, JA, Franke, LL, Huffman, JE, Keller, MF, McArdle, PF, Nutile, T, Porcu, E, Robino, A, Rose, LM, Schick, UM, Smith, JA, Teumer, A, Traglia, M, Vuckovic, D, Yao, J, Zhao, W, Albrecht, E, Amin, N, Corre, T, Hottenga, J-J, Mangino, M, Smith, AV, Tanaka, T, Abecasis, GR, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Antoniou, AC, Arndt, V, Arnold, AM, Barbieri, C, Beckmann, MW, Beeghly-Fadiel, A, Benitez, J, Bernstein, L, Bielinski, SJ, Blomqvist, C, Boerwinkle, E, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Borresen-Dale, A-L, Boutin, TS, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Bruening, T, Burwinkel, B, Campbell, A, Campbell, H, Chanock, SJ, Chapman, JR, Chen, Y-DI, Chenevix-Trench, G, Couch, FJ, Coviello, AD, Cox, A, Czene, K, Darabi, H, De Vivo, I, Demerath, EW, Dennis, J, Devilee, P, Doerk, T, dos-Santos-Silva, I, Dunning, AM, Eicher, JD, Fasching, PA, Faul, JD, Figueroa, J, Flesch-Janys, D, Gandin, I, Garcia, ME, Garcia-Closas, M, Giles, GG, Girotto, GG, Goldberg, MS, Gonzalez-Neira, A, Goodarzi, MO, Grove, ML, Gudbjartsson, DF, Guenel, P, Guo, X, Haiman, CA, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Henderson, BE, Hocking, LJ, Hofman, A, Homuth, G, Hooning, MJ, Hopper, JL, Hu, FB, Huang, J, Humphreys, K, Hunter, DJ, Jakubowska, A, Jones, SE, Kabisch, M, Karasik, D, Knight, JA, Kolcic, I, Kooperberg, C, Kosma, V-M, Kriebel, J, Kristensen, V, Lambrechts, D, Langenberg, C, Li, J, Li, X, Lindstroem, S, Liu, Y, Luan, J, Lubinski, J, Maegi, R, Mannermaa, A, Manz, J, Margolin, S, Marten, J, Martin, NG, Masciullo, C, Meindl, A, Michailidou, K, Mihailov, E, Milani, L, Milne, RL, Mueller-Nurasyid, M, Nalls, M, Neale, BM, Nevanlinna, H, Neven, P, Newman, AB, Nordestgaard, BG, Olson, JE, Padmanabhan, S, Peterlongo, P, Peters, U, Petersmann, A, Peto, J, Pharoah, PDP, Pirastu, NN, Pirie, A, Pistis, G, Polasek, O, Porteous, D, Psaty, BM, Pylkas, K, Radice, P, Raffel, LJ, Rivadeneira, F, Rudan, I, Rudolph, A, Ruggiero, D, Sala, CF, Sanna, S, Sawyer, EJ, Schlessinger, D, Schmidt, MK, Schmidt, F, Schmutzler, RK, Schoemaker, MJ, Scott, RA, Seynaeve, CM, Simard, J, Sorice, R, Southey, MC, Stoeckl, D, Strauch, K, Swerdlow, A, Taylor, KD, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Toland, AE, Tomlinson, I, Truong, T, Tryggvadottir, L, Turner, ST, Vozzi, D, Wang, Q, Wellons, M, Willemsen, G, Wilson, JF, Winqvist, R, Wolffenbuttel, BBHR, Wright, AF, Yannoukakos, D, Zemunik, T, Zheng, W, Zygmunt, M, Bergmann, S, Boomsma, DI, Buring, JE, Ferrucci, L, Montgomery, GW, Gudnason, V, Spector, TD, van Duijn, CM, Alizadeh, BZ, Ciullo, M, Crisponi, L, Easton, DF, Gasparini, PP, Gieger, C, Harris, TB, Hayward, C, Kardia, SLR, Kraft, P, McKnight, B, Metspalu, A, Morrison, AC, Reiner, AP, Ridker, PM, Rotter, JI, Toniolo, D, Uitterlinden, AG, Ulivi, S, Voelzke, H, Wareham, NJ, Weir, DR, Yerges-Armstrong, LM, Price, AL, Stefansson, K, Visser, JA, Ong, KK, Chang-Claude, J, Murabito, JM, Perry, JRB, Murray, A, Day, FR, Ruth, KS, Thompson, DJ, Lunetta, KL, Pervjakova, N, Chasman, DI, Stolk, L, Finucane, HK, Sulem, P, Bulik-Sullivan, B, Esko, T, Johnson, AD, Elks, CE, Franceschini, N, He, C, Altmaier, E, Brody, JA, Franke, LL, Huffman, JE, Keller, MF, McArdle, PF, Nutile, T, Porcu, E, Robino, A, Rose, LM, Schick, UM, Smith, JA, Teumer, A, Traglia, M, Vuckovic, D, Yao, J, Zhao, W, Albrecht, E, Amin, N, Corre, T, Hottenga, J-J, Mangino, M, Smith, AV, Tanaka, T, Abecasis, GR, Andrulis, IL, Anton-Culver, H, Antoniou, AC, Arndt, V, Arnold, AM, Barbieri, C, Beckmann, MW, Beeghly-Fadiel, A, Benitez, J, Bernstein, L, Bielinski, SJ, Blomqvist, C, Boerwinkle, E, Bogdanova, NV, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Borresen-Dale, A-L, Boutin, TS, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Bruening, T, Burwinkel, B, Campbell, A, Campbell, H, Chanock, SJ, Chapman, JR, Chen, Y-DI, Chenevix-Trench, G, Couch, FJ, Coviello, AD, Cox, A, Czene, K, Darabi, H, De Vivo, I, Demerath, EW, Dennis, J, Devilee, P, Doerk, T, dos-Santos-Silva, I, Dunning, AM, Eicher, JD, Fasching, PA, Faul, JD, Figueroa, J, Flesch-Janys, D, Gandin, I, Garcia, ME, Garcia-Closas, M, Giles, GG, Girotto, GG, Goldberg, MS, Gonzalez-Neira, A, Goodarzi, MO, Grove, ML, Gudbjartsson, DF, Guenel, P, Guo, X, Haiman, CA, Hall, P, Hamann, U, Henderson, BE, Hocking, LJ, Hofman, A, Homuth, G, Hooning, MJ, Hopper, JL, Hu, FB, Huang, J, Humphreys, K, Hunter, DJ, Jakubowska, A, Jones, SE, Kabisch, M, Karasik, D, Knight, JA, Kolcic, I, Kooperberg, C, Kosma, V-M, Kriebel, J, Kristensen, V, Lambrechts, D, Langenberg, C, Li, J, Li, X, Lindstroem, S, Liu, Y, Luan, J, Lubinski, J, Maegi, R, Mannermaa, A, Manz, J, Margolin, S, Marten, J, Martin, NG, Masciullo, C, Meindl, A, Michailidou, K, Mihailov, E, Milani, L, Milne, RL, Mueller-Nurasyid, M, Nalls, M, Neale, BM, Nevanlinna, H, Neven, P, Newman, AB, Nordestgaard, BG, Olson, JE, Padmanabhan, S, Peterlongo, P, Peters, U, Petersmann, A, Peto, J, Pharoah, PDP, Pirastu, NN, Pirie, A, Pistis, G, Polasek, O, Porteous, D, Psaty, BM, Pylkas, K, Radice, P, Raffel, LJ, Rivadeneira, F, Rudan, I, Rudolph, A, Ruggiero, D, Sala, CF, Sanna, S, Sawyer, EJ, Schlessinger, D, Schmidt, MK, Schmidt, F, Schmutzler, RK, Schoemaker, MJ, Scott, RA, Seynaeve, CM, Simard, J, Sorice, R, Southey, MC, Stoeckl, D, Strauch, K, Swerdlow, A, Taylor, KD, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Toland, AE, Tomlinson, I, Truong, T, Tryggvadottir, L, Turner, ST, Vozzi, D, Wang, Q, Wellons, M, Willemsen, G, Wilson, JF, Winqvist, R, Wolffenbuttel, BBHR, Wright, AF, Yannoukakos, D, Zemunik, T, Zheng, W, Zygmunt, M, Bergmann, S, Boomsma, DI, Buring, JE, Ferrucci, L, Montgomery, GW, Gudnason, V, Spector, TD, van Duijn, CM, Alizadeh, BZ, Ciullo, M, Crisponi, L, Easton, DF, Gasparini, PP, Gieger, C, Harris, TB, Hayward, C, Kardia, SLR, Kraft, P, McKnight, B, Metspalu, A, Morrison, AC, Reiner, AP, Ridker, PM, Rotter, JI, Toniolo, D, Uitterlinden, AG, Ulivi, S, Voelzke, H, Wareham, NJ, Weir, DR, Yerges-Armstrong, LM, Price, AL, Stefansson, K, Visser, JA, Ong, KK, Chang-Claude, J, Murabito, JM, Perry, JRB, and Murray, A

Abstract

Menopause timing has a substantial impact on infertility and risk of disease, including breast cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We report a dual strategy in ∼70,000 women to identify common and low-frequency protein-coding variation associated with age at natural menopause (ANM). We identified 44 regions with common variants, including two regions harboring additional rare missense alleles of large effect. We found enrichment of signals in or near genes involved in delayed puberty, highlighting the first molecular links between the onset and end of reproductive lifespan. Pathway analyses identified major association with DNA damage response (DDR) genes, including the first common coding variant in BRCA1 associated with any complex trait. Mendelian randomization analyses supported a causal effect of later ANM on breast cancer risk (∼6% increase in risk per year; P = 3 × 10(-14)), likely mediated by prolonged sex hormone exposure rather than DDR mechanisms.

Published
2015

5. Genomic analyses identify hundreds of variants associated with age at menarche and support a role for puberty timing in cancer risk

Author

Day, FR, Thompson, DJ, Helgason, H, Chasman, DI, Finucane, H, Sulem, P, Ruth, KS, Whalen, S, Sarkar, AK, Albrecht, E, Altmaier, E, Amini, M, Barbieri, CM, Boutin, T, Campbell, A, Demerath, E, Giri, A, He, C, Hottenga, JJ, Karlsson, R, Kolcic, I, Loh, P-R, Lunetta, KL, Mangino, M, Marco, B, McMahon, G, Medland, SE, Nolte, IM, Noordam, R, Nutile, T, Paternoster, L, Perjakova, N, Porcu, E, Rose, LM, Schraut, KE, Segrè, AV, Smith, AV, Stolk, L, Teumer, A, Andrulis, IL, Bandinelli, S, Beckmann, MW, Benitez, J, Bergmann, S, Bochud, M, Boerwinkle, E, Bojesen, SE, Bolla, MK, Brand, JS, Brauch, H, Brenner, H, Broer, L, Brüning, T, Buring, JE, Campbell, H, Catamo, E, Chanock, S, Chenevix-Trench, G, Corre, T, Couch, FJ, Cousminer, DL, Cox, A, Crisponi, L, Czene, K, Davey Smith, G, De Geus, EJCN, De Mutsert, R, De Vivo, I, Dennis, J, Devilee, P, Dos-Santos-Silva, I, Dunning, AM, Eriksson, JG, Fasching, PA, Fernández-Rhodes, L, Ferrucci, L, Flesch-Janys, D, Franke, L, Gabrielson, M, Gandin, I, Giles, GG, Grallert, H, Gudbjartsson, DF, Guénel, P, Hall, P, Hallberg, E, Hamann, U, Harris, TB, Hartman, CA, Heiss, G, Hooning, MJ, Hopper, JL, Hu, F, Hunter, DJ, Ikram, MA, Im, HK, Järvelin, M-R, Joshi, PK, Karasik, D, Kellis, M, Kutalik, Z, LaChance, G, Lambrechts, D, Langenberg, C, Launer, LJ, Laven, JSE, Lenarduzzi, S, Li, J, Lind, PA, Lindstrom, S, Liu, Y, Luan, J, Mägi, R, Mannermaa, A, Mbarek, H, McCarthy, MI, Meisinger, C, Meitinger, T, Menni, C, Metspalu, A, Michailidou, K, Milani, L, Milne, RL, Montgomery, GW, Mulligan, AM, Nalls, MA, Navarro, P, Nevanlinna, H, Nyholt, DR, Oldehinkel, AJ, O'Mara, TA, Padmanabhan, S, Palotie, A, Pedersen, N, Peters, A, Peto, J, Pharoah, PDP, Pouta, A, Radice, P, Rahman, I, Ring, SM, Robino, A, Rosendaal, FR, Rudan, I, Rueedi, R, Ruggiero, D, Sala, CF, Schmidt, MK, Scott, RA, Shah, M, Sorice, R, Southey, MC, Sovio, U, Stampfer, M, Steri, M, Strauch, K, Tanaka, T, Tikkanen, E, Timpson, NJ, Traglia, M, Truong, T, Tyrer, JP, Uitterlinden, AG, Edwards, DRV, Vitart, V, Völker, U, Vollenweider, P, Wang, Q, Widen, E, Van Dijk, KW, Willemsen, G, Winqvist, R, Wolffenbuttel, BHR, Zhao, JH, Zoledziewska, M, Zygmunt, M, Alizadeh, BZ, Boomsma, DI, Ciullo, M, Cucca, F, Esko, T, Franceschini, N, Gieger, C, Gudnason, V, Hayward, C, Kraft, P, Lawlor, DA, Magnusson, PKE, Martin, NG, Mook-Kanamori, DO, Nohr, EA, Polasek, O, Porteous, D, Price, AL, Ridker, PM, Snieder, H, Spector, TD, Stöckl, D, Toniolo, D, Ulivi, S, Visser, JA, Völzke, H, Wareham, NJ, Wilson, JF, LifeLines Cohort Study, InterAct Consortium, KConFab/AOCS Investigators, Endometrial Cancer Association Consortium, Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium, PRACTICAL Consortium, Spurdle, AB, Thorsteindottir, U, Pollard, KS, Easton, DF, Tung, JY, Chang-Claude, J, Hinds, D, Murray, A, Murabito, JM, Stefansson, K, Ong, KK, and Perry, JRB

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, genome-wide association studies, cancer, reproductive disorders, 3. Good health
Abstract

The timing of puberty is a highly polygenic childhood trait that is epidemiologically associated with various adult diseases. Using 1000 Genomes Project–imputed genotype data in up to ~370,000 women, we identify 389 independent signals (P < 5 × 10$^{−8}$) for age at menarche, a milestone in female pubertal development. In Icelandic data, these signals explain ~7.4% of the population variance in age at menarche, corresponding to ~25% of the estimated heritability. We implicate ~250 genes via coding variation or associated expression, demonstrating significant enrichment in neural tissues. Rare variants near the imprinted genes MKRN3 and DLK1 were identified, exhibiting large effects when paternally inherited. Mendelian randomization analyses suggest causal inverse associations, independent of body mass index (BMI), between puberty timing and risks for breast and endometrial cancers in women and prostate cancer in men. In aggregate, our findings highlight the complexity of the genetic regulation of puberty timing and support causal links with cancer susceptibility.

6. Draft genome assemblies of four manakins.

Author

Li X, Gao R, Chen G, Price AL, Øksnebjerg DB, Hosner PA, Zhou Y, Zhang G, and Feng S

Subjects
Animals, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Whole Genome Sequencing, Genome, Passeriformes genetics
Abstract

Manakins are a family of small suboscine passerine birds characterized by their elaborate courtship displays, non-monogamous mating system, and sexual dimorphism. This family has served as a good model for the study of sexual selection. Here we present genome assemblies of four manakin species, including Cryptopipo holochlora, Dixiphia pipra (also known as Pseudopipra pipra), Machaeropterus deliciosus and Masius chrysopterus, generated by Single-tube Long Fragment Read (stLFR) technology. The assembled genome sizes ranged from 1.10 Gb to 1.19 Gb, with average scaffold N50 of 29 Mb and contig N50 of 169 Kb. On average, 12,055 protein-coding genes were annotated in the genomes, and 9.79% of the genomes were annotated as repetitive elements. We further identified 75 Mb of Z-linked sequences in manakins, containing 585 to 751 genes and an ~600 Kb pseudoautosomal region (PAR). One notable finding from these Z-linked sequences is that a possible Z-to-autosome/PAR reversal could have occurred in M. chrysopterus. These de novo genomes will contribute to a deeper understanding of evolutionary history and sexual selection in manakins., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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7. Single-cell eQTL models reveal dynamic T cell state dependence of disease loci.

Author

Nathan A, Asgari S, Ishigaki K, Valencia C, Amariuta T, Luo Y, Beynor JI, Baglaenko Y, Suliman S, Price AL, Lecca L, Murray MB, Moody DB, and Raychaudhuri S

Subjects
Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Peru, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Memory T Cells immunology, Memory T Cells metabolism, Quantitative Trait Loci genetics
Abstract

Non-coding genetic variants may cause disease by modulating gene expression. However, identifying these expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) is complicated by differences in gene regulation across fluid functional cell states within cell types. These states-for example, neurotransmitter-driven programs in astrocytes or perivascular fibroblast differentiation-are obscured in eQTL studies that aggregate cells 1,2 . Here we modelled eQTLs at single-cell resolution in one complex cell type: memory T cells. Using more than 500,000 unstimulated memory T cells from 259 Peruvian individuals, we show that around one-third of 6,511 cis-eQTLs had effects that were mediated by continuous multimodally defined cell states, such as cytotoxicity and regulatory capacity. In some loci, independent eQTL variants had opposing cell-state relationships. Autoimmune variants were enriched in cell-state-dependent eQTLs, including risk variants for rheumatoid arthritis near ORMDL3 and CTLA4; this indicates that cell-state context is crucial to understanding potential eQTL pathogenicity. Moreover, continuous cell states explained more variation in eQTLs than did conventional discrete categories, such as CD4 + versus CD8 + , suggesting that modelling eQTLs and cell states at single-cell resolution can expand insight into gene regulation in functionally heterogeneous cell types., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2022
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8. COVID-19 tissue atlases reveal SARS-CoV-2 pathology and cellular targets.

Author

Delorey TM, Ziegler CGK, Heimberg G, Normand R, Yang Y, Segerstolpe Å, Abbondanza D, Fleming SJ, Subramanian A, Montoro DT, Jagadeesh KA, Dey KK, Sen P, Slyper M, Pita-Juárez YH, Phillips D, Biermann J, Bloom-Ackermann Z, Barkas N, Ganna A, Gomez J, Melms JC, Katsyv I, Normandin E, Naderi P, Popov YV, Raju SS, Niezen S, Tsai LT, Siddle KJ, Sud M, Tran VM, Vellarikkal SK, Wang Y, Amir-Zilberstein L, Atri DS, Beechem J, Brook OR, Chen J, Divakar P, Dorceus P, Engreitz JM, Essene A, Fitzgerald DM, Fropf R, Gazal S, Gould J, Grzyb J, Harvey T, Hecht J, Hether T, Jané-Valbuena J, Leney-Greene M, Ma H, McCabe C, McLoughlin DE, Miller EM, Muus C, Niemi M, Padera R, Pan L, Pant D, Pe'er C, Pfiffner-Borges J, Pinto CJ, Plaisted J, Reeves J, Ross M, Rudy M, Rueckert EH, Siciliano M, Sturm A, Todres E, Waghray A, Warren S, Zhang S, Zollinger DR, Cosimi L, Gupta RM, Hacohen N, Hibshoosh H, Hide W, Price AL, Rajagopal J, Tata PR, Riedel S, Szabo G, Tickle TL, Ellinor PT, Hung D, Sabeti PC, Novak R, Rogers R, Ingber DE, Jiang ZG, Juric D, Babadi M, Farhi SL, Izar B, Stone JR, Vlachos IS, Solomon IH, Ashenberg O, Porter CBM, Li B, Shalek AK, Villani AC, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, and Regev A

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Atlases as Topic, Autopsy, Biological Specimen Banks, COVID-19 genetics, COVID-19 immunology, Endothelial Cells, Epithelial Cells pathology, Epithelial Cells virology, Female, Fibroblasts, Genome-Wide Association Study, Heart virology, Humans, Inflammation pathology, Inflammation virology, Kidney virology, Liver virology, Lung virology, Male, Middle Aged, Organ Specificity, Phagocytes, Pulmonary Alveoli pathology, Pulmonary Alveoli virology, RNA, Viral analysis, Regeneration, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Single-Cell Analysis, Viral Load, COVID-19 pathology, COVID-19 virology, Kidney pathology, Liver pathology, Lung pathology, Myocardium pathology, SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity
Abstract

COVID-19, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure 1-4 , but little is known about its pathophysiology. Here we generated single-cell atlases of 24 lung, 16 kidney, 16 liver and 19 heart autopsy tissue samples and spatial atlases of 14 lung samples from donors who died of COVID-19. Integrated computational analysis uncovered substantial remodelling in the lung epithelial, immune and stromal compartments, with evidence of multiple paths of failed tissue regeneration, including defective alveolar type 2 differentiation and expansion of fibroblasts and putative TP63 + intrapulmonary basal-like progenitor cells. Viral RNAs were enriched in mononuclear phagocytic and endothelial lung cells, which induced specific host programs. Spatial analysis in lung distinguished inflammatory host responses in lung regions with and without viral RNA. Analysis of the other tissue atlases showed transcriptional alterations in multiple cell types in heart tissue from donors with COVID-19, and mapped cell types and genes implicated with disease severity based on COVID-19 genome-wide association studies. Our foundational dataset elucidates the biological effect of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection across the body, a key step towards new treatments.

Published
2021
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9. Genome-wide enhancer maps link risk variants to disease genes.

Author

Nasser J, Bergman DT, Fulco CP, Guckelberger P, Doughty BR, Patwardhan TA, Jones TR, Nguyen TH, Ulirsch JC, Lekschas F, Mualim K, Natri HM, Weeks EM, Munson G, Kane M, Kang HY, Cui A, Ray JP, Eisenhaure TM, Collins RL, Dey K, Pfister H, Price AL, Epstein CB, Kundaje A, Xavier RJ, Daly MJ, Huang H, Finucane HK, Hacohen N, Lander ES, and Engreitz JM

Subjects
Cell Line, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 genetics, Cyclophilins genetics, Dendritic Cells, Female, Humans, Macrophages metabolism, Male, Mitochondria metabolism, Organ Specificity genetics, Phenotype, Enhancer Elements, Genetic genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation genetics, Genome, Human genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases genetics
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of noncoding loci that are associated with human diseases and complex traits, each of which could reveal insights into the mechanisms of disease 1 . Many of the underlying causal variants may affect enhancers 2,3 , but we lack accurate maps of enhancers and their target genes to interpret such variants. We recently developed the activity-by-contact (ABC) model to predict which enhancers regulate which genes and validated the model using CRISPR perturbations in several cell types 4 . Here we apply this ABC model to create enhancer-gene maps in 131 human cell types and tissues, and use these maps to interpret the functions of GWAS variants. Across 72 diseases and complex traits, ABC links 5,036 GWAS signals to 2,249 unique genes, including a class of 577 genes that appear to influence multiple phenotypes through variants in enhancers that act in different cell types. In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), causal variants are enriched in predicted enhancers by more than 20-fold in particular cell types such as dendritic cells, and ABC achieves higher precision than other regulatory methods at connecting noncoding variants to target genes. These variant-to-function maps reveal an enhancer that contains an IBD risk variant and that regulates the expression of PPIF to alter the membrane potential of mitochondria in macrophages. Our study reveals principles of genome regulation, identifies genes that affect IBD and provides a resource and generalizable strategy to connect risk variants of common diseases to their molecular and cellular functions.

Published
2021
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10. Insights into clonal haematopoiesis from 8,342 mosaic chromosomal alterations.

Author

Loh PR, Genovese G, Handsaker RE, Finucane HK, Reshef YA, Palamara PF, Birmann BM, Talkowski ME, Bakhoum SF, McCarroll SA, and Price AL

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Alleles, Biological Specimen Banks, Chromosome Breakage, Chromosome Fragile Sites genetics, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10 genetics, Female, Health, Hematologic Neoplasms genetics, Hematologic Neoplasms mortality, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Penetrance, United Kingdom, Chromosome Aberrations, Clone Cells cytology, Clone Cells metabolism, Hematopoiesis genetics, Mosaicism
Abstract

The selective pressures that shape clonal evolution in healthy individuals are largely unknown. Here we investigate 8,342 mosaic chromosomal alterations, from 50 kb to 249 Mb long, that we uncovered in blood-derived DNA from 151,202 UK Biobank participants using phase-based computational techniques (estimated false discovery rate, 6-9%). We found six loci at which inherited variants associated strongly with the acquisition of deletions or loss of heterozygosity in cis. At three such loci (MPL, TM2D3-TARSL2, and FRA10B), we identified a likely causal variant that acted with high penetrance (5-50%). Inherited alleles at one locus appeared to affect the probability of somatic mutation, and at three other loci to be objects of positive or negative clonal selection. Several specific mosaic chromosomal alterations were strongly associated with future haematological malignancies. Our results reveal a multitude of paths towards clonal expansions with a wide range of effects on human health.

Published
2018
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11. Reconstructing Native American population history.

Author

Reich D, Patterson N, Campbell D, Tandon A, Mazieres S, Ray N, Parra MV, Rojas W, Duque C, Mesa N, García LF, Triana O, Blair S, Maestre A, Dib JC, Bravi CM, Bailliet G, Corach D, Hünemeier T, Bortolini MC, Salzano FM, Petzl-Erler ML, Acuña-Alonzo V, Aguilar-Salinas C, Canizales-Quinteros S, Tusié-Luna T, Riba L, Rodríguez-Cruz M, Lopez-Alarcón M, Coral-Vazquez R, Canto-Cetina T, Silva-Zolezzi I, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Contreras AV, Jimenez-Sanchez G, Gómez-Vázquez MJ, Molina J, Carracedo A, Salas A, Gallo C, Poletti G, Witonsky DB, Alkorta-Aranburu G, Sukernik RI, Osipova L, Fedorova SA, Vasquez R, Villena M, Moreau C, Barrantes R, Pauls D, Excoffier L, Bedoya G, Rothhammer F, Dugoujon JM, Larrouy G, Klitz W, Labuda D, Kidd J, Kidd K, Di Rienzo A, Freimer NB, Price AL, and Ruiz-Linares A

Subjects
Americas, Asia, Cluster Analysis, Emigration and Immigration statistics & numerical data, Gene Flow, Genetics, Population, History, Ancient, Humans, Models, Genetic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Siberia, Emigration and Immigration history, Indians, North American genetics, Indians, North American history, Phylogeny
Abstract

The peopling of the Americas has been the subject of extensive genetic, archaeological and linguistic research; however, central questions remain unresolved. One contentious issue is whether the settlement occurred by means of a single migration or multiple streams of migration from Siberia. The pattern of dispersals within the Americas is also poorly understood. To address these questions at a higher resolution than was previously possible, we assembled data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups genotyped at 364,470 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Here we show that Native Americans descend from at least three streams of Asian gene flow. Most descend entirely from a single ancestral population that we call 'First American'. However, speakers of Eskimo-Aleut languages from the Arctic inherit almost half their ancestry from a second stream of Asian gene flow, and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada inherit roughly one-tenth of their ancestry from a third stream. We show that the initial peopling followed a southward expansion facilitated by the coast, with sequential population splits and little gene flow after divergence, especially in South America. A major exception is in Chibchan speakers on both sides of the Panama isthmus, who have ancestry from both North and South America.

Published
2012
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12. The landscape of recombination in African Americans.

Author

Hinch AG, Tandon A, Patterson N, Song Y, Rohland N, Palmer CD, Chen GK, Wang K, Buxbaum SG, Akylbekova EL, Aldrich MC, Ambrosone CB, Amos C, Bandera EV, Berndt SI, Bernstein L, Blot WJ, Bock CH, Boerwinkle E, Cai Q, Caporaso N, Casey G, Cupples LA, Deming SL, Diver WR, Divers J, Fornage M, Gillanders EM, Glessner J, Harris CC, Hu JJ, Ingles SA, Isaacs W, John EM, Kao WH, Keating B, Kittles RA, Kolonel LN, Larkin E, Le Marchand L, McNeill LH, Millikan RC, Murphy A, Musani S, Neslund-Dudas C, Nyante S, Papanicolaou GJ, Press MF, Psaty BM, Reiner AP, Rich SS, Rodriguez-Gil JL, Rotter JI, Rybicki BA, Schwartz AG, Signorello LB, Spitz M, Strom SS, Thun MJ, Tucker MA, Wang Z, Wiencke JK, Witte JS, Wrensch M, Wu X, Yamamura Y, Zanetti KA, Zheng W, Ziegler RG, Zhu X, Redline S, Hirschhorn JN, Henderson BE, Taylor HA Jr, Price AL, Hakonarson H, Chanock SJ, Haiman CA, Wilson JG, Reich D, and Myers SR

Subjects
Africa, Western ethnology, Alleles, Amino Acid Motifs, Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, Europe ethnology, Evolution, Molecular, Female, Gene Frequency, Genetics, Population, Genomics, Haplotypes genetics, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase chemistry, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase genetics, Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase metabolism, Humans, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Pedigree, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Probability, White People genetics, Black or African American genetics, Crossing Over, Genetic genetics, Genome, Human genetics
Abstract

Recombination, together with mutation, gives rise to genetic variation in populations. Here we leverage the recent mixture of people of African and European ancestry in the Americas to build a genetic map measuring the probability of crossing over at each position in the genome, based on about 2.1 million crossovers in 30,000 unrelated African Americans. At intervals of more than three megabases it is nearly identical to a map built in Europeans. At finer scales it differs significantly, and we identify about 2,500 recombination hotspots that are active in people of West African ancestry but nearly inactive in Europeans. The probability of a crossover at these hotspots is almost fully controlled by the alleles an individual carries at PRDM9 (P value < 10(-245)). We identify a 17-base-pair DNA sequence motif that is enriched in these hotspots, and is an excellent match to the predicted binding target of PRDM9 alleles common in West Africans and rare in Europeans. Sites of this motif are predicted to be risk loci for disease-causing genomic rearrangements in individuals carrying these alleles. More generally, this map provides a resource for research in human genetic variation and evolution.

Published
2011
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13. Integrating common and rare genetic variation in diverse human populations.

Author

Altshuler DM, Gibbs RA, Peltonen L, Altshuler DM, Gibbs RA, Peltonen L, Dermitzakis E, Schaffner SF, Yu F, Peltonen L, Dermitzakis E, Bonnen PE, Altshuler DM, Gibbs RA, de Bakker PI, Deloukas P, Gabriel SB, Gwilliam R, Hunt S, Inouye M, Jia X, Palotie A, Parkin M, Whittaker P, Yu F, Chang K, Hawes A, Lewis LR, Ren Y, Wheeler D, Gibbs RA, Muzny DM, Barnes C, Darvishi K, Hurles M, Korn JM, Kristiansson K, Lee C, McCarrol SA, Nemesh J, Dermitzakis E, Keinan A, Montgomery SB, Pollack S, Price AL, Soranzo N, Bonnen PE, Gibbs RA, Gonzaga-Jauregui C, Keinan A, Price AL, Yu F, Anttila V, Brodeur W, Daly MJ, Leslie S, McVean G, Moutsianas L, Nguyen H, Schaffner SF, Zhang Q, Ghori MJ, McGinnis R, McLaren W, Pollack S, Price AL, Schaffner SF, Takeuchi F, Grossman SR, Shlyakhter I, Hostetter EB, Sabeti PC, Adebamowo CA, Foster MW, Gordon DR, Licinio J, Manca MC, Marshall PA, Matsuda I, Ngare D, Wang VO, Reddy D, Rotimi CN, Royal CD, Sharp RR, Zeng C, Brooks LD, and McEwen JE

Subjects
Human Genome Project, Humans, DNA Copy Number Variations, Genome, Human, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Population Groups genetics
Abstract

Despite great progress in identifying genetic variants that influence human disease, most inherited risk remains unexplained. A more complete understanding requires genome-wide studies that fully examine less common alleles in populations with a wide range of ancestry. To inform the design and interpretation of such studies, we genotyped 1.6 million common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 1,184 reference individuals from 11 global populations, and sequenced ten 100-kilobase regions in 692 of these individuals. This integrated data set of common and rare alleles, called 'HapMap 3', includes both SNPs and copy number polymorphisms (CNPs). We characterized population-specific differences among low-frequency variants, measured the improvement in imputation accuracy afforded by the larger reference panel, especially in imputing SNPs with a minor allele frequency of

Published
2010
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14. Reconstructing Indian population history.

Author

Reich D, Thangaraj K, Patterson N, Price AL, and Singh L

Subjects
Asia ethnology, Chromosomes, Human, Y genetics, DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Europe ethnology, Female, Founder Effect, Gene Frequency, Genes, Recessive genetics, Genetics, Medical, Genetics, Population, Genome, Human genetics, Genomics, Genotype, Geography, Humans, India, Language, Linkage Disequilibrium genetics, Male, Middle East ethnology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Principal Component Analysis, Racial Groups genetics, Ethnicity genetics, Genetic Variation genetics, Phylogeny
Abstract

India has been underrepresented in genome-wide surveys of human variation. We analyse 25 diverse groups in India to provide strong evidence for two ancient populations, genetically divergent, that are ancestral to most Indians today. One, the 'Ancestral North Indians' (ANI), is genetically close to Middle Easterners, Central Asians, and Europeans, whereas the other, the 'Ancestral South Indians' (ASI), is as distinct from ANI and East Asians as they are from each other. By introducing methods that can estimate ancestry without accurate ancestral populations, we show that ANI ancestry ranges from 39-71% in most Indian groups, and is higher in traditionally upper caste and Indo-European speakers. Groups with only ASI ancestry may no longer exist in mainland India. However, the indigenous Andaman Islanders are unique in being ASI-related groups without ANI ancestry. Allele frequency differences between groups in India are larger than in Europe, reflecting strong founder effects whose signatures have been maintained for thousands of years owing to endogamy. We therefore predict that there will be an excess of recessive diseases in India, which should be possible to screen and map genetically.

Published
2009
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