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8 results on '"University of Nottingham, UK (UON)"'

1. Viral genome wide association study identifies novel hepatitis C virus polymorphisms associated with sofosbuvir treatment failure

Author

Smith, David A., Fernandez-Antunez, Carlota, Magri, Andrea, Bowden, Rory, Chaturvedi, Nimisha, Fellay, Jacques, McLauchlan, John, Foster, Graham R., Irving, William L., Simmonds, Peter, Pedergnana, Vincent, Ramirez, Santseharay, Bukh, Jens, Barnes, Eleanor, Ansari, M. Azim, Ball, Jonathan, Brainard, Diana, Burgess, Gary, Cooke, Graham, Dillon, John, Gore, Charles, Guha, Neil, Halford, Rachel, Herath, Cham, Holmes, Chris, Howe, Anita, Hudson, Emma, Irving, William, Khakoo, Salim, Klenerman, Paul, Koletzki, Diana, Martin, Natasha, Massetto, Benedetta, Mbisa, Tamyo, McHutchison, John, McKeating, Jane, Miners, Alec, Murray, Andrea, Shaw, Peter, Spencer, Chris C. A., Targett-Adams, Paul, Thomson, Emma, Vickerman, Peter, Zitzmann, Nicole, Nuffield Department of Medicine [Oxford, UK] (Big Data Institute), University of Oxford, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics [Oxford], Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), University of Glasgow, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), STOP-HCV Consortium, Ball, J., Brainard, D., Burgess, G., Cooke, G., Dillon, J., Gore, C., Guha, N., Halford, R., Herath, C., Holmes, C., Howe, A., Hudson, E., Irving, W., Khakoo, S., Klenerman, P., Koletzki, D., Martin, N., Massetto, B., Mbisa, T., McHutchison, J., McKeating, J., Miners, A., Murray, A., Shaw, P., Spencer, CCA, Targett-Adams, P., Thomson, E., Vickerman, P., and Zitzmann, N.

Subjects
ns2, Sofosbuvir, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, General Physics and Astronomy, Genome-wide association study, resistance-associated substitutions, Hepacivirus, Viral Nonstructural Proteins, Chronic liver disease, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Treatment Failure, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Hepatitis C virus, virus diseases, Viral Load, Antivirals, 3. Good health, Hepatocellular carcinoma, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Viral load, medicine.drug, Genotype, ribavirin, Science, Genome, Viral, Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use, Genome, Viral/genetics, Hepacivirus/drug effects, Hepacivirus/genetics, Hepacivirus/isolation & purification, Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy, Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology, Humans, Polymorphism, Genetic, Sofosbuvir/therapeutic use, Viral Load/drug effects, Viral Load/genetics, Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics, Antiviral Agents, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Potency, emergence, 030304 developmental biology, NS3, business.industry, Ribavirin, General Chemistry, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, Virology, infection, digestive system diseases, chemistry, Viral infection, protein, business
Abstract

Sofosbuvir is a common therapy in hepatitis C virus infection, which targets the NS5B polymerase. Here, Smith et al. analyze the association between whole genome HCV polymorphisms and sofosbuvir treatment failure and identify three common polymorphisms present in non-targeted NS2 and NS3 proteins associated with reduced treatment response., Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease, worldwide. With the development of direct-acting antivirals, treatment of chronically infected patients has become highly effective, although a subset of patients responds less well to therapy. Sofosbuvir is a common component of current de novo or salvage combination therapies, that targets the HCV NS5B polymerase. We use pre-treatment whole-genome sequences of HCV from 507 patients infected with HCV subtype 3a and treated with sofosbuvir containing regimens to detect viral polymorphisms associated with response to treatment. We find three common polymorphisms in non-targeted HCV NS2 and NS3 proteins are associated with reduced treatment response. These polymorphisms are enriched in post-treatment HCV sequences of patients unresponsive to treatment. They are also associated with lower reductions in viral load in the first week of therapy. Using in vitro short-term dose-response assays, these polymorphisms do not cause any reduction in sofosbuvir potency, suggesting an indirect mechanism of action in decreasing sofosbuvir efficacy. The identification of polymorphisms in NS2 and NS3 proteins associated with poor treatment outcomes emphasises the value of systematic genome-wide analyses of viruses in uncovering clinically relevant polymorphisms that impact treatment.

Published
2021

2. Non-invasive hydrodynamic imaging in plant roots at cellular resolution

Author

Darren M. Wells, Guilhem Reyt, Xavier Draye, Nicky Leftley, Valentin Couvreur, Malcolm J. Bennett, Monica Calvo-Polanco, Yann Boursiac, Ilda Casimiro, Christophe Maurel, Daniela Dietrich, David E. Salt, Flavius C. Pascut, Kevin F. Webb, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), University of Bristol [Bristol], Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Universidad de Extremadura (UEX)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Science, Plant physiology, Raman imaging, Arabidopsis, Xylem/metabolism, General Physics and Astronomy, Plant Stomata/metabolism, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Plant Roots, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Xylem, Plant Roots/anatomy & histology, Plant Shoots/metabolism, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Arabidopsis thaliana, Computational models, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Water/metabolism, Multidisciplinary, Water transport, biology, Plant roots, Chemistry, Non invasive, fungi, Water, food and beverages, Biological Transport, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Raman microspectroscopy, Cellular resolution, Arabidopsis/anatomy & histology, Raman spectroscopy, Mutation, Plant Stomata, Biophysics, Hydrodynamics, Plant Shoots, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

A key impediment to studying water-related mechanisms in plants is the inability to non-invasively image water fluxes in cells at high temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we report that Raman microspectroscopy, complemented by hydrodynamic modelling, can achieve this goal - monitoring hydrodynamics within living root tissues at cell- and sub-second-scale resolutions. Raman imaging of water-transporting xylem vessels in Arabidopsis thaliana mutant roots reveals faster xylem water transport in endodermal diffusion barrier mutants. Furthermore, transverse line scans across the root suggest water transported via the root xylem does not re-enter outer root tissues nor the surrounding soil when en-route to shoot tissues if endodermal diffusion barriers are intact, thereby separating ‘two water worlds’., Existing methods for non-invasively monitoring water flow in plants have limited spatial/temporal resolution. Here, the authors report that Raman microspectroscopy, complemented by hydrodynamic modelling, can monitor hydrodynamics within living root tissues at cell- and sub-second-scale resolutions.

Published
2021

3. Past and future spread of the arbovirus vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

Author

Donal Bisanzio, Thomas W. Scott, G. R. William Wint, T. Alex Perkins, Nicole Davis Weaver, Lucas Earl, Laurie B. Marczak, Erik Wetter, Hongjie Yu, Shengjie Lai, Dingdong Yi, Simon I. Hay, Wim Van Bortel, Cedric Marsboom, Francis Schaffner, Giovanini E. Coelho, David M. Pigott, Jane P. Messina, Xin Lu, Robert C. Reiner, Linus Bengtsson, Andrew J. Tatem, David L. Smith, Chester G. Moore, Shreya Shirude, Qiyong Liu, Peter A. Jones, Kimberly J. Johnson, Roberta G. Carvalho, John S. Brownstein, Moritz U. G. Kraemer, Oliver J. Brady, Nuno R. Faria, Louis Lambrechts, Nick Golding, Marius Gilbert, Heinrich H. Nax, Guy Hendrickx, Oliver G. Pybus, Simon Cauchemez, Catherine Linard, University of Oxford [Oxford], Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), University of Washington [Seattle], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique [Bruxelles] (FNRS), Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Fudan University [Shanghai], University of Southampton, Flowminder Foundation, Central South University [Changsha], National University of Defense Technology [China], Southwestern University of Finance and Economics [Chengdu, China], Waen Associates Ltd, Pan American Health Organization [Washington] (PAHO), Ministry of Health [Brasília, Brazil], European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Egis Avia (FRANCE), Francis Schaffner Consultancy, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Stockholm School of Economics (SSE), Interactions Virus-Insectes - Insect-Virus Interactions (IVI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong University, University of Melbourne, The authors thank S. Ray for providing comments during the revision process. M.U.G.K. acknowledges funding from the Society in Science, The Branco Weiss Fellowship, administered by the ETH Zurich. M.U.G.K. also acknowledges funding from the Training Grant from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD040128). M.U.G.K., S.I.H., J.P.M., N.G., O.J.B. and G.R.W.W. acknowledge funding from the International Research Consortium on Dengue Risk Assessment Management and Surveillance (IDAMS, European Commission 7th Framework Programme no. 21893). O.B.J. was funded by a Sir Henry Wellcome Fellowship funded by the Wellcome Trust (grant number 206471/Z/17/Z) and a grant from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OP1183567). S.I.H. received a grant from the Research for Health in Humanitarian Crises (R2HC) Programme, managed by Enhancing Learning and Research for Humanitarian Assistance (ELRHA, no. 13468), which also supported M.U.G.K. and N.G. The R2HC programme aims to improve health outcomes by strengthening the evidence base for public health interventions in humanitarian crises. The £8 million R2HC programme is funded equally by the Wellcome Trust and Department of International Development (DFiD), with ELRHA overseeing the programme’s execution and management. S.I.H. was also funded by a Senior Research Fellowship from the Wellcome Trust (no. 95066) and grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1106023, OPP1093011, OPP1132415 and OPP1159934). This study was made possible by the support of the American people through the US Agency for International Development Emerging Pandemic Threats Program-2 PREDICT-2 (Cooperative Agreement number AID-OAA-A-14-00102), which also supported M.U.G.K. J.S.B. is supported by the National Library of Medicine of the National Institutes of Health (R01LM010812 and R01LM011965), which also supports M.U.G.K. D.L.S. is funded by the National Institutes of Health and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (no. U10AI089674). H.H.N. was funded by the European Commission through the European Research Council Advanced Investigator Grant ‘Momentum’ 324247. L.L. received funding from the French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant ANR-16-CE35-0004), the City of Paris Emergence(s) programme in Biomedical Research, and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under ZikaPLAN grant agreement No. 734584. S.C. received funding from the AXA Research Fund, the Investissement d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (Grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under ZIKAlliance grant agreement No 734548. N.G. is supported by a University of Melbourne McKenzie fellowship. W.V.B., G.H. and F.S. acknowledge funding from VBORNET and VectorNet, an ECDC and EFSA-funded project (no. ECDC/09/018 and OC/EFSA/AHAW/2013/02), and thank all contributing VBORNET and VectorNet experts for data sharing. T.W.S., R.C.R. and L.L. received funding from the National Institutes of Health Program Project grant (no. P01 AI098670). X.L. is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (71771213, 71522014, 71725001, 91846301 and 71790615). This work was also partially supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under ZIKAlliance Grant Agreement no. 734548., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CE35-0004,MOSQUIBIOTA,Contribution de la diversité bactérienne intestinale à la capacité vectorielle d'Aedes aegypti(2016), European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), European Project: 324247,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120411,MOMENTUM(2013), European Project: 281803,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2011-single-stage,IDAMS(2011), University of Oxford, Harvard University, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Stockholm, Sweden] (ECDC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Microbiologie et protistologie [parasitologie hum. et anim.], Aedes albopictus, Arbovirus Infections, Immunology, Aedes aegypti, medicine.disease_cause, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Arbovirus, Microbiology, Article, Dengue fever, Zika virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, medicine, Chikungunya, 030304 developmental biology, Aedes, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Ecology, virus diseases, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Microbiologie et protistologie [entomologie,phytoparasitolog.], Geography, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Infectious diseases
Abstract

The global population at risk from mosquito-borne diseases—including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika—is expanding in concert with changes in the distribution of two key vectors: Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The distribution of these species is largely driven by both human movement and the presence of suitable climate. Using statistical mapping techniques, we show that human movement patterns explain the spread of both species in Europe and the United States following their introduction. We find that the spread of Ae. aegypti is characterized by long distance importations, while Ae. albopictus has expanded more along the fringes of its distribution. We describe these processes and predict the future distributions of both species in response to accelerating urbanization, connectivity and climate change. Global surveillance and control efforts that aim to mitigate the spread of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses must consider the so far unabated spread of these mosquitos. Our maps and predictions offer an opportunity to strategically target surveillance and control programmes and thereby augment efforts to reduce arbovirus burden in human populations globally., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, SCOPUS: er.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019

4. State-of-the-art global models underestimate impacts from climate extremes

Author

Schewe, J., Gosling, S., Reyer, C., Zhao, F., Ciais, P., Elliott, J., Francois, L., Huber, V., Lotze, H., Seneviratne I, S., van Vliet, M., Vautard, R., Wada, Y., Breuer, L., Buechner, M., Carozza, D., Chang, J., Coll, M., Deryng, D., de Wit, A., Eddy, T., Folberth, C., Frieler, K., Friend, A., Gerten, D., Gudmundsson, L., Hanasaki, N., Ito, A., Khabarov, N., Kim, H., Lawrence, P., Morfopoulos, C., Mueller, C., Schmied, H., Orth, R., Ostberg, S., Pokhrel, Y., Pugh, T., Sakurai, G., Satoh, Y., Schmid, E., Stacke, T., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4637-5337, Steenbeek, J., Steinkamp, J., Tang, Q., Tian, H., Tittensor, D., Volkholz, J., Wang, X., Warszawski, L., Potsdam-Institut für Klimafolgenforschung (PIK), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Chicago, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Inst Landscape Ecol & Resources Management, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Ann Arbor] (CEE), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Ecopath International Initiative Research Association, Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Schewe, Jacob [0000-0001-9455-4159], Gosling, Simon N [0000-0001-5973-6862], Ciais, Philippe [0000-0001-8560-4943], Lotze, Heike K [0000-0001-6258-1304], Seneviratne, Sonia I [0000-0001-9528-2917], van Vliet, Michelle TH [0000-0002-2597-8422], Vautard, Robert [0000-0001-5544-9903], Wada, Yoshihide [0000-0003-4770-2539], Breuer, Lutz [0000-0001-9720-1076], Carozza, David A [0000-0001-7343-9442], Chang, Jinfeng [0000-0003-4463-7778], Coll, Marta [0000-0001-6235-5868], de Wit, Allard [0000-0002-5517-6404], Eddy, Tyler D [0000-0002-2833-9407], Folberth, Christian [0000-0002-6738-5238], Gerten, Dieter [0000-0002-6214-6991], Gudmundsson, Lukas [0000-0003-3539-8621], Hanasaki, Naota [0000-0002-5092-7563], Ito, Akihiko [0000-0001-5265-0791], Khabarov, Nikolay [0000-0001-5372-4668], Kim, Hyungjun [0000-0003-1083-8416], Lawrence, Peter [0000-0002-4843-4903], Müller, Christoph [0000-0002-9491-3550], Müller Schmied, Hannes [0000-0001-5330-9923], Ostberg, Sebastian [0000-0002-2368-7015], Pokhrel, Yadu [0000-0002-1367-216X], Steenbeek, Jeroen [0000-0002-7878-8075], Steinkamp, Jörg [0000-0002-7861-8789], Tang, Qiuhong [0000-0002-0886-6699], Tian, Hanqin [0000-0002-1806-4091], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, European Commission, and Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany)

Subjects
Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, WIMEK, 0602 Ecology, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Science, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Life Science, Water Systems and Global Change, lcsh:Q, PE&RC, lcsh:Science, Article
Abstract

14 pages, 6 figures, supplementary information .-- Data availability. Simulation data from gridded impact models is available through https://esg.pik-potsdam.de/projects/isimip2a/ and citable using the following DOIs: https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2017.002 (terrestrial ecosystems); https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2017.006 (agriculture); https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2017.010 (hydrology); https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.004 (marine ecosystems, regional); https://doi.org/10.5880/PIK.2018.005 (marine ecosystems, global). The city-level mortality model data and country-level hydropower model data are available from the authors upon request, Global impact models represent process-level understanding of how natural and human systems may be affected by climate change. Their projections are used in integrated assessments of climate change. Here we test, for the first time, systematically across many important systems, how well such impact models capture the impacts of extreme climate conditions. Using the 2003 European heat wave and drought as a historical analogue for comparable events in the future, we find that a majority of models underestimate the extremeness of impacts in important sectors such as agriculture, terrestrial ecosystems, and heat-related human mortality, while impacts on water resources and hydropower are overestimated in some river basins; and the spread across models is often large. This has important implications for economic assessments of climate change impacts that rely on these models. It also means that societal risks from future extreme events may be greater than previously thought, The work was supported within the framework of the Leibniz Competition (SAW-2013-PIK-5), the EU FP7 project HELIX (grant no. FP7–603864–2), the FP7 project IMPACT2C (grant agreement#282746) and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant no. 01LS1201A1)

Published
2019

5. Use of the Extended Fujita method for representing the molecular weight and molecular weight distributions of native and processed oat beta-glucans

Author

Channell, Guy A., Adams, Gary G., Lu, YuDong, Gillis, Richard B., Dinu, Vlad, Grundy, Myriam M.-L., Bajka, Balazs, Butterworth, Peter J., Ellis, Peter R., Mackie, Alan, Ballance, Simon, Harding, Stephen E., National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Faculty of medicine and health science, Queen medical centre, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Department of Nutritional Sciences, King‘s College London, School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Norwegian Institute of Food,Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (NOFIMA), and Kulturhistorisk museum (KHM)

Subjects
Molecular Weight, beta-Glucans, Avena, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Ultracentrifugation, Article
Abstract

International audience; Beta 1-3, 1-4 glucans ("beta-glucans") are one of the key components of the cell wall of cereals, complementing the main structural component cellulose. Beta-glucans are also an important source of soluble fibre in foods containing oats with claims of other beneficial nutritional properties such as plasma cholesterol lowering in humans. Key to the function of beta-glucans is their molecular weight and because of their high polydispersity-molecular weight distribution. Analytical ultracentrifugation provides a matrix-free approach (not requiring separation columns or media) to polymer molecular weight distribution determination. The sedimentation coefficient distribution is converted to a molecular weight distribution via a power law relation using an established procedure known as the Extended Fujita approach. We establish and apply the power law relation and Extended Fujita method for the first time to a series of native and processed oat beta-glucans. The application of this approach to beta-glucans from other sources is considered.

Published
2018

6. Enhanced sensing and conversion of ultrasonic Rayleigh waves by elastic metasurfaces

Author

Colombi, Andrea, Ageeva, Victoria, Smith, Richard J., Clare, Adam, Patel, Rikesh, Clark, Matt, Colquitt, Daniel, Roux, Philippe, Guenneau, Sebastien, Craster, Richard V., Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), Commission of the European Communities, The Leverhulme Trust, Imperial College London, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Department of Mathematics [Imperial College London], Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), EPSILON (EPSILON), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE31-0015,META-FORET,Métamatériaux pour les Ondes Sismiques(2016)

Subjects
Science & Technology, Science, METAMATERIAL LENS, Classical Physics (physics.class-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Classical Physics, physics.class-ph, Article, PLATES, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Multidisciplinary Sciences, [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Medicine, Science & Technology - Other Topics
Abstract

Recent years have heralded the introduction of metasurfaces that advantageously combine the vision of sub- wavelength wave manipulation, with the design, fabrication and size advantages associated with surface excitation. An important topic within metasurfaces is the tailored rainbow trapping and selective spatial frequency separation of electromagnetic and acoustic waves using graded metasurfaces. This frequency dependent trapping and spatial frequency segregation has implications for energy concentrators and associated energy harvesting, sensing and wave filtering techniques. Different demonstrations of acoustic and electromagnetic rainbow devices have been performed, however not for deep elastic substrates that support both shear and compressional waves, together with surface Rayleigh waves; these allow not only for Rayleigh wave rainbow effects to exist but also for mode conversion from surface into bulk waves. We design, and test experimentally, a device creating not only elastic Rayleigh wave rainbow trapping, but also selective mode conversion of surface Rayleigh waves to shear waves., Article currently submitted for review. Comments are welcome!

Published
2017

7. X-linked primary ciliary dyskinesia due to mutations in the cytoplasmic axonemal dynein assembly factor PIH1D3

Author

Olcese, Chiara, Patel, Mitali P., Shoemark, Amelia, Kiviluoto, Santeri, Legendre, Marie, Williams, Hywel J., Vaughan, Cara K., Hayward, Jane, Goldenberg, Alice, Emes, Richard D., Munye, Mustafa M., Dyer, Laura, Cahill, Thomas, Bevillard, Jeremy, Gehrig, Corinne, Guipponi, Michel, Chantot, Sandra, Duquesnoy, Philippe, Thomas, Lucie, Jeanson, Ludovic, Copin, Bruno, Tamalet, Aline, Thauvin-Robinet, Christel, Papon, Jean-Francois, Garin, Antoine, Pin, Isabelle, Vera, Gabriella, Aurora, Paul, Fassad, Mahmoud R., Jenkins, Lucy, Boustred, Christopher, Cullup, Thomas, Dixon, Mellisa, Onoufriadis, Alexandros, Bush, Andrew, Chung, Eddie M. K., Antonarakis, Stylianos E., Loebinger, Michael R., Wilson, Robert, Armengot, Miguel, Escudier, Estelle, Hogg, Claire, Amselem, Serge, Sun, Zhaoxia, Bartoloni, Lucia, Blouin, Jean-Louis, Mitchison, Hannah M., université de Bourgogne, GAD, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (UCL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Royal Brompton Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, Maladies génétiques d'expression pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau] (Inserm U933), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de génétique et embryologie médicales [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Birkbeck College [University of London], Génétique du cancer et des maladies neuropsychiatriques (GMFC), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Centre de référence national pour les maladies respiratoires rares de l’enfant RespiRare [CHU Trousseau], Service de Pneumologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-CHU Trousseau [APHP], Centre de génétique - Centre de référence des maladies rares, anomalies du développement et syndromes malformatifs (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Service d’ORL et de chirurgie cervico-faciale [CHU Le Kremlin-Bicêtre], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Alexandria University [Alexandrie], Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust [London, UK] (GOSHC), King‘s College London, Imperial College London, Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Universitat de València (UV), UK PCD Family Support Group NIHR Respiratory Disease Biomedical Research Unit at the Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust Imperial College London National Institute of Health Research and Health Education England NIH R01HL125885-01A1 R01 DK092808-01A1 Swiss National Science Foundation 32003B_135709 Milena Carvajal Pro-Kartagener Foundation of Geneva Ernst et Lucie Schmidheiny foundation of Geneva University Hospitals of Geneva National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust King's College London Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale DEQ20120323689 Legs Poix from the Chancellerie des Universites National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust University College London Wellcome Trust WT091310 Action Medical Research GN2101 Newlife Foundation 10-11/15 Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity, and NIHR

Subjects
Male, Cytoplasm, Protein Folding, Axoneme, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, outer, Genes, X-Linked, Child, defects, Phylogeny, Zebrafish, arms, Sequence Deletion, variants, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked, Pedigree, Multidisciplinary Sciences, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], motility, Child, Preschool, Microtubule Proteins, Sperm Motility, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Female, Adult, Adolescent, inner, UK10K Rare Group, r2tp complex, of-function mutations, Article, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, MD Multidisciplinary, Exome Sequencing, Animals, Humans, Point Mutation, Cilia, HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Science & Technology, Kartagener Syndrome, Infant, Newborn, Axonemal Dyneins, Disease Models, Animal, HEK293 Cells, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, identifies mutations, protein, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Sequence Alignment, Molecular Chaperones
Abstract

By moving essential body fluids and molecules, motile cilia and flagella govern respiratory mucociliary clearance, laterality determination and the transport of gametes and cerebrospinal fluid. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is an autosomal recessive disorder frequently caused by non-assembly of dynein arm motors into cilia and flagella axonemes. Before their import into cilia and flagella, multi-subunit axonemal dynein arms are thought to be stabilized and pre-assembled in the cytoplasm through a DNAAF2–DNAAF4–HSP90 complex akin to the HSP90 co-chaperone R2TP complex. Here, we demonstrate that large genomic deletions as well as point mutations involving PIH1D3 are responsible for an X-linked form of PCD causing disruption of early axonemal dynein assembly. We propose that PIH1D3, a protein that emerges as a new player of the cytoplasmic pre-assembly pathway, is part of a complementary conserved R2TP-like HSP90 co-chaperone complex, the loss of which affects assembly of a subset of inner arm dyneins., Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically heterogeneous disease resulting in reduced mucus clearance and impaired lung function. Here, the authors show that mutations in PIH1D3 are responsible for an X-linked form of PCD, affecting assembly of a subset of inner arm dyneins.

Published
2017

8. The direct-to-indirect band gap crossover in two-dimensional van der Waals Indium Selenide crystals

Author

Maciej R. Molas, Zakhar D. Kovalyuk, Viktor Zólyomi, Oleg Makarovsky, Xi Chen, Vladimir I. Fal'ko, Amalia Patanè, Garry W. Mudd, Laurence Eaves, Marek Potemski, K. Nogajewski, Zakhar R. Kudrynskyi, Go Yusa, Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Grenoble (LNCMI-G ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics and Astronomy [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Band gap, Chalcogenide, Exciton, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, National Graphene Institute, Electronic band structure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Multidisciplinary, Condensed matter physics, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Semiconductor, chemistry, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/national_graphene_institute, symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Direct and indirect band gaps, Density functional theory, van der Waals force, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The electronic band structure of van der Waals (vdW) layered crystals has properties that depend on the composition, thickness and stacking of the component layers. Here we use density functional theory and high field magneto-optics to investigate the metal chalcogenide InSe, a recent addition to the family of vdW layered crystals, which transforms from a direct to an indirect band gap semiconductor as the number of layers is reduced. We investigate this direct-to-indirect bandgap crossover, demonstrate a highly tuneable optical response from the near infrared to the visible spectrum with decreasing layer thickness down to 2 layers, and report quantum dot-like optical emissions distributed over a wide range of energy. Our analysis also indicates that electron and exciton effective masses are weakly dependent on the layer thickness and are significantly smaller than in other vdW crystals. These properties are unprecedented within the large family of vdW crystals and demonstrate the potential of InSe for electronic and photonic technologies.

Published
2016

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