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This paper explored the transmission mechanism of the public sense of gain (PSG) and YB conservation and development, suggested to take the PSG as a better regulation and guidance for the sound development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on the data of CSS2019, this paper tried to exam the PSG at the opening stage of Chinese major strategy on YB Conservation and Development. An evaluation index system including 5 factor dimensions and 25 indices was constructed, and the normal distribution was used to fitting the survey data, after that, the dominance matrix method was applied to make decision based on PROMETHEE?. The empirical analysis results indicated that the PSG of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River was lower than the overall level of China, while that of Henan and Shandong in the lower Yellow River were both higher than its national average; and the public generally had a higher sense of gain on government public service and social civilization, however, the PSG on individual self-fulfillments of Henan and Shandong and that on economic situations of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River were both at a lower level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]