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This study examined the effect of applying cellulose nanoparticles as a filling material for phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin in the process of manufacturing water-resistant plywood. Based on investigations that concerned the rheological behavior of resin mixture containing various amounts of nanofiller, the modification of resin resulted in a major increase of viscosity. Although Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy did not fully explain the effect of modification on the chemical structure of the adhesive, there was a noticeable improvement in the morphology of cured nanocellulose-reinforced resin. Based on the bonding quality results, the optimum amount of nanocellulose was 3 PBW (parts by weight) per 100 PBW of resin and it allowed the achievement of a notable increase in shear strength values. Moreover, introduction of cellulosic nanoparticles had a positive effect on mechanical properties such as bending strength and modulus of elasticity. In summary, the research showed that it is possible to apply nanocellulose as a modifier for the adhesives in the process of manufacturing water-resistant plywood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical and mechanical properties were evaluated for industrial and laboratory boards intended to be used in the construction industry. The boards were subjected to accelerated aging tests including resistance to humidity in the conditions of cyclic test in accordance with EN 321 (2002), and determination of dimensional changes resulting from changes in relative humidity according to EN 318 (2002). The greatest changes were observed after one test cycle. Moreover, the boards made of fine chips demonstrated slightly higher resistance to the tested factors. Although laboratory boards showed a much lower density, their behavior following the exposure to the assessed factors was similar to that of industrial plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of replacing the rye flour commonly used as a filler for urea formaldehyde resins was investigated for plywood production with birch bark characterized by various particle dimensions. The effects on the curing and rheological properties of the adhesives were investigated. Moreover, the plywood was tested to evaluate the formaldehyde emissions, bonding quality, modulus of elasticity, and bending strength. The results showed that the size of the bark particles had a significant effect on the viscosity of the adhesives but did not affect other properties of the resin. Replacing the flour with the bark significantly decreased the formaldehyde release, but there was no clear correlation with the dimensional fraction of the bark powder. The particle size had notable effects on bonding quality and mechanical properties. The best results were obtained for a sieve with square holes whose inside lengths were 0.315; however, all plywood samples achieved shear strength values exceeding the requirements of EN 314-2 (1993). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the manufacture of flat-pressed wood plastic composites (WPC) using rape chips glued with polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI). Manufactured boards were of 5-ply type, with 30% polyethylene (PE) content in individual layers. The following properties were assessed: modulus of rupture (MOR); modulus of elasticity (MOE); internal bonding strength (IB); thickness swelling (TS) after 24 hours; water absorption (WA); and noise reduction effectiveness. The tests revealed better physical and mechanical properties of polymer-particle boards than similar polymer and rape boards. It was also demonstrated that a change in mechanical properties of polymer and lignin-cellulose boards is strongly associated with polymer location in individual board layers, and that greater porosity of wood material ensures better polymer anchoring in its structure, when compared with rape straw particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various flours were added as fillers for urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin, and effects on the rheological behavior and the curing properties of the resin were evaluated. The plywood properties such as bonding quality, bending strength, modulus of elasticity, and formaldehyde-release were tested. Five types of flours were used, i.e., rye flour, hemp flour, coconut flour, rice flour, and pumpkin flour. The type of flour had a major influence on the properties of resin mixture such as gel time, solid content, and viscosity. The use of rye and pumpkin flour resulted in a longer gelling time, and the adhesive mixture filled with rice flour did not attain the desired viscosity value needed for the production of plywood. The best mechanical properties and bonding quality were achieved by addition of pumpkin flour. However, the bonding quality of plywood glued with an adhesive filled with every other flour retained good values exceeding 1 N/mm² as required by the standard EN 314-2 (1993). The use of hemp flour as a filler for UF resin led to a substantial decrease of free formaldehyde content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of selected technological aspects was studied relative to characteristics of oriented strand lumber (OSL) boards manufactured from pine strands. Six types of boards were prepared, differing in the strand fraction size, density (700 kg/m3 and 800 kg/m3), and adhesive used to glue the strands in the core layer. The adhesives compared were melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI). The results showed that the OSL boards had good physical and mechanical properties, even though pine strands of diverse characteristics, particularly in terms of their length and width, were used for their production. The influence of strand size was clear in the results of the bending and elongation tests. Both for the bending test and tensile strength in a direction parallel to the wood grain, the properties were on average 20% greater for boards made of larger strands compared to those made of smaller strands. However, the latter demonstrated greater internal bonding strength (IB). The weakness of OSL boards made from small strands was their low modulus of elasticity, particularly when the board density was simultaneously reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigated the possibility of using very fine wood chips for the production of P5 type building boards according to the EN 312 (2010) standard. Small wood chips are more evenly compressed during mat pressing because they have a high bulk density. Therefore, the beneficial effects of forming denser outer layers is lost. To achieve the desired shape of the density profile curve of a board, the moisture content of the chips used in the outer face layers was increased considerably (up to about 30%). As a result of the conducted tests, the mechanical properties of the manufactured boards met the EN 312 requirements for P5 boards above a density of 650 kg/m³. In cases when the additional conditions are being met, the standard requirements may be met at an even lower density level of approximately 550 kg/m³. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long fibers from fast growing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) were used as a raw material for the production of insulation boards in this preliminary work. Hemp fiber boards with densities that ranged from 300 kg/m3 to 1100 kg/m3 were studied. The boards were pressed as one- or three-layered structures. In the three-layered structure, the core was formed of hemp fibers and the outer layers were manufactured from 1.5-mm thick birch veneers. The basic insulation properties of the boards were tested. The heat transfer coefficient value for the boards without veneers allowed this material to be classified as an insulating material. Although the additional veneer layers significantly impaired the heat transfer coefficient, its value was still lower than that of standard wood-based board materials with a similar density. The produced boards were characterized as having good noise reduction properties. The acoustic insulation factor was higher compared with boards intended to be used as thermal insulation, such as mineral wool or light fiberboards with four times greater thicknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dimensional stability of oriented strand boards (OSB) was evaluated in terms of the changes in their length, static bending strength, and modulus of elasticity. Outer layers of these boards were manufactured from particles other than strand chips. The boards were exposed to an air relative humidity of 30%, 65%, or 85%. Dimensional alterations were determined separately for absorption (from 65% to 85% RH) and desorption (from 65% to 30% RH) changes. Changes in the mechanical properties of the boards were evaluated after they underwent two cycles of the conditioning process and were compared with the baseline values. The study implied that relative changes in the mechanical properties and length increased when there was a reduction in the size of chips that formed the outer layers. A linear relationship was established between the relative changes in the board length determined for the axis that was more susceptible to deformation and the modulus of elasticity. These changes were inversely proportional to the value of the modulus of elasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes an attempt to use long fibres from fast growing hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) as a raw material for the production of boards for the building and furniture industry. Hemp fibre boards with densities of 300 to 1100 kg/m3 were studied. The board surfaces were finished using a one-cycle method in which birch veneers were pressed to make the boards. The pulp was glued with pMDI (9 wt.% based on dry weight). The basic mechanical and hydrophobic properties of the boards were tested. The static bending strength and modulus of elasticity of the boards with a density of about 650 kg/m3 were comparable to P2 furniture boards. Only the higher density boards had adequate properties that met standards for the building industry, which were comparable to those of OSB/3 and MFP boards. Hemp fibre boards were characterised by relatively good water resistance, which was manifested by low swelling and low soaking susceptibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the possibility of producing oriented strand boards (OSB) from non-strand chips. Properties of the produced boards were compared with commercially available OSB/3. Research has shown that replacing the strand chips of external layers with smaller chips allowed for the manufacturing of OSB/3 using chips up to four times shorter than standard strand chips. Oriented strand board manufacturers should consider preparing a new standard and introducing the market to a new type of OSB with very good mechanical properties and made of selected strand chips comprising one of the fractions obtained during screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the possibility of producing low-density oriented strand boards (OSB) from industrial chips of Pinus sylvestris L. Statistical analysis was used to determine the lowest possible density of resulting OSBs meeting the requirements of EN standard 300 for type 3 boards. The analysis revealed that this type of board could be obtained with a density as low as 425 kg/m³, corresponding to a compression ratio of about 0.85 for pine wood. An important parameter was the quality of the pine chips, the dimensions of which should be as close as possible to the dimensions of standard wood strands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study concerns the influence of selected fungi on changes in physical and mechanical properties of type P2 particleboards intended for use in dry conditions. The tested fungi included Aspergillus niger van Tiehgem, Chaetomium globosum Kunze et Fr., Trichoderma viride Persoon ex S.F., Gray aggr., and Penicillium funiculosum Thom. The incubation process lasted for 16 weeks, yet samples for the strength test were selected after a period of four weeks. The degradation level of boards was estimated by measuring the decrement of initial mass and changes in physicomechanical properties. The obtained results showed that mechanical strength of the investigated boards affected by the tested fungi decreased by 15% to 20%. However, the differences in DSC thermographs indicate that it is cellulose that mainly undergoes degradation in the wood of the investigated boards. Based on the changes in mechanical properties and DSC analyses, we consider T. viride and A. niger as the most aggressive fungal species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the impact of the number of cycles of the V313 test (EN 321 2002) on the mechanical properties of 15-mm-thick OSB/3 and OSB/4. The obtained results were compared with the properties of the boards exposed to external environmental conditions. The results of the study indicate that the tested boards were characterized with a 50% decrease in static bending strength and a 70% decrease in tensile strength perpendicular to the plane. However, both types of boards met the requirements of the standard (EN 300 2006) with respect to their modulus of rupture. The method of exposing boards to outdoor conditions has a substantial influence on the change of the physicomechanical properties of OSBs. In the boards used in this study, however, those changes occurred slower than those evoked by the V313 test, especially after an upright exposure. For these reasons, for that type of board storage, an equation was determined that can bring the property changes following the V313 test into an acceptable range to allow for the evaluation of the board properties. In the case of vertical exposure, from the second year forward, changes in the properties of the OSB/3 were similar to those presented by the boards demonstrated from the second cycle of the V313 test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strand substitution was evaluated for the core of OSB with chips produced by grinding of recycled particleboards and wood waste. All the boards manufactured under laboratory conditions having a share of small chips in the core had high mechanical parameters, thus meeting the requirements of the standard for OSB/3. No significant effect was found of the applied modification of the core on bending strength or modulus of elasticity (MOE) determined for the longer axis. In turn, such properties as modulus of rupture (MOR) and MOE, determined for the shorter axis, as well as internal bond (IB) were rapidly reduced. In the case of boards containing 100% recycled chips in the core, a reduction was found in values of MOR, MOE, and IB by 45%, 30%, and 45%, respectively. In turn, the application of small chips, which previously had not been resinated, makes it possible to manufacture boards with internal bond lower by only 30%, even at the 100% substitution. Application of recycled chips produced by grinding of the P2 type particleboard did not make it possible to manufacture boards meeting the requirements of the standard after the boiling test, irrespective of the amount of small chips added to the core. Boards containing in their core small chips, which previously had not been resinated, had much better properties in this respect, since only in case of 100% substitution the manufactured boards exhibited internal bond after the boiling test lower than the requirements of the standard EN 300. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]