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This volume contains nine chapters that detail recent advances in health and disease. Chapter One discusses the roles and structure of hemoglobin, the iron-containing metalloprotein responsible for oxygen transport. Chapter Two analyzes the understanding that systemic inflammation underlies comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Considering the many biological activities and medicinal uses of Bauhinia spp., Chapter Three presents an overview of the genus, providing an update on the botanical characteristics, chemical properties, and antimicrobial activity. Chapter Four details the pharmacokinetics of ace inhibitors and their role in diseases. Chapter Five proposes an alternative treatment of psycho-emotional disorders in limonene. Chapter Six discusses loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), a technique for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and several other bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral infections. Chapter Seven aims to address the role and regulation of Heme Oxygenase-1 and the signaling pathways modulated by it toward gaining a comprehensive knowledge of this critical regulator of macrophage defense. Chapter Eight provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and functional insights on renin, shedding light on its role in the physiological pathways involved in blood pressure control. Lastly, Chapter Nine analyzes the studies of ceftazidime-avibactam carried out to date.