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The experience of stress in daily life is associated with mental and physical health (Almeida, 2005). Stressors that are commonly experienced in daily life such as conflicts, workplace stress, and traffic issues contribute significantly to mental and physical health outcomes (Charles et al., 2013; Leger et al., 2015; Piazza et al., 2013). Some groups of individuals experience more daily stressors than others. Individuals who identify as sexual and gender minorities (SGM) report experiencing more stress than cisgender and heterosexual (CH) individuals. The years spent as undergraduate students typically involve high levels of stress, as young adults often navigate stressors including academic stressors, financial burdens, and relationship stressors (Hurst et al., 2012). Preliminary research during the COVID-19 pandemic indicates that disparities in stress and mental health have become more pronounced for undergraduate students with SGM identities (Hoyt et al., 2021). The primary aim of this study was to examine the daily stressors experienced by undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic, the association between the experience of daily stress and same-day negative mood, and whether these vary between undergraduate students with SGM identities and their CH counterparts. We will explore these topics with two sets of research questions: (1) Do the risks of experiencing specific types of daily stressors differ between SGM individuals and CH individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic? We will examine group differences on the likelihood of experiencing the following types of stressors: Argument, conflict, or disagreement; family or home stress; work or school stress; financial problem; traffic or transportation stress; health problem or accident; stressful event that happened to close friends or family; and any stressor. (2) Do SGM individuals experience greater reactivity to daily stressors in terms of same-day reports of negative mood compared to CH individuals?

In this large scale RCT field trial, the core aim is to test established environmental psychological interventions (information provision, social norm communication, feedback on own consumption, competition, commitment, and collective vs. individual framing) to reduce electricity consumption through a standardized online intervention platform in six European countries (Norway, Türkiye, Germany, Austria, Italy, Romania) in a six week campaign. Secondary research questions are if the communication channel to the participants makes a difference: Different types of user partners in the project recruit participants to the platform (electricity providers, NGOs, and municipalities) and use all communication channels that they have with their citizens or customers.

Most studies on electric vehicle (EV) driving rely on early adopters or study purchase intention. In this online questionnaire study, we want to focus on actual driving experience of EV drivers and identify attitudes and worldviews as predictors for EV driving duration. Also, the effects of EV driving duration and biospheric values on the formation of an environmental self-identity (ESI) will be investigated. Moreover, a message framing intervention will be carried out to test whether the influence of EV driving duration on the environmental self-identity is influenced by the framing of EV driving (as past behavior) as (not) environmentally friendly.

This cross-sectional study looks to investigate whether the previously reported positive relationship between physical activity and mental wellbeing is comparable between cisgender and transgender groups. This study also looks to examine the impact of barriers to physical activity on this relationship.

This randomised control trial will study the effects of two interventions (i.e., colour coded eco-labels, colour coded receipt) on sustainable food choices in an online supermarket. Participants will complete the shopping task twice over two sessions to assess whether the effectiveness of the colour coded labels is maintained over time and the presentation of the receipt in the first session influences more sustainable food choices in the second session.

In der heutigen Gesellschaft werden soziale Medien sehr viel genutzt, überwiegend als Weg zur Kommunikation. Studierende benutzen soziale Medien, um mit Freunden, Bekannten, anderen Studierenden und bspw. Dozierenden in Kontakt zu bleiben. Auch für das Finden von nützlichen Informationen und gemeinschaftliches Lernen sind die sozialen Medien für Studierende von Bedeutung. Aufgrund der steigenden Bedeutung der sozialen Medien im akademischen Umfeld wurde eine Studie von Mugahed and Shahizan im Jahr 2013 durchgeführt um den Zusammenhang zwischen sozialen Medien und akademischer Leistung in Malaysia zu erforschen. Die Daten wurden an einer technischen Universität erhoben. Die sozialen Medien haben nach wie vor einen großen Stellenwert in der Gesellschaft und sind auch in westlichen Kulturen weit verbreitet und haben einen großen Einfluss auf viele Menschen. Aus diesem Grund wird die Studie erneut im Rahmen einer Repikationsstudie an deutschen Universitäten und Fachhochschulen erhoben. Auch hier sollen Zusammenhänge zwischen den sozialen Medien und der akademischen Leistung von Studiernenden untersucht werden.

This study aims at further investigating the role of disgust in moral condemnation based on the moralization hypothesis of neo-sentimentalist views of moral judgment. It´s a replication of the experimental procedure first used by Eskine et al. (2011), a study that used disgust to amplify condemnation of already moralized behavior. However, instead of using behavior already percieved as morally wrong we will have subjects evaluate unusual and norm-deviant but morally neutral behavior. This detail is also how the present study differs from Jyllka et al. (2020) that seemingly used completely morally and normatively neutral scenarios. The subjects in the experimental condition will conduct these moral judgments during the influence of a bitter liquid, which is hypothesized to also activate moral disgust attributions.

We aim to investigate whether changes in ideal figure sizes of Cosmopolitan cover models corresponds with changes in the prevalence of anorexia in the U.S. over the past nine decades (1930s-2010s). For the purpose of this research, data was obtained from previous studies to provide an overview of anorexia rates in the U.S. (Human Progress Data, 2022; Hoek & Hoek, 2003) and one Cosmopolitan magazine cover was randomly selected per year over the past nine decades (Cosmopolitan, 1930-2019). To increase informativeness of our model, we further include gender, race, and sexual orientation as predictors of this effect.

When interviewing vulnerable witnesses, such as children, investigative interviewers in England and Wales are advised to follow the Achieving Best Evidence (ABE) in Criminal Proceedings guidelines (MoJ, 2022). These guidelines recommend that practitioners engage in a truth-lies discussion with child witnesses at the end of the rapport phase of an interview. Such discussions aim to make children aware of the importance of telling the truth, thus encouraging them to provide an honest and truthful statement. However, there is no standardised procedure involving the employment of truth-lies discussions in practice and to date, little is known about whether, and how, these discussions are employed in the field. This study will explore police officers’ perceptions and experiences of promoting honesty in child witnesses through interviewing strategies such as truth-lies discussions. Police officers, trained in ABE guidelines and who regularly interview child witnesses, will be invited to complete an online survey. Multiple choice and open-ended questions will explore (i) practitioners’ experiences of promoting honesty during interviews with children, (ii) potential obstacles encountered, and (iii) recommendations for alternative honesty-promoting strategies.

This is a test of the test-retest reliability of moral decisions, with an additional point of asking people not only is an action appropriate but if they would perform the action.

A cross-sectional study run via Prolific Academic. There were 220 participants and ethicality was confirmed through the UNSW human research ethics panel. Hypothesis: Those who hold the primal world belief of the world being more mechanistic than alive have higher levels of anxious feelings than those who have the primal world belief of the world being more alive than mechanistic.

Theory proposes that emotion differentiation is beneficial because more specific emotion labels provide us with information we can use to regulate our emotions in desired ways. For example, we can regulate our emotions to feel better in the moment (hedonic motive), or gain benefits in task performance, learning, social relations, and personal growth (instrumental motives). Thus, emotion differentiation may be linked to motivations to regulate emotions to achieve this broad range of benefits. To test this link, initially we analysed experience sampling data from an Australian sample which found that trait emotion differentiation is associated with reporting more instrumental motives when negative emotions are more intense (and less motives when emotions are less intense). There were no effects for positive emotions and positive emotion differentiation. Now we aim to replicate the study with a slightly different survey and sample. In the current study participants completed surveys seven times a day for 14 days. We asked participants to tell us their level of negative emotion: sad, angry, stressed, during a negative event (or any event if no negative event occurred). They then reported whether or not they tried to decrease negative feelings, and their motives for regulating. Based on our findings from the first study, we hypothesise that the relationship between trait emotion differentiation and instrumental motive use will be moderated by emotion intensity. We hypothesise that this pattern will be such that high differentiators will report more motives when emotions are more intense, whereas this may not be true for low differentiators. The first study found that overall, emotion differentiation predicts less instrumental motive use so we predict that this will follow in the current study.

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a prevalent phenomenon with potentially serious consequences to a musician’s well-being and professional career. Yet, MPA does not always affect performance quality. It is hypothesized that trait anxiety, situational stress, and task mastery can exacerbate the effects of MPA and affect performance quality. Furthermore, it is unclear whether these effects are noticeable to both listeners and performing musicians. We measure performance quality as the expressiveness scores assigned by musicians and listeners to a set of pre-recorded performances. We selected three pianists with low, mid, and high MPA. Each pianist performed two pieces of their choice, familiar and unfamiliar, which were performed in rehearsal and recital conditions. The performances were videoed and edited into shorter clips for being presented to the performing pianists and to a set of online raters. Listeners and pianists will be asked to rate the expressiveness of all clips. We will determine the difference between the listeners’ perceived expressiveness and the pianists’ own expressiveness scores to estimate how well did listeners understand the pianists’ expressive intentions. We investigate 1) what is the effect of trait anxiety, situational stress, and task mastery on the listener’s perception of expressiveness and 2) what is the effect of these same variables on the listeners’ understanding of expressiveness.

The meta-analysis is intended to be a systematic examination of individual facets of the self and the so-called Imposter Syndrome/Phenomenon. Through the meta-analysis, a conceptual approach to the term Imposter Phenomenon will take place and conclusions will be drawn as to which constructs are associated with it.

In the legal system, victims of crimes are offered a protected set of rights to be heard and referred to services. However, victims of intimate partner violence come forward and seek services and help for the crimes committed upon them at much lower rates than victims of other interpersonal crimes. In this study, the Theory of Planned Behavior will be utilized to assess individual behavioral predictors of formal help-seeking in victims of intimate partner violence in order to better understand factors that promote or inhibit help-seeking in this vulnerable population, including victims’ attitudes about help seeking, the subjective norms they feel about help seeking, their perceived ability to get help, and the relationship these factors have with prior experiences.

The goal of this study is to better understand how time pressure affects the decision-making process of legal judgments, more specifically coherence shift. Participants will be shown various social (phase 1) as well as legal scenarios (phase 2), for which they have to make an assessment and a judgment (phase 3). The legal judgement task will either completed under time pressure (condition 1) or without time pressure (condition 2).

Haley Sturges Graduate Research Grant Fall 2022

A scoping review will be conducted to determine how engaging in technology-facilitated sexual violence has been studied and described in the literature.

The present study aimed to investigate the role of birds (environment characteristics) and bird identification (individual differences) in the cognitive restoration process.

The original study tested the prediction that reverse priming effects in response to brands can be obtained if consumers recognize how brands would be instrumental to persuasion. Accordingly, rather than merely rating persuasion intent in the priming task, participants were prompted to temporarily focus on brands (or slogans) as marketing tactics. This manipulation should not change perceptions of slogans, which already are perceived as persuasion tactics, but should change perceptions of brands. Brands should no longer produce a priming effect; rather, both slogans and brands should produce reverse priming effects. The study also examined the hypothesis that the perceived persuasion intent of brands or slogans mediates the effects. Our focus is to replicate this study with german brands and slogans and also integrate the covariate "attitude towards spending money" in our additional exploratory analysis.

We test the suitability of a newly-developed model of video game play and well-being, the Basic Needs in Games (BANG) model. We do so using data from a 12-week study of Xbox play and well-being, which includes 6 biweekly surveys alongside digital trace data logged directly from Xbox throughout the duration of the study.

This Pre-Registration is only pertaining to one part of the planned analysis and study, as we want to present preliminary results as a poster at a doctoral conference. We will publish a second complete pre-registration with more details at a later point. !! You brush your teeth, you decide to get a stylish gravel front yard, you buy a cheese sandwich for lunch, you order an e-reader on the internet, you decide that you want to have two children, you waterproof the new shoes you bought. What do these behaviours have in common? They have an impact on the natural environment and on climate change, just like virtually everything we do every day does. Due to the large cumulative emission reduction potential of individual behaviour (Dietz et al., 2009), much of environmental psychology has focused on interventions to promote individual PEB. Such interventions often draw from theories of behaviour change (e.g., Ajzen, 1991; Bamberg, 2013), and practical knowledge on the perceptions of particular behaviours (e.g., Stern et al., 2018; Truelove & Gillis, 2018). I propose that social and reputational risks that certain PEB can incur (e.g., Greenebaum et al., 2012; van de Grint et al., 2021) are an important perception dimension that has been overlooked so far in the literature on perception of PEB, while holding potential to inform interventions for behaviour change or improving relationships between societal groups. One size does not fit all: Why we need to know how people perceive different PEB Behaviour change interventions often tackle factors from established behaviour change theories that have been shown to influence behaviour. Such factors may be beliefs about consequences of a behaviour, one’s ability to perform a behaviour, personal and social norms, just to name a few (see for examples of theories Ajzen, 1991; Bamberg, 2013; Schwartz, 1992). Behaviour change interventions are also often based on the predominant perceptions of the behaviour in question among the public. For example, if a behaviour is perceived predominantly as expensive (e.g., buying an electric car), financial subsidies may be a promising intervention to promote that behaviour. If certain behaviours are mistakenly perceived as having low impact on the environment (e.g., air travel; Wynes et al., 2020), an intervention communicating the real impact of the behaviour is advisable. Investigating how people perceive specific PEB complements research on behaviour change theories in important ways. While some behaviours can be successfully predicted by general theories, which often include largely attitudinal factors (e.g., energy-saving; Abrahamse & Schuitema, 2020) others may depend much more on their own unique influencing factors, such as the context in which they are performed in (e.g., flying; Whitmarsh et al., 2020). Thus, researching the perceptions of different PEB is pivotal, to advance the behaviour change literature. Among these perceptions, the social and reputational risks that PEB may incur has received little attention in the literature so far, but may be an important predictor of some behaviours, as I will outline in the following section. Why should investigate the social risks different PEB may incur? Perception dimensions which PEB have been found to differ on are costs, difficulty, self-efficacy, and environmental benefit, just to name a few (see Truelove & Gillis, 2018, for an overview). However, recent research strongly suggests that individuals consider yet another dimension when deciding whether or not to engage in certain PEB: the social and reputational costs that may be associated with the behaviour (henceforth derogation potential). Some omnivores or vegetarians who had considered adopting a vegan diet, reported having decided against it because they expected negative reactions from their family and friends (Markowski & Roxburgh, 2019). Similarly, individuals strategically avoid engaging in specific PEB, based on whether they want to be seen as environmentalists or not, thus trying to avoid derogation for being an environmentalist (‘brown to keep down’ effect; Brick et al., 2017). Furthermore, when anticipating derogation for engaging in a particular PEB, individuals tend to hide the fact they perform the behaviour (e.g., Bolderdijk & Cornelissen, 2022; Greenebaum, 2012), or justify why they behave like they do in a way that is non-threatening to their conversation partner (Bolderdijk & Cornelissen, 2022; Bolderdijk et al., in press; Greenebaum, 2012). Derogation has been found for a range of PEB, such as zero-wasting, energy-saving, organic consumption (Bolderdijk et al., 2018; Sparkman & Attari, 2020; van de Grint et al., 2021), and activism (Steentjes et al., 2017). However, much of the literature has focused on vegetarians and/or vegans (henceforth veg*ans and veg*ism; e.g., Greenebaum, 2012; Minson & Monin, 2012; Bolderdijk & Cornelissen, 2022), although veg*ism is just one of many behaviours that are effective at mitigating climate change (Wynes & Nicholas, 2017). Hence, the question is whether the literature rightly reflects the particularly large social and reputational risks of veg*ism, or whether its dominance in the literature is grounded in other reasons, such as researcher interest, or pragmatism. This study aims to categorize a range of PEB according to the derogation potential associated with them. This new evidence can guide researchers, practitioners and interventionists on whether they need to consider derogation potential as a barrier to engaging in PEB. The study will investigate the following research questions: (RQ1) How are different PEB rated on dimensions related to their derogation potential, and which are the socially costliest PEB? (RQ2). How are the past behaviour, difficulty and the visibility of different PEB associated with their derogation potential?

Fraction magnitude understanding was found to be an important predictor of later math achievement. Several studies were conducted aiming at disentangling the underlying mechanisms of fraction magnitude processing in general. Overall, results suggest that the holistic magnitude of fractions is not always activated and used automatically. Rather, the use of holistic and componential processes seems to depend on the type of fraction, amongst other factors. Following this line of research, the current study sets out to further expand our knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of fraction magnitude processing by specifically zooming in on a so far under-researched fraction type: equivalent fractions. As an extension to the study by Gabriel et al. (2013), in the present study, participants will be presented with a same-different-task evaluating their performance in categorizing fractions pairs as numerically the same (i.e., when these are identical, e.g., 1/2_1/2 or equivalent, e.g., 1/2_2/4) or numerically different (e.g., 1/2_1/3). Equivalent fraction pairs were further manipulated with respect to the divisor required to reduce them to the respective base fraction (e.g., divisor 2: 1/2_2/4, divisor 3: 1/2_3/6, divisor 4: 1/2_4/8). In addition, participants will be presented with a multiplication verification task to evaluate their performance in arithmetic fact retrieval. RQ: What are the underlying processes of processing equivalent fractions? • Are equivalent fractions processed holistically or componentially? • Does multiplication fact knowledge influence the processing of equivalent fractions?

Indonesia adalah negara demokrasi yang menjunjung tinggi keadilan bagi seluruh rakyat. Namun pada realitanya, tidak semua orang dianggap mampu untuk menjadi sosok pemimpin di Indonesia. Beberapa kelompok, seperti jenis kelamin dan agama merasa bahwa perempuan dari agama minoritas (non-Muslim) sulit untuk menjadi kandidat politik. Fenomena ini dapat dijelaskan melalui integrated threat theory dengan empat faktor, yaitu realistic threat, symbolic threat, intergroup anxiety, negative stereotype. Penelitian ini akan dianalisis menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda, dengan total target 400 partisipan. Hasil penelitian akan menunjukkan daya prediktif integrated threat theory terhadap intensi memilih kandidat politik perempuan non-Muslim.

The purpose of this experiment is to understand how the coronavirus pandemic affected the mental health of Asian Americans due to the uprise of racial/ethnic discrimination against Asians and Asian Americans. Various factors that could potentially alter the impact of racial/ethnic discrimination on mental health will be explored, such as ethnic identity levels.

This project is part of a class assignment at Vassar College, completed for educational purposes only

Scoping review to help define 'elite' in esports

Awe is an emotional experience that is thought to result from two main eliciting features: exposure to a stimulus that is vast in nature and a need for accommodation. Although many studies have assessed awe, the use of different measures across these studies leaves open psychometric questions and complicates cross-study comparisons. The primary goal of the present study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of five different measures of awe. To address these goals, two samples of participants will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) recall a time when they experienced positive awe; (2) recall a time when they experienced negative awe; or (3) a control condition where they recall completing a neutral task. Subsequently, all participants will complete multiple measures of awe. Responsiveness to the manipulation, along with internal consistency, convergent validity, and criterion validity of each measure will be evaluated. These findings will help to clarify issues about the assessment of awe and will help integrate results across existing studies.

The aim of the project is the development, testing and application of a new instrument for the assessment of deviant sexual interest, which is to be used as a supportive in diagnostics and therapy, e.g. for persons who have committed sexual abuse against children. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) can be used to assess the strength of implicit associations in memory (Greenwald et al., 1998). In the context of experimental forensic research, the IAT was developed to assess implicit child-sex associations. In a meta-analysis involving 707 subjects, Babchishin et al., 2013 found a good discriminatory ability of the IAT for individuals who have committed sexually abusive acts against children and healthy nonoffending individuals. This certainly decreased significantly, however, when other comparison groups were used, such as individuals who have committed sexual offenses against adults (Babchishin et al., 2013). In the wanting-IAT developed by Rothermund and colleagues at FSU, the aim is to identify the associations for specific memory items through the induction of a "need/motivation" (wanting) to strengthen the desired effects to be measured. Initial studies by colleagues demonstrate the functionality of this approach (e.g., Grigutsch et al., 2019; Koranyi et al., 2017; Koranyi et al., 2020). Therefore, this approach will be modified and tested in a joint collaborative project for the assessment of deviant sexual. In a initial study, approximately 80 healthy heterosexual males with a sexual interest in adults will be examined. Based on the results of this study modifications to the experiment will be made, if necessary, and additional healthy subjects will be studied. In the long term, subjects with a sexual interest in children will be included in the study.

A Protocol for Mini Systematic Review for my MSc Applied Psychology, titled: Mini Systematic Review of the efficacy of CBT-based interventions for clinical perfectionism of people with depression.

In gaze cueing tasks, where a central agent looking in a direction is presented and is then followed by the appearance of a peripheral target, participants response times are reduced when the target appears at the gazed-at location, even if the gaze was not predictive of it (i.e., gaze cueing effect). Recent research is discussing the role of inferred mental states from others in phenomena like the gaze cueing effect. Using NAO, a social robot that has shown to induce gaze cueing effects in human users, we plan to test the role of mental attribution in gaze following. It has been shown that an intentional stance, the view the behavior of others in terms of mental properties, can be induced toward robots.

This is a pooled analysis of the relationship between risk behavior and anxiety in adolescents

A two part study. Part one consists of an exploratory factor analysis (with parallel analysis) to extend the cortical hyperexcitability index, a trait-based proxy measure of cortical hyperexcitability, into the auditory domain. Here the work will revise the phrasing of some of the original items, but also add items on anomalous auditory experiences. In part two we will investigate how irritative auditory stimuli (in comparison to non-irritative baseline auditory stimuli) impact on simultaneously presented visual stimuli (the pattern glare test), a state-based behavioural paradigm which can be used to measure an individual's degree of visual cortical hyperexcitability.

We recently proposed, and found support for, a new conceptual model of plea decision making (informed by Fuzzy Trace Theory; Reyna, 2012), that explains the plea decisions of non-detained, factually guilty (mock) defendants who are choosing between a guilty plea or trial, where both the plea and potential trial sentence entails incarceration (Zottoli et al., under review). Our model expects plea decisions to be affected by meaningful, categorical changes in perceived conviction probability (e.g., low-to-moderate; moderate-to-high) and by the presence and magnitude of categorical distinctions between plea offers and potential trial sentences (e.g., small-to-medium; medium-to-large), rather than fine-grained differences between individual offers. In this study we seek to clarify the prior findings with respect to the form of the function relating plea-discount and perceived probability of conviction to plea acceptance for guilty-mock defendants, and extend the model to factually innocent defendants. We will use a modified crime scenario to replicate the Zottoli et al., (under review) plea discount conditions (0.1 to 0.9) across two of their three potential trial sentence conditions (9 year, 18 year), and will add a factually innocent condition.

Artificial intelligence (AI) solutions are increasingly being used by organizations to select candidates when hiring. The recruitment of highly qualified personnel is an essential task for companies. Selecting the right personnel provides a competitive advantage that determines whether a company has the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to succeed in the highly competitive business environment. Especially in times of demographic change and the “War for Talent” (Chambers et al., 1998), companies see the potential of utilizing AI (Acikgoz et al., 2020). On the one hand, this has economic reasons, as AI allows for the fast processing of a large number of applications, which makes applicant selection processes faster and more efficient (Alsever, 2017). On the other hand, AIs ideally contribute to more objectivity and consistency as they process each application in the same way, potentially reducing human-bias in terms of unconscious biases and stereotypes that influence human behavior and decisions (Lacroux & Martin-Lacroux, 2022). At the same time, the use of algorithms also carries the risk of potential discrimination on a large scale, as they can also be vulnerable to biases in terms of gender and ethnicity, for example, if they rely on inaccurate or biased input and training data (Kim, 2017). This can be detrimental to applicants as well as companies. However, in light of the advancing digitization and the shortage of skilled labor, the adoption of AI in recruiting will continue to gain relevance in the coming years (Ahmed, 2018). Employer reputation and branding play an important role in attracting applicants, as the impression gained during the recruitment and selection process influences whether those who initially applied will stay in the applicant pool and ultimately accept a job offer (Acikgoz, 2019). Therefore, considering the applicant's perspective and ensuring that they have a positive opinion of the recruitment process is important for the success of recruitment efforts. Not taking into consideration how potential applicants perceive the use of AI in the applicant selection process can negatively impact the employer’s image, as applicants might, for instance, perceive the use of AI to evaluate humans as demeaning and dehumanizing (Lee, 2018). This attitude of general distrust towards algorithms refers to the phenomenon of algorithm aversion. Research has shown that trust in algorithms remains low, even though many algorithms are superior to humans in certain tasks, because they are more reliable and accurate in most cases (Burton et al., 2020; Jussupow et al., 2020). In addition, several studies have shown that individuals give more weight to human as compared to AI input (Önkal et al., 2009; Promberger & Baron, 2006). A study by Lee (2018) showed that many lay people believe that algorithms are unable to identify good candidates, because they lack the human judgment and intuition that are necessary, in their eyes, for subjective decisions such as hiring employees. This suggests that, overall, trust in AI systems is lower when it comes to assessing people, as it is often the case in Human Resources (HR) (Lacroux & Martin-Lacroux, 2022). The general distrust in algorithms can inhibit the adoption and efficacy of technologies, as trust is a crucial factor for technology acceptance, making it important to establish the right level of trust (Lee, 2018; Lee & See, 2004). Although the phenomenon of algorithm aversion is well established, there are relatively few studies that examine which variables contribute to increasing applicants' trust in algorithmic selection systems and thus decreasing algorithm aversion. Therefore, further research is required for the use of AI and the reduction of algorithm aversion in the HR field. This study examines two factors in terms of their potential influence on trust in AI systems: Personal information inquiries and feedback opportunities. In a paper by Lee (2018), it was suggested for future research to investigate the impact of interaction on the perception of AI decisions. A similar implication for further research was given in an empirical study by Dahm and Dregger (2019), who suggested communicating the score determined by an AI to applicants to increase trust in the AI system. The type of interaction we therefore consider as especially relevant is giving feedback. In this regard, feedback on the applicant’s suitability for a job in the selection process conducted by an AI might impact the applicant’s trust in the AI-based selection system. Yarger et al. (2020) stated in their paper that a growing number of companies are using AI to remove personally identifying information such as name, gender, age, ethnic and racial background as known sources of human and unconscious biases from the hiring process to provide equal opportunity. Blind hiring is a practice increasingly used by organizations to consider applicants primarily on the basis of their skills. This reduces bias and can increase the trustworthiness of AI (Yarger et al., 2020). Thus, we will additionally assess how inquiring versus not inquiring about personal information during the AI-based selection process affects applicants’ trust in such AI-based selection processes. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate how the selected variables, personal information inquiries and feedback opportunities, affect applicants’ trust in AI systems in the context of hiring processes.

The present systematic review is part of the ongoing CERES research project (Grant Number: 13N16613) and aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the (inter)national literature on the psychological and (developmental) criminological characteristics of cybergrooming perpetrators as well as their patterns of committing crimes and their crime strategies. Furthermore, the perpetrators’ available diagnostic-clinical and criminal prognostic data will be integrated, analysed and evaluated. Secondary analyses will explore any information on preventive measures for cybergrooming perpetrators and evaluations thereof.

In this study participants will solve mathematical equations in an effort to collect points toward their group-level goal. We will manipulate 2 factors: 1) whether points from correctly solved equations count as participant's own progress or a group member's progress; and 2) whether the benefit of goal attainment is shared among group members or realized by a third party (i.e. donation). We will measure motivation by counting how many equations participants solved.

An audit of open science practices in articles of the journal Human Factors from the years 2017–2022.

Research shows that lay beliefs about the helpfulness and controllability of emotions may affect which strategies people use to regulate their emotions. A separate line of work shows that individuals who tend to use more disengagement-oriented regulation strategies (e.g., distraction) relative to engagement-oriented strategies (e.g., reappraisal) report higher trait loneliness. The present study investigates how lay beliefs about emotions shape strategy selection in social contexts and contribute to feelings of loneliness in everyday life.

Currently, our food systems are not sustainable for human or planetary health (Araújo et al., 2023). This is evident from the rates of malnutrition, which highlights simultaneous problems with undernutrition and obesity (Fathelrahman et al., 2022). Furthermore, 34% of global greenhouse gas emissions are produced by our food systems, mainly attributable to agricultural practices (Crippa et al., 2021). In particular, the production of meat is resource intensive and emits substantially more emissions than plant or other animal-based products (Scarborough et al., 2014). Recommendations for a more sustainable and healthy diet suggest that consumer’s need to modify their diet, by reducing meat and eating considerably more vegetables, legumes, nuts and unsaturated oils (Willett et al., 2019). In the UK, the number of people who consumed a vegetarian or vegan diet was estimated at 4.5% of the population (The Vegetarian Society., 2019). Although interest and the uptake of plant-based diets has increased (Clem., 2021), these people still represent a minority of the global population. This indicates that this dietary transition is potentially unachievable. The literature has identified many barriers towards the adoption of plant-based foods. For example, a scoping review by Corrin and Papadopulos (2017) indicated that the enjoyment of eating meat, health and convenience were the most frequently reported barriers. Furthermore, beliefs are held by some consumers that humans are supposed to eat lots of animal-based meat and that plant-based foods would not be tasty or enjoyable (Perez-Cueto et al., 2022). Culture also has an impact on the consumer's acceptance of plant-based meats. For instance, participants from the USA were significantly less likely to buy plant based meats than participants from India and China (Bryant et al., 2019). Furthermore, the same study identified that meat attachment was significantly higher for participants from the USA and China, in comparison to Indian consumers. Taken together, these findings highlight that for some consumers, the perceived environmental and health benefits of a plant based diet are not substantial enough to initiate a change to meat consumption habits. Consequently, an alternative approach is needed for people who are unwilling to stop eating meat. Instead, strategies are required that improve the sustainability of meat. Briefly, some of these approaches include the use of meat extenders, cultured meat and the purchase of organic meat. Meat extenders partially replace meat with plant-based substances such as pulses, cereals and mushrooms (Pintado et al., 2020). Alternatively, cultured meat involves the recreation of edible meat from the extraction of muscle cells from a live animal (Chriki & Hocquette., 2020). Organic meat is produced from animals that have been fed an organic diet and do not contain synthetic growth substances, preservatives or genetically engineered products (Pathak et al., 2003). However, there are problems with these approaches that require consideration. For example, the ingredients in meat extenders are used as binders, emulsifiers, fat replacers, texture enhancers and improve the durability of products during cooking (Owes-Ansah et al., 2022). Consequently, these products require substantial processing, which implicates the nutritional quality of these foods (Ahmad et al., 2022). Furthermore, consumer's perceptions of cultured meat indicate doubts over the product's healthiness, naturalness, taste, accessibility, and whether it aligns with one's identity and culture (Jairath et al., 2021; Tomiyama et al., 2020). Finally, although organic meat has better nutritional qualities than conventional meat (Davis et al., 2022), greenhouse gas emissions from organic meat production are equivalent to conventional farming methods due to larger space requirement for animals and lower productivity of organically raised animals (Pieper et al., 2020). Another key problem with cultured and organic meat is the price (Verbeke et al., 2015; Rabadán et al., 2020). One study indicated that consumers who were price conscious were less willing to pay for organic poultry (Schipmann-Schwarze & Hamm., 2020). Consequently, organic and cultured meat may not be accessible for people with lower income. A more accessible option considers the increased consumption of organ meat, also known as offal. Offal refers to the internal organs of butchered animals, including liver, intestines, heart and kidney (Ayman et al., 2020). Offal contains essential amino acids, minerals, and has a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins than lean meat (Irshad & Sharma., 2015). Depending on which organ is consumed, offal can be a substantial protein source. For example, a portion of mutton kidney contains 52% of the daily recommended protein allowance (Bester et al., 2018). Based on these findings, offal has been regarded as an inexpensive nutritious food that could positively influence global security (Pretorius & Schönfeldt., 2021). Increased offal consumption could also help the environment. For instance, greenhouse gas emissions could be reduced by 26% by reducing the disposal of offal during slaughter and increasing consumption in our diet (Xue et al., 2019). However, offal consumption in the UK is low. Between 2008 to 2019, the amount of offal consumed per week decreased from 19.6 grams to 9.8 grams (Stewart et al., 2021). Based on previous studies, this is attributable to psychological factors such as food disgust sensitivity (Bearth et al., 2021; Sabbagh et al., 2023), sensory perceptions, limited exposure (Llauger et al., 2021) and food neophobia (Akin et al., 2023; Sabbagh et al., 2023). Research has also tried to understand what strategies can promote the acceptance of offal. For example, a recent study identified that providing information about the health and environmental benefits of offal led to more positive evaluations, in comparison to not receiving any information (Lavranou et al., 2023). This was also supported in a qualitative study. The openness to try offal was higher following the suggestion that consumption could improve hair, skin, nail and muscle condition (Henchion et al., 2016). In a different context, chefs and restaurateurs were interviewed to understand what strategies could be used to facilitate the acceptance of offal dishes in restaurants (Cai et al., 2021). In this study, restauranteurs expressed the importance of familiarity for customers. Therefore, when introducing offal dishes to new customers they would use conventional cooking methods or pair the offal with more familiar meats. The current study will expand upon the offal literature by employing a comprehensive theoretical framework. Previously, the theory of planned behaviour has been applied to consider the acceptance of offal based products (Laugher et al., 2021; Sabbagh et al., 2023). However, this theory does not consider wider sociocultural influences, such as personal identity, socioeconomic status and cultural beliefs (Randall et al., revise and resubmit). Instead, the current research framework is based on the food choice model (Chen & Antonelli., 2020). This model suggests that food choice is influenced by internal/external food factors, personal state factors, cognitive factors and sociocultural factors. Of particular interest to this research is the exploration of sociocultural differences. For instance, many of our traditional dishes in the UK contain offal (i.e., steak and kidney pie, liver and onions, black pudding, haggis, faggots), yet offal consumption is much lower than that of Asian cultures. Considering sociocultural influences provides a better understanding of the specific context where offal is deemed (un)acceptable and whether the information that is available to the consumer (i.e., health and sustainability benefits) can potentially challenge inherent negative perceptions of disgust.

Data and scripts for Vessel, Pasqualette, Uran, Koldehoff, Bignardi, Vinck (2023). Self-relevance predicts the aesthetic appeal of real and synthetic artworks generated via neural style transfer. Psychological Science.

This content analysis and methodological literature review of the social science research on character identification in traditional entertainment media focuses on the conceptual and operational definitions of identification and the level of consistency between them.

We aim to better understand the attitudinal and behavioral consequences of country ownership feelings among ethnic majority group members in Finland, i.e., adults 18+ years old living in Finland and of Finnish descent. Far-right parties have recognized the mobilizing potential of ownership feelings. These parties adopt narratives about the country belonging to ‘us’ to argue that certain rights and benefits should be granted solely to the country’s rightful owners, thereby justifying their anti-immigrant sentiments. Combining theoretical arguments on the outgroup outcomes of collective psychologic ownership with existing knowledge on right-wing ideology, we examine to what extent country ownership feelings, both via stronger opposition to minority rights and higher levels of Euroscepticism, translate into far-right voting. Moreover, based on insights from Common Ingroup Identity Model and the ethnic-civic citizenship literature, we investigate whether the relation between ownership feelings and opposition to minority rights differs for people with an ethnic vs. civic understanding of national belonging. Our study is one of the first to examine far-right voting as behavioral and opposition to immigrant minority rights and Euroscepticism as attitudinal outcomes of country ownership feelings silmultanously and to consider that ownership feelings need not always have exclusionary consequences for immigrants.

To understand the moderating impacts of mental health stigma and pre-existing attitudes/beliefs to do with psychopathy on judgements about individuals with differing levels of psychopathic identification.

The rapid spread of information via social media is a double-edged sword, as the Covid-19 pandemic impressively illustrated. Validated scientific information and cutting-edge findings about the novel virus arrived less quickly to the public than to the scientific community. Where reliable information was missing, the public satisfied their need for information with fast and easily accessible information on YouTube of which some derived from official recommendation (Basch et al., 2020; Brandi Ramos et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020). Given that the most viewed content on Covid-19 was generated by users and not by official sources, it is unsurprising that a mixture of reliable information and misinformation spread on YouTube (D’Souza et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020) and other social media platforms (Boberg et al., 2020; Grimes, 2021). This pattern was also present before the Covid-19 pandemic in the general area of health information (see Madathil et al., 2015 for review) and will probably continue in the next decades. However, as the infodemic during the Covid-19 pandemic exemplifies, there was no guarantee of finding reliable information within this repository of various trustworthy and dubious sources (WHO, 2022). Without prior knowledge of a particular topic, laypeople must identify trustworthy sources to assess the information presented (Bromme & Gierth, 2021). This circumstance highlights the need to investigate if and why recipients rely on certain information and (seemingly) scientific experts they find in online videos. Existing research on trust (in science and scientists) on YouTube mostly focuses on one specific influencing factor, like evoking emotions (e.g. Reif et al., 2020) or external endorsement cues accompanying the videos (Yang et al., 2022). To our knowledge, one consideration has not been sufficiently investigated so far: the representation of seemingly scientific, and thus critical information. While it is widely disregarded that reliable scientific information is used as a basis in these studies and that (user-generated) content of questionable nature is not included in these analyses, this content constitutes the largest share of the freely available videos on YouTube. Thus, the specific cues within these videos that trigger an impression of trust and credibility are largely unexplored and a holistic overview is missing. Hence, the objective of this study is to identify which cues play a role in evaluating the trustworthiness and credibility of experts in YouTube videos and the information they convey. We aim to provide information on why recipients may fall for feigned experts and potentially harmful information. To this end, we will use an interdisciplinary and exploratory approach modelled on “thin slices” (Ambady & Rosenthal, 1992, 1993). Thin slices, meaning short video sequences, are an effective tool to extrapolate expectations from a brief time of exposure (or first impression) to a generally accurate overall impression. Because the characteristics of the speakers are either measured or initially coded, they can be matched with the characteristics perceived by a recipient (Ambady et al., 2000). For example, Ambady & Rosenthal (1993) showed that evaluations based on thin slices of teacher behaviour were sufficient to provide an accurate assessment of the teaching performance rated by students attending their courses. Likewise, thin slices were successfully used to study the impact of nonverbal behaviour and speech on speakers’ perceived intelligence and match their actual intelligence with certain behavioural cues (Murphy, 2007). In the context of this study, participants will be asked to evaluate the trust and credibility of thin slices that show real and feigned experts give advice or information on Covid-19. Based on the participants’ ratings, the aim is then to recursively infer the corresponding cues. By providing a random selection of thin slices, we seek to explore a variety of l cues (e.g. form production logos to explicit references to expertise, etc.) that contribute to recipients’ evaluation of the video. The base sample of videos to be evaluated consisted of the most clicked YouTube videos of scientifically respected persons as well as persons of a questionable reputation who have repeatedly spread false information. Thereby we hope to overcome the lack of literature on credibility, as well as trust cues in science-related YouTube videos and a potential self-serving bias. Nevertheless, previous research that does not refer to audio-visual material already provides starting points for the classification of such cues. We assume that these cues are probably found on different levels of the material. For the time being, we divide them up as follows: We classify the cues along two levels of modality. First, along the channel of communication facilitated by the material. Here we separate the cues into oral or visually communicated. The second level separates into the type of presentation and is derived from the classical models of persuasion (cf. "Hypotheses"). Here we separate between implicitly and explicitly communicated cues.

The purpose of this systematic review is documenting the current evidence about the functioning of the meaning-making process (i.e., the process by which individuals create a perception of life meaningfulness) in the context of everyday life collected with intensive longitudinal designs.

Kepemilikan sepeda motor di DKI Jakarta masih tergolong tinggi karena dinilai lebih efisien, murah, dan mudah digunakan. Tetapi tingginya angka kepemilikan sepeda motor ini tidak diiringi dengan kesadaran masyarakat untuk berkendara secara aman dan banyak pengendara yang melakukan pelanggaran, salah satunya adalah melawan arus lalu lintas. Pelanggaran ini sering kali menyebabkan kecelakaan bagi pengendara sepeda motor yang tentunya akan membahayakan diri pengendara. Kecelakaan ini diakibatkan oleh faktor kognitif dan fisik pengendara sepeda motor dan faktor kognitif mengambil persentase terbesar untuk penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan. Di dalam kognitif seseorang terdapat sebuah skrip kognitif yang akan membantu pengendara ketika mendapatkan pengalaman serupa. Penelitian ini akan memberikan gambaran kognitif skrip yang dimiliki oleh pengendara sepeda motor yang melakukan pelanggaran berupa melawan arus lalu lintas.

Individuals with mental conditions often suffer from stigma, being excluded from communities, considered “imperfect beings” and, at the same time, considered responsible for their actions but irresponsible/not trustworthy (Corrigan & Watson, 2002; Scambler, 2006). Such attitudes are particularly salient regarding personality disorders, such as psychopathy. In fact, research about psychopathy has shown high levels of fear of psychopaths among the general population (e.g. Edens, Marcus, Lilienfeld, & Poyuthress, 2006) and a tendency to portray them as criminals. As negative consequences of stigma, it is possible to list impoverished social life, lower employment opportunities and quality of healthcare service. The perception and attitudes towards psychopathy can be correlated to one’s own psychopathic traits (Durand, Plata, & Arbone, 2017). Durand et al. (2017) found that higher levels of psychopathy were associated with lower stigmatising attitudes towards psychopaths, this link was stronger for the boldness component. Besides an individual’s own levels of psychopathy and stigma, other variables can affect one’s social judgements and attributions. This study will also explore the role of self-monitoring in understanding people’s attitudes and beliefs about psychopathy. Self-monitoring is a tendency to regulate self-presentation by expressing behaviour that is socially appropriate (Snyder, 1974). Therefore, it is an ability to regulate behaviour in order to modify self-presentation in particular contexts. Kowalski, Rogoza, Vernon and Schermer (2018) found that self-monitoring correlates positively with psychopathy, narcissism and Machiavellianism. These results suggest that people higher in dark triad traits are likely to use tactics for impression management which, in turn, can affect how they express their attitudes towards psychopaths. The present study will explore the role of a person’s own psychopathic traits, stigma and self-monitoring in explaining judgements about psychopathy.

Lifestyle modification, such as dietary adjustments and increased physical activity, are often the first line of treatment for overweight and obesity1,2; however, these behavior changes have proven to be difficult achieve, as well as challenging to maintain overtime3. A common participant reported barrier to success is “lack of time”4. However, no current reviews address how we identify, measure, or teach time management nor do we know what “lack of time” means for participants. Therefore, this paper will be a scoping review to assess how the current behavioral weight loss (BWL) intervention literature describes time, how time management is assessed, targeted, or reported, if at all, and what is described when lack of time is reported as a barrier in BWL intervention. The paper will analyze types of studies, methodologies utilized, time measurements, clinical implications, and areas for future research. Because this study is exploratory and a scoping review, the goal of this study is to identify the gaps in the existing literature to inform future BWL intervention.

WE are running a confirmatory test of the latent change score model used in Study 1's data (in study 1 it was an exploratory analysis).