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BACKGROUND In addition to substantial medical and surgical intervention, neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia often have concurrent concerns for acquired infection. However, few studies focus on infection and corresponding antimicrobial utilization in this population. METHODS The Children's Hospital Neonatal Database was queried for congenital diaphragmatic hernia infants hospitalized from January 2010 to February 2016. Patient charts were linked to the Pediatric Health Information Systems database. Descriptive clinical data including delivery history, cultures sent, diagnosed infection, antimicrobial use and outcomes were reported. RESULTS A total of 1085 unique patients were identified after data linkages; 275 (25.3%) were born at

The aim of the study was to describe the nutritional provisions received by infants with surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and the associated effects on short-term growth. Through the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Database, we identified infants born ≤32 weeks’ gestation with surgical NEC from 5 regional neonatal intensive care units for 4 years. Excluded infants had isolated intestinal perforation and died 0.3 between groups for weight and length). Unadjusted and independent associations were identified with HC changes and HP dose (β = 0.1 cm/wk, P = 0.03) after adjusting for gestational age, the presence of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, short bowel syndrome, blood stream infection, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, small for gestational age, and calorie intake. Eventual nonsurvivors received 18% less protein and 14% fewer calories over the first postoperative month. Postoperative protein doses in infants with surgical NEC appear related to increases in HC. The influence of postoperative nutritional support on risk of adverse outcomes deserves further attention.

To estimate the association between professional liability insurance premiums for obstetricians and late preterm induction (LPI) rates.Data from the National Center for Health Statistics were used to identify all Illinois women pregnant with singletons at 34 weeks' gestation from 1991 to 2003. The independent association between LPI (induction between 34 and 37 weeks' gestation) rates and the previous year's obstetric malpractice insurance premiums was evaluated using linear regression.The mean annual LPI rate (5.4/1000 in 1991 to 15.2/1000 in 2003, P0.001) nearly tripled, and obstetricians' professional liability insurance premiums ($55,480 to $110,613, P0.001) approximately doubled. After adjusting for race, previous cesarean delivery, marital status, and the presence of antepartum risk factors for indicated preterm delivery, LPI rates increased by 1/1000 births (P = 0.004) for each annual $10,000 increase in the county's obstetric malpractice insurance premium.Rising premiums are associated with increased frequency of LPI among women with singleton gestations.