1. Self-Propelled Dressings Containing Thrombin and Tranexamic Acid Improve Short-Term Survival in a Swine Model of Lethal Junctional Hemorrhage
- Author
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Matthew L. Statz, Esther B. Lim, Richard Liggins, Eric Simonson, James R. Baylis, Nathan J. White, Diana Chien, Christian J. Kastrup, Susan A. Stern, Xu Wang, and Alexander E. St. John
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Swine ,Hemorrhage ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Hemostatics ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Thrombin ,medicine ,Animals ,Preventable death ,Models, Statistical ,Extramural ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Bandages ,Surgery ,Disease Models, Animal ,Tranexamic Acid ,Anesthesia ,Short term survival ,Hemorrhagic shock ,Emergency Medicine ,Hemorrhage control ,Female ,business ,Tranexamic acid ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma, and hemorrhage from noncompressible junctional anatomic sites is particularly difficult to control. The current standard is QuikClot Combat Gauze packing, which requires 3 min of compression. We have created a novel dressing with calcium carbonate microparticles that can disperse and self-propel upstream against flowing blood. We loaded these microparticles with thrombin and tranexamic acid and tested their efficacy in a swine arterial bleeding model without wound compression. Anesthetized immature female swine received 5 mm femoral arteriotomies to induce severe junctional hemorrhage. Wounds were packed with kaolin-based QuikClot Combat Gauze (KG), propelled thrombin-microparticles with protonated tranexamic acid (PTG), or a non-propelling formulation of the same thrombin-microparticles with non-protonated tranexamic acid (NPTG). Wounds were not compressed after packing. Each animal then received one 15 mL/kg bolus of hydroxyethyl starch solution followed by Lactated Ringer’s as needed for hypotension (maximum: 100 mL/kg) for up to 3 hours. Survival was improved with PTG (3-hr survival: 8/8, 100%) compared to KG (3/8, 37.5%) and NPTG (2/8, 25%) (p0.05). Thus, in this swine model of junctional arterial hemorrhage, gauze with self-propelled, pro-thrombotic microparticles improved survival and two indicators of hemorrhagic shock when applied without compression, suggesting this capability may enable better treatment of non-compressible junctional wounds.
- Published
- 2016