Search

Background: Incidence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GCR) Escherichia coli infections has increased in remote Australia from 2012 to 2018., Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of 3GCR E. coli in Central Australia., Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the primary Central Australian hospital. Patient characteristics, antibiotic usage and clinical outcomes were compared between adult hospitalizations with 3GCR and susceptible E. coli isolates in 2018-19. Poisson regression was used to compare the incidence of 3GCR hospitalizations between Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals. Patient characteristics and antibiotic usage were tested for associations with 3GCR isolates using univariate analysis., Results: A total of 889 E. coli isolates were identified, of which 187 (21%) were 3GCR. The incidence of 3GCR E. coli infection was 2.15 per 1000 person-years, with an incidence rate ratio of 6.8 (95% CI 4.6-10.1) between Indigenous and non-Indigenous individuals. When compared with the control group, 3GCR E. coli infections were associated with a higher Charlson comorbidity index (CCI ≥3 in 30.7% versus 15.0%, P  < 0.001) and were more commonly healthcare associated (52.4% versus 26.7%, P  < 0.001). A higher 1 year mortality was observed in the 3GCR group after adjustment for comorbidity (OR = 4.43, P  = 0.002), but not at 30 days (2.4% versus 0.0%, P  = 0.2). The 3GCR group used more antibiotics in the past 3 months (OR = 5.75, P  < 0.001) and 12 months (OR = 3.65, P  < 0.001)., Conclusions: 3GCR E. coli infections in remote Australia disproportionally affect Indigenous peoples and are associated with a high burden of comorbidities and antibiotic use. Strategies to enhance antimicrobial stewardship should be considered in this remote setting., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.)

Trial Design: This was a randomized, controlled trial designed to compare outcomes between the use of dental and skeletal anchorage, using the Face mask/Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Contraction (FM/Alt-RAMEC) protocol., Methods and Participants: The study was carried out at Mater Dei Hospital, Malta and included prepubertal skeletal Class III malocclusion patients where the aetiology was primarily maxillary hypoplasia., Interventions: Two groups were assigned. Group I was treated with FM/Alt-RAMEC and group II was treated with skeletally anchored FM/Alt-RAMEC. Wear-time (WT) of the FM was monitored using TheraMon microsensors. Patients were instructed to wear the FM for 12-14 hours/day for 9 months. Changes were evaluated with lateral cephalograms and analysed with Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests. ANOVA was used to analyse the effect of gender on compliance parameters. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between compliance and skeletal changes., Objective: To compare the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes in patients treated with these two protocols., Outcomes: The primary outcome was to assess skeletal and dentoalveolar outcomes in patients treated with skeletally anchored FM/RME and tooth-borne FM/RME; utilizing Alt-RAMEC protocol. The secondary outcome was compliance rate and adherence to FM wear among patients., Randomization: Randomizer software and the sealed envelope technique were used to randomly allocate patients 1:1 into either group I (tooth-borne FM/Alt-RAMEC) or group II (skeletally anchored FM/Alt-RAMEC)., Blinding: It was not possible to blind to treatment allocation, but blinding was used when assessing the outcomes., Results: Numbers randomized and analysed. Thirty-five patients were allocated. Group I consisted of 18 subjects and group II consisted of 17 subjects. One patient in group I dropped out due to illness, so 17 subjects in each group completed the study., Outcomes: Post-treatment changes in group I showed significant increases in SNA (2.10°), ANB (3.90°), Wits (4.70 mm), and overjet (5.40 mm). Group II showed significant increases in ANB (3.10°), Wits (3.20 mm), and overjet (4.50 mm). Wearing time for group I patients was 7.87 ± 2.88 hours/day and for group II was 6.98 ± 2.68 hours/day, with no significant difference between the groups., Limitations: Lack of long-term follow-up post-treatment, making the conclusion applicable only in the short term., Harms: No harm was observed in both groups., Conclusion: Despite the large difference between the measured and the patient-reported daily WT, both tooth-borne and skeletally anchored FM/Alt-RAMEC showed positive, similar, skeletal and dental effects., Clinical Trial Registration: ISRCTN12197405., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Evidence for open or closed exposure of palatally displaced canines is equivocal, but this study sheds light on new facets which may influence the method of choice. The aim of this article is to give a short perspective on this field, highlight the merits of a study published in this issue of the European Journal of Orthodontics by Björksved et al. the study, place the findings into context and show how it may influence clinical practice., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: No data on the recently introduced infliximab (IFX) biosimilar SB2 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are available., Methods: The Sicilian Prospective Observational Study of Patients With IBD Treated With Infliximab Biosimilar SB2 is a multicenter, observational, prospective study performed among the cohort of the Sicilian Network for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. All consecutive IBD patients starting the IFX biosimilar SB2 from its introduction in Sicily (March 2018) to September 2019 (18 months) were enrolled., Results: Two hundred seventy-six patients (Crohn disease: 49.3%, ulcerative colitis: 50.7%) were included: 127 (46.0%) were naïve to IFX and naïve to anti-tumor necrosis factor medications (anti-TNFs), 65 (23.5%) were naïve to IFX and previously exposed to anti-TNFs, 17 (6.2%) were switched from an IFX originator to SB2, 43 (15.6%) were switched from the biosimilar CT-P13 to SB2, and 24 (8.7%) were multiply switched (from IFX originator to CT-P13 to SB2). The cumulative number of infusions of SB2 was 1798, and the total follow-up time was 182.7 patient-years. Sixty-seven serious adverse events occurred in 57 patients (20.7%; incidence rate: 36.7 per 100 patient-year), and 31 of these events caused the withdrawal of the drug. The effectiveness after 8 weeks of treatment was evaluated in patients naïve to IFX (n = 192): 110 patients (57.3%) had steroid-free remission, while 56 patients had no response (29.2%). At the end of follow-up, 72 patients (26.1%) interrupted the treatment, without significant differences in treatment persistency estimations between the five groups (log-rank P = 0.15)., Conclusions: The safety and effectiveness of SB2 seem to be overall similar to those reported for the IFX originator and CT-P13., (© 2020 Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Aim: To compare the developmental dental anomalies associated with maxillary canine-first premolar (MxCP1) transposition and those of palatally displaced canine (PDC) with each other and with the background prevalence in the Maltese population in order to elucidate whether the two conditions have similar or differing genetic backgrounds., Materials and Methods: Dental records of 477 subjects with PDC, 57 subjects with MxCP1, and a control group of 500 subjects with no history of a PDC or tooth transposition were compared for canine eruption anomalies and hypodontia., Results: A high frequency of bilateral occurrence was present for both canine malpositions and when unilateral, a trend to right-sided occurrence was evident. The occurrence of transpositions in the PDC group and of PDC in the MxCP1 group was higher than expected. The prevalence of incisor hypodontia was significantly higher in subjects with PDC and MxCP1, as compared to the control group., Limitations: The size of the MxCP1 group is relatively small. The study population is a small isolated Caucasian population and the results may not be applicable to other populations., Conclusions: There is no significant difference between the MxCP1 and PDC groups in the prevalence or distribution of hypodontia and each of these groups exhibits a higher prevalence of the other canine anomaly. These findings support the theory that PDC and MxCP1 form part of a group of interrelated dental anomalies that share a common genetic basis., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Orthodontic Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The aims of this study were to investigate the association of unerupted incisors with other dental anomalies and to indicate the aetiological and clinical relevance of such associations. Forty-one patients with unerupted incisors were examined. The group comprised 30 males and 11 females, ranging in age from 7 to 39 years. The patients were assessed for nine dental anomalies: hyperdontia, hypodontia, microdontia, enamel hypoplasia, infraocclusion of the primary molars and ectopia of the canines, premolars, first permanent molars, and second permanent molars. The patients were matched with respect to age and gender to 41 consecutively selected control subjects with similar selection criteria but no history of problems with incisor eruption. The prevalence rates of the dental anomalies in association with failure of eruption of incisors were compared to the reference rates in the control group by means of Pearson chi-square tests. The results of this study revealed that unerupted incisors were more frequent in males than in females. A statistically significant association (P = 0.006) was found between unerupted incisors and other inherited dental anomalies, namely ectopic teeth, hyperdontia, and enamel hypoplasia. Unerupted incisors may be considered part of a spectrum of inheritable dental anomalies.

The aims of the study were to analyse the records of 26 subjects (18 females, eight males) with maxillary canine-first premolar transposition (Mx.C.P1) together with 160 subjects with a palatally displaced canine (PDC) to determine the pattern of tooth agenesis in these cases and to compare them with similar samples reported in the literature. A strong association between Mx.C.P1, lateral incisor and lower second premolar agenesis was found, with a 20 per cent prevalence of lateral incisor agenesis and a 24 per cent prevalence of lower second premolar agenesis. There was a lesser association with third molar (M.3) agenesis, with a prevalence of 52.2 per cent. Weaker associations were found for a PDC, with a prevalence of 5 per cent for lateral incisor agenesis. The prevalence of lower second premolar (5 per cent) and M.3 (27.5 per cent) agenesis approached reference values. Evidence for the implication of the MSX1 or PAX9 genes in the aetiology of PDC was weak.