1. Temporal trends of main reproductive characteristics in ten urban and rural regions of China: the China Kadoorie Biobank study of 300 000 women
- Author
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Tianyou He, Ling Yang, Richard Peto, Junshi Chen, Lai-san Hong, Zhengming Chen, Rory Collins, Yu Guo, Ming Wu, Serini Murugasen, Zheng Bian, Xiaolan Ren, Sarah Lewington, Liming Li, Hui He, and Jinhuai Meng more...
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Adult ,Rural Population ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,China ,Urban Population ,Epidemiology ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,temporal trends ,Birth Intervals ,Pregnancy ,Reproductive ,medicine ,cohort study ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Socioeconomic status ,Reproductive History ,Menarche ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,1. No poverty ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Biobank ,3. Good health ,Reproductive trends in China ,Parity ,Breast Feeding ,Famine ,Educational Status ,Female ,Menopause ,business ,Breast feeding ,Demography ,Cohort study ,Maternal Age - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Chinese women's reproductive patterns have changed significantly over the past several decades. However, relatively little is known about the pace and characteristics of these changes either overall or by region and socioeconomic status. METHODS: We examined the cross-sectional data from the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort study that recruited 300 000 women born between 1930 and 1974 (mean age: 51 years) from 10 socially diverse urban and rural regions of China. Temporal trends in several self-reported reproductive characteristics, and effect modification of these trends by area and education (as a surrogate for socioeconomic status), were examined. RESULTS: The overall mean age at menarche was 15.4 (standard deviation 1.9) years, but decreased steadily over the 45 birth cohorts from 16.1 to 14.3 years, except for an anomalous increase of ∼1 year for women exposed to the 1958-61 famine in early adolescence. Similarly large changes were seen for other characteristics: mean parity fell (urban: 4.9 to 1.1; rural: 5.9 to 1.4); mean age at first birth increased (urban: 19.0 to 25.9 years; rural: 18.3 to 23.8 years); and birth spacing increased after 1980 to over 5 years. Breastfeeding declined after 1950 in urban and, after 1980, in rural women; and 68% of urban and 48% of rural women experienced a terminated pregnancy. Mean age at menopause increased from 47.9 to 49.3 years. CONCLUSIONS: There have been striking changes in reproductive factors over time and between areas among these Chinese women. Their effects on major chronic diseases should be investigated. more...
- Published
- 2016
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