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Aims: Despite increased temporary mechanical circulatory support (tMCS) utilization for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS), data regarding efficacy and optimal timing for tMCS support are limited. This study aimed to describe outcomes based on tMCS timing in AMI-CS and to identify predictors of 30-day mortality and readmission., Methods and Results: Patients with AMI-CS identified in the National Readmissions Database were grouped according to the use of tMCS and early (<24 h) vs. delayed (≥24 h) tMCS. The correlation between tMCS timing and inpatient outcomes was evaluated using linear regression. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with 30-day mortality and readmission. Of 294 839 patients with AMI-CS, 109 148 patients were supported with tMCS (8067 veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 33 577 Impella, and 79 161 intra-aortic balloon pump). Of patients requiring tMCS, patients who received early tMCS (n = 79 906) had shorter lengths of stay (7 vs. 15 days, P < 0.001) and lower rates of ischaemic and bleeding complications than those with delayed tMCS (n = 32 241). Patients requiring tMCS had higher in-hospital mortality [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)] [1.7 (1.7-1.8), P < 0.001]. Among patients requiring tMCS, early support was associated with fewer complications, lower mortality [0.90 (0.85-0.94), P < 0.001], and fewer 30-day readmissions [0.91 (0.85-0.97), P = 0.005] compared with patients with delayed tMCS., Conclusion: Among patients receiving tMCS for AMI-CS, early tMCS was associated with fewer complications, shorter lengths of stay, lower hospital costs, and fewer deaths and readmissions at 30 days., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: K.H.: consultant for Abiomed. P.M.E.: consulting for Abbott, Ancora, Daxor, Medtronic. M.B.B.: consulting/speaker Abbott Vascular, Abiomed, Cardiovascular Systems, Chiesi, Zoll. J.A.C.: consultant for Abbott, Medtronic, BiVACOR, CorWAVE, Endotronix (unpaid), Nuwellis (unpaid), Berlin Heart (DSMB), Procyrion (Stock options). K.A.: consultant and speaking honoraria from Boston Scientific, Teleflex, CSI, LivaNova. Patent: antegrade haemodynamic support. Y.S.: consultant for Abbott diagnostics, Roche Diagnostics, Philips, Zoll. E.S.B.: consulting/speaker honoraria from Abbott Vascular, American Heart Association (associate editor Circulation), Amgen, Biotronik, Boston Scientific, Cardiovascular Innovations Foundation (Board of Directors), ControlRad, CSI, Ebix, Elsevier, GE Healthcare, InfraRedx, Medtronic, Siemens, and Teleflex; research support from Regeneron and Siemens. Shareholder: MHI Ventures. K.G.B., S.M., A.E., and M.S.M.: nothing to disclose., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Worldwide data show that there is increasing resistance among urinary tract pathogens to conventional drugs. The aim of this study was to obtain data on susceptibility patterns of pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Poland to currently used antimicrobial agents. A multicentre study of 141 pathogens from hospital-acquired infections and 460 pathogens from community-acquired infections was carried out between July 1998 and May 1999. The most prevalent aetiological agent was Escherichia coli (73.0%), followed by Proteus spp. (8.9%) and other species of Enterobacteriaceae (9.6%). Few community infections were caused by Gram-positive bacteria (2.2%). Gram-positive cocci were isolated more frequently from a hospital setting (14.1%) and the most common were Enterococcus spp. (8.5%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found only among hospital isolates and was responsible for 10.7% of infections. E. coli isolates from both community and hospital infections were highly susceptible to many antimicrobial agents with the exception of those isolates producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Of all Enterobacteriaceae tested, 38 strains (6.9%) were capable of producing ESBLs.