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This chapter describes the intrapersonal, relational, and environmental predictors of infidelity across the major racial/ethnic groups in the United States including African, Asian, European, Latin, and Native Americans. It also reviews cross-cultural research on the topic of race/ethnicity and infidelity. It begins by defining key terms and identifying the predictors of infidelity that apply across racial/ethnic groups. In addition, historical, societal, and cultural factors that influence individuals’ intimate relationship beliefs and practices are highlighted throughout to help contextualize the underlying motivations for infidelity. Several theoretical frameworks including social exchange and interdependence, symbolic interaction, intersectionality, and bioecological are used to advance the discussion. It concludes by identifying the limitations of extant work and providing directions for researchers and practitioners.

Introduction This study aims to assess the association of piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and beta-lactam resistance genes with mortality in the MERINO trial. Methods Blood culture isolates from enrolled patients were tested by broth microdilution and whole genome sequencing at a central laboratory. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to account for confounders. Absolute risk increase for 30-day mortality between treatment groups was calculated for the primary analysis (PA) and the microbiologic assessable (MA) populations. Results In total, 320 isolates from 379 enrolled patients were available with susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam 94% and meropenem 100%. The piperacillin/tazobactam nonsusceptible breakpoint (MIC >16 mg/L) best predicted 30-day mortality after accounting for confounders (odds ratio 14.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8–87.2). The absolute risk increase for 30-day mortality for patients treated with piperacillin/tazobactam compared with meropenem was 9% (95% CI 3%–15%) and 8% (95% CI 2%–15%) for the original PA population and the post hoc MA populations, which reduced to 5% (95% CI −1% to 10%) after excluding strains with piperacillin/tazobactam MIC values >16 mg/L. Isolates coharboring extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and OXA-1 genes were associated with elevated piperacillin/tazobactam MICs and the highest risk increase in 30-day mortality of 14% (95% CI 2%–28%). Conclusions After excluding nonsusceptible strains, the 30-day mortality difference from the MERINO trial was less pronounced for piperacillin/tazobactam. Poor reliability in susceptibility testing performance for piperacillin/tazobactam and the high prevalence of OXA coharboring ESBLs suggests that meropenem remains the preferred choice for definitive treatment of ceftriaxone nonsusceptible Escherichia coli and Klebsiella.

Eating disorders have been traditionally thought of as female disorders, with males representing a rare and atypical minority of presentations. As a result, males with eating disorders have been uniquely stigmatized. However, contemporary evidence has illustrated an increasing prevalence of male eating disorders, although males continue to be underrepresented in treatment studies and often go undetected in clinical practice. This chapter provides an overview of the prevalence of eating disorders in males, highlights distinct differences in clinical presentations, and provides recommendations for tailoring clinical treatment approaches. It also describes useful clinical resources related to males and eating disorders, including useful assessment measures and website resources.