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In October, 1865, Paul Bogle and a few hundred Black residents of rural Jamaica rebelled against the vagaries of an overly zealous magistrate. They set the courthouse at Morant Bay on fire and killed over a dozen people, mostly white. In the savage government reprisals that followed, over 430 Black Jamaicans were executed. Here, I observe how biblical language played a central role in public discourse about the rebellion. I focus on the rebellion’s slogan: skin for skin. I trace the interpretive history of this phrase drawn from the book of Job, showing how it became associated with advocacy for Black rights. And I examine the social context of Bogle’s use of the phrase to call for a Black alliance that crossed ethnic, religious, and class lines. I thus further a critical trajectory that has recognized the importance of biblical language to race talk in the age of emancipation.

We study the Andrews–Schilling–Warnaar sum-sides for the principal characters of standard (i.e., integrable, highest weight) modules of ${\operatorname {A}}_2^{(1)}$. These characters have been studied recently by Corteel, Dousse, Foda, Uncu, Warnaar, and Welsh. We prove complete sets of identities for moduli $5$ through $8$ and $10$. The cases of moduli $6$ and $10$ are new. Our proofs use Corteel–Welsh recursions for cylindric partitions and certain relations satisfied by the Andrews–Schilling–Warnaar sum-sides. We further show that at all moduli, a complete set of conjectures may be deduced using certain explicit “seed” conjectures. These seed conjectures are obtained by appropriately truncating our conjectures for the “infinite” level. Additionally, for moduli $3k$, we use an identity of Weierstraß to deduce new sum-product identities starting from the results of Andrews–Schilling–Warnaar.

Background/Introduction Current guidelines recommend targeting overall decongestion in management of patients with decompensated heart failure. With lower extremity edema among the most prevalent symptoms in patients admitted with decompensation, this often serves as a clinical target. Lower extremity compression wraps (LECW) are seldom used in the acute setting, with little data on efficacy in heart failure, despite serving as a cornerstone of chronic lymphedema management. Purpose Evaluate the efficacy of LECW as adjuvant therapy in management of HF with reduced ejection fraction (EF). Methods Open-label, randomized, parallel group controlled trial, with 2:1 randomization of adult patients with a history of HF and reduced EF less than 40% admitted to telemetry unit for intravenous (IV) diuretic therapy. Results A total of 32 patients were enrolled, with 29 patients completing the study; 19 (66%) in the control arm, and 10 (34%) in the intervention arm. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics of the two groups. Patients in the intervention arm required less escalation of diuretic therapy (0 vs 5 patients, p=0.079), and less frequent use of continuous infusion therapy (0 vs 7 patients, p=0.027). Total days of IV diuresis was not significantly different between the two groups. Greater net reduction of edema was seen in the intervention group (1.5+ [1–2] vs 1+ [1–2], p=0.072), with fewer cases of acute kidney injury (1 vs 13, p=0.005). The intervention group scored significantly better on MLWHF (55.5 vs 65, p=0.021), including both the physical (17.5 vs 23, p Conclusion In this open-label parallel group RCT, use of LECW resulted in less IV diuretic continuous infusion therapy, greater net reduction in lower extremity edema, reduced patient assessed HF burden, and shorter hospital LOS, with fewer rates of AKI. Trends toward fewer total days of IV diuresis, less escalation of diuresis, and greater reduction in edema were also observed. Larger scale clinical trials are needed to further establish LECW as efficacious adjuvant therapy in the management of acute heart failure. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Questing ticks were surveyed by dragging in forested habitats within the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania for four consecutive summers (2015–2018). A high level of inter-annual variation was found in the density of blacklegged tick nymphs, Ixodes scapularis Say, with a high density of host-seeking nymphs (DON) in summer 2015 and 2017 and a relatively low DON in summer 2016 and 2018. Very few American dog ticks (Dermacentor variabilis Say) and Ixodes cookei Packard were collected. Lone star ticks (Amblyomma americanum L.) and longhorned ticks (Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann) were not represented among the 6,398 ticks collected. For tick-borne pathogen surveillance, DNA samples from 1,721 I. scapularis nymphs were prepared from specimens collected in summers 2015–2017 and screened using qPCR, high resolution melting analysis, and DNA sequencing when necessary. The overall 3-yr nymphal infection prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi was 24.8%, Borrelia miyamotoi was 0.3%, Anaplasma phagocytophilum variant-ha was 0.8%, and Babesia microti was 2.8%. Prevalence of coinfection with B. burgdorferi and B. microti as well as B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum variant-ha were significantly higher than would be expected by independent infection. B. burgdorferi nymphal infection prevalence is similar to what other studies have found in the Hudson Valley region of New York, but levels of B. microti and A. phagocytophilum variant-ha nymphal infection prevalence are relatively lower. This study reinforces the urgent need for continued tick and pathogen surveillance in the Lehigh Valley region.

CRISPR-Cas9 sgRNA libraries have transformed functional genetic screening and have enabled several innovative methods that rely on simultaneously targeting numerous genetic loci. Such libraries could be used in a vast number of biological systems and in the development of new technologies, but library generation is hindered by the cost, time, and sequence data required for sgRNA library synthesis. Here, we describe a rapid enzymatic method for generating robust, variant-matched libraries from any source of cDNA in under 3 h. This method, which we have named SLALOM, utilizes a custom sgRNA scaffold sequence and a novel method for detaching oligonucleotides from solid supports by a strand displacing polymerase. With this method, we constructed libraries targeting the E. coli genome and the transcriptome of developing zebrafish hearts, demonstrating its ability to expand the reach of CRISPR technology and facilitate methods requiring custom libraries.

Eradications of invasive species from over 1000 small islands around the world have created conservation arks, but to truly address the threat of invasive species to islands, eradications must be scaled by orders of magnitude. New Zealand has eradicated invasive predators from 10% of its offshore island area and now proposes a vision to eliminate them from the entire country. We review current knowledge of invasive predator ecology and control technologies in New Zealand and the biological research, technological advances, social capacity and enabling policy required. We discuss the economic costs and benefits and conclude with a 50-year strategy for a predator-free New Zealand that is shown to be ecologically obtainable, socially desirable, and economically viable. The proposal includes invasive predator eradication from the two largest offshore islands, mammal-free mainland peninsulas, very large ecosanctuaries, plus thousands of small projects that will together merge eradication and control concepts on landscape scales.

In the last 10 years, the use of ultrasound has expanded because of its portability, safety, real-time image display, and rapid data collection. Simultaneously, more people are going into the backcountry for enjoyment and employment. Increased deployment for the military and demand for remote medicine services have led to innovative use and study of ultrasound in extreme and austere environments. Ultrasound is effective to rapidly assess patients during triage and evacuation decision making. It is clinically useful for assessment of pneumothorax, pericardial effusion, blunt abdominal trauma, musculoskeletal trauma, high-altitude pulmonary edema, ocular injury, and obstetrics, whereas acute mountain sickness and stroke are perhaps still best evaluated on clinical grounds. Ultrasound performs well in the diverse environments of space, swamp, jungle, mountain, and desert. Although some training is necessary to capture and interpret images, real-time evaluation with video streaming is expected to get easier and cheaper as global communications improve. Although ultrasound is not useful in every situation, it can be a worthwhile tool in the austere or deployed environment.

A novel mechanism in genetically determined P2RX7 levels in macrophages regulates Nlrp3-inflammasome activation and susceptibility to crescentic glomerulonephritis. P2RX7, a mediator of IL-1β and IL-18 processing and release, is a ligand-gated cation channel that is expressed by macrophages. In experimental Crgn, P2RX7 deficiency attenuates renal injury, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that P2RX7 levels and the expression of several genes belonging to the Nlrp3-inflammasome pathway are up-regulated in the macrophages of the WKY rat, a strain uniquely susceptible to macrophage-dependent NTN. Importantly, following P2RX7 activation, WKY BMDMs produce markedly increased levels of active caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 when compared with the NTN-resistant LEW rat BMDMs. P2RX7 and active IL-1β, IL-18, and caspase-1 protein levels were markedly increased in the WKY nephritic glomeruli 4 days following induction of NTN, and the use of a P2RX7 antagonist reduced the levels of secreted active IL-1β. Interestingly, the post-translational control of P2RX7-mediated inflammasome activation is under the genetic regulation of two previously identified Crgn quantitative trait loci in the BMDMs and nephritic glomeruli of the WKY rat. In conclusion, we propose a novel mechanism, whereby genetically determined P2RX7 levels in macrophages regulate Nlrp3-inflammasome activation and susceptibility to Crgn.

Todd, C. D., Friedland, K. D., MacLean, J. C., Whyte, B. D., Russell, I. C., Lonergan, M. E., and Morrissey, M. B. 2012. Phenological and phenotypic changes in Atlantic salmon populations in response to a changing climate. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1686–1698. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of southern European origin migrating to the Norwegian Sea currently encounter anomalously high sea-surface temperatures, and returning adults are of low mean condition factor. For the River North Esk (Scotland), time-series changes in river age-structure of emigrant smolts and returning one- and two-sea-winter (1SW and 2SW) adults are assessed. A comparison of the river age-structure of returning adults (1977–1999) with that of their respective annual emigrant smolt cohorts shows no evidence of river age-related bias in survivorship at sea. Evidence is presented of a possible transgenerational, or maternal, influence (poor somatic condition of spawners) driving reduced quality of emigrant S2 smolts in the North Esk. This effect is concurrent with an influence of freshwater climate as indicated by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI). The maternal influence and NAOI variation in the winter immediately prior to smolt migration jointly explain approximately 29 (S2) and 17% (S3), respectively, of the variation in the mean size of smolts over the period 1975–2010. Run-timing of 1SW adult cohorts returning to Scotland shows recent delays. Variation in river flow did influence mean return date for the River Tweed, but adult condition factor, which itself shows temporal trends likely to be associated with ocean climate change, was the primary significant explanatory variable for run-timing in the rivers North Esk and Tweed. Overall, in years of poorer adult condition, 1SW salmon stay at sea longer.

Reddin, D. G., Hansen, L. P., Bakkestuen, V., Russell, I., White, J., Potter, E. C. E., Dempson, J. B., Sheehan, T. F., Ó Maoiléidigh, N., Smith, G. W., Isaksson, A., Jacobsen, J. A., Fowler, M., Mork, K. A., and Amiro, P. 2012. Distribution and biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at Greenland based on the analysis of historical tag recoveries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1589–1597. In this study, we examined 5481 records of tag recoveries at Greenland from a new tagging database held by ICES that contains information on salmon tagged in Canada, France, Faroes, Greenland, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Spain, the UK (Northern Ireland, Scotland, England, and Wales), and the United States from the early 1960s to the present. For 4806 of the tag recoveries, latitude and longitude information were available, describing, to varying degrees of accuracy, the location of recovery of tagged fish. Release and recovery dates were variable, but no significant differences over time were noted. The information derived from tag recoveries was used to describe the distribution and growth of salmon of different origins. The proportion of recoveries from East Greenland suggested that potential multi-sea-winter salmon from northern Europe have a more easterly distribution than those from southern Europe. The location of recovery of salmon of North American origin differed from that of European salmon along the west coast of Greenland. Tag recoveries by country were not uniformly distributed across the respective NAFO Divisions. Tags from salmon originating in Canada and the United States were more commonly recovered in northern locations than tags from European-origin salmon. Analysis of rates of tag recovery suggested similar rates before and after the introduction of the NASCO Tag Return Incentive Scheme. The straight-line migration speed of both North American and European salmon changed very little over the time-series, but was ∼40% greater for North American salmon (0.43 m s−1) than for European salmon (0.29–0.32 m s−1).

Differences in the fertilization behavior of Xenopus borealis from X. laevis and X. tropicalis suggest differences in the glycosylation of the egg jellies. To test this assumption, O-linked glycans were chemically released from the egg jelly coat glycoproteins of X. borealis. Over 50 major neutral glycans were observed, and no anionic glycans were detected from the released O-glycan pool. Preliminary structures of ∼30 neutral oligosaccharides were determined using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) infrared multiphoton dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (MS). The mass fingerprint of a group of peaks for the core-2 structure of O-glycans was conserved in the tandem mass spectra and was instrumental in rapid and efficient structure determination. Among the 29 O-glycans, 22 glycans contain the typical core-2 structure, 3 glycans have the core-1 structure and 2 glycans contained a previously unobserved core structure with hexose at the reducing end. There were seven pairs of structural isomers observed in the major O-linked oligosaccharides. To further elucidate the structures of a dozen O-linked glycans, specific and targeted exoglycosidase digestions were carried out and the products were monitored with MALDI-MS. Reported here are the elucidated structures of O-linked oligosaccharides from glycoproteins of X. borealis egg jelly coats. The structural differences in O-glycans from jelly coats of X. borealis and its close relatives may provide a better understanding of the structure-function relationships and the role of glycans in the fertilization process within Xenopodinae.

Kunzea ambigua (Smith) Druce (Myrtaceae) is an Australian native plant, commonly known as tick bush. The essential oil of the plant has been proposed as a potential mosquito repellent. Commercial K. ambigua oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and its composition compared with that of oils from two individual K. ambigua plants and citronella oil. K. ambigua oils were studied for their repellency against Aedes aegypti L. Formulations of three different K. ambigua essential oils (30% vol:vol) were tested for repellency to mosquitoes using human volunteers. One oil was compared with citronella and N,N'-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) for repellency. Oil formulations were also tested for repellency with and without the addition of 5% vanillin. The formulation containing commercially produced K. ambigua oil had a mean complete protection time (CPT) of 49 +/- 24 (SD) min. All the K. ambigua formulations had comparable repellency to 40% citronella. However, the 60% citronella formulation showed higher repellency than the 40% K. ambigua formulation. The addition of 5% vanillin did not increase the repellency of K. ambigua oil. Both K. ambigua oil and citronella were significantly less repellent than deet. The K. ambigua essential oil formulations should not be advocated for use as repellents in regions prone to mosquito-borne disease.

The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays an essential role in the Drosophila ovary, regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, but a role in the mammalian ovary has not been defined. Expression of components of the HH pathway in the mouse ovary and effects of altering HH signaling in vitro were determined. RT-PCR analyses show developmentally regulated expression of sonic (Shh), indian (Ihh) and desert (Dhh) HH in the ovary. Expression is detected in whole ovary, granulosa cells, and corpora lutea. The mRNAs for the two receptors, patched homolog 1 and 2 (Ptch1, Ptch2), and the signal transducer, smoothened (Smo), are also expressed. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody that detects all three HH ligands demonstrated HH protein primarily in granulosa cells of follicles from primary to antral stages of development. Follicles also stained for PTCH1 and SMO in both granulosa and theca cells. Treatment of cultured preantral follicles and granulosa cells with recombinant SHH increased growth and proliferation while treatment with the HH pathway inhibitor, cyclopamine, had no effect. Therefore, activation of HH signaling can increase cell proliferation and follicle growth but is not essential for these processes in vitro. Treatment of granulosa cells with SHH increased levels of mRNA for Gli1, a transcriptional target of HH signaling, while cyclopamine decreased expression. SHH had no effect on production of progesterone by cultured granulosa cells, while cyclopamine increased progesterone production. The results demonstrate a functional HH pathway in the follicle and identify granulosa cells as at least one of the potential targets of HH signaling.

Lethal ovitraps (LOs) containing an insecticide-treated ovistrip are used as a lure-and-kill device for the container-breeding dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (L.). We aimed to affirm that the pyrethroid bifenthrin could be used effectively in LOs against Ae. aegypti in north Queensland, Australia, by quantifying oviposition in and mortality caused by LOs. Small cage experiments in which individual gravid Ae. aegypti were given a choice of LOs and untreated ovitraps revealed that although LOs were less acceptable for oviposition, they provided an average 64.6% adjusted mortality. Although 92% of mosquitoes ovipositing in LOs died, 61.8% of mosquitoes that visited but did not oviposit in an LO also died, demonstrating that lethal contact occurred without egg laying. The bifenthrin content of strips (≈0.1 mg/cm2; 7 mg/strip) did not decrease significantly after 4 wk of field exposure nor did the toxic effect of the LOs. Large cage trials with groups of 10 Ae. aegypti confirmed that bifenthrin-treated LOs provided consistent control (average adjusted mortality 79.7%). Four-week field trials in north Queensland showed that although LOs were acceptable to ovipositing Ae. aegypti (mean time to first egg 10.9 d; mean eggs 47.3), insecticide-free ovitraps were oviposited in more readily (6.8 d, 199 eggs). The number of eggs laid per mosquito in laboratory LOs allowed calculation of the number of Ae. aegypti killed in field-deployed LOs; rapid estimates can be made by simply dividing the number of eggs on the strip by 2.84. Overall, the studies demonstrated that bifenthrin-treated LOs have potential for use as a lure-and-kill device against Ae. aegypti and that they should be effective in the field for at least 4 wk. Given that untreated ovitraps were more acceptable for Ae. aegypti oviposition, the removal of alternative oviposition sites before deployment of LOs in the field should maximize their effectiveness.

BG-Sentinel mosquito traps were trialed as a tool for the rapid assessment (24-h collections) and routine monitoring (72-h collections) of adult Aedes aegypti L. populations in north Queensland. Analysis of Ae. aegypti collections using BG-Sentinels set in suburban Cairns for 24 h permitted the calculation of sample size for a range of precision levels. Clusters of houses with BG-Sentinels operating continuously for 15 d, with collections every 72 h, also permitted required sample size calculation. Evidence of Ae. aegypti spatial clustering at the house scale was revealed, with statistically significant effects detected for all collection days. Less variation was detected at each trap location, with only nine of 32 trap locations revealing significant clustering over time. Trap-out effects through continuous BG-Sentinel operation at a fixed location were absent. The findings support fixed position sampling at 72-h intervals for routine monitoring of Ae. aegypti populations in Cairns. Despite the relationship between collections of adult vectors and the incidence of disease remaining unknown, BG-Sentinel collections provide an alternative and less labor-intensive abundance measure for assessing risk of dengue virus transmission and success of dengue vector control programs.

The suggestion that bed bug (Cimex spp.; Hemiptera: Cimicidae)-infested mattresses wrapped in black plastic and exposed to sunlight will be heated sufficiently to kill the bed bugs was tested. Two types of mattresses were tested: a thin mattress of solid foam rubber and a thick multilayered inner spring mattress. Temperature probes were placed on both upper and lower sides of the mattresses, which were wrapped in black plastic and placed outside on a summer day for >9 h wherein the ambient temperature peaked at 36.5°C. The maximum recorded temperature on the upper (sun-exposed) sides was 85°C for both mattresses, whereas lower side temperatures for the thick mattress never exceeded 35°C, and some areas of the thin mattress failed to exceed 36.5°C. Therefore, with published thermal death points of 40–45°C depending on exposure time, and opportunities for bed bugs to avoid lethal temperatures by retreating from hot zones, this technique seems to be not suitable for bed bug management.

Populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes polynesiensis (Marks) on Moorea Island, French Polynesia, the local vectors of dengue and filariasis, respectively, were sampled by landing/biting collection at nine localities on the east, north, and west coasts, during the late dry season, early and late wet season (September-May) 2003 and 2004, to investigate epidemiologically important features of the populations and compare them between regions and months. Biting rates of both species tended to increase (but not always significantly) for each species in each region each month from the late dry season to the late wet season, and the north coast region had significantly higher biting rates of Ae. aegypti. Insemination rates of Ae. polynesiensis females (94.5-98.8%) were consistently greater than those of Ae. aegypti (87.5-93.5%) throughout the study, but there was no significant difference in the insemination rates of either species between months and regions. Parity rates were generally highest in north coast samples and lowest in west coast samples for both species and generally increased (albeit not always significantly) by month for each species, with a range of 52.9-88.8% for Ae. polynesiensis and 28.6-53.6% for Ae. aegypti, although the high gravid rate (15.8-45.9%) of Ae. aegypti samples (reflecting its feeding more than once in a gonotrophic cycle) confounded both intraspecific and interspecific comparisons. Filarial infection was rare in Ae. aegypti, although both W. bancrofti and D. immitis were recorded, and infection rates in Ae. polynesiensis increased through the study period in each region for both filarias, with up to 4.6% infected and 1.4% infective for W. bancrofti and up to 6.3% infected and 2.5% infective for D. immitis. For W. bancrofti, infection rates were significantly lower on the west coast and also in the dry season, whereas rates for infective stages were significantly greater in the late wet season. For D. immitis there was no significant difference in infection rates between regions, but rates were significantly greater in the late wet season. Rainfall in all months sustains populations of both vectors and explains the relatively few significant differences between seasons; however, the wet season may provide for increased vector abundance and longevity, and present a potentially increased risk for transmission. Although the differences shown between regions also were limited in a statistical sense, there were increased risks for the northern and eastern regions, where both locals and tourists are concentrated and where the seaports and airport are located, and these areas should be priority targets for disease surveillance and vector control.

Objective: The JCR:LA-corpulent rat is a unique animal model of human vascular disease that exhibits a profound insulin resistance, vasculopathy, and cardiovascular dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that the defects affect endothelial and smooth muscle function of the coronary microvasculature as well as cardiac contractility. Coronary, myocardial and aortic function were assessed in obese (homozygous for the cp gene, cp/cp) and lean (heterozygous or homozygous normal, +/?) littermates aged 7 and 18 weeks. Methods: Coronary endothelial relaxation was examined in isolated perfused hearts by determining the effect of bradykinin (0.1–1000 nmoll−1) on coronary perfusion pressure (CPP), myocardial mechanical function was evaluated in terms of left-ventricular developed pressure (LVDevP), and aortic relaxation with the endothelium-dependent agonist, A 23187 (1–1000 nmoll−1). Results: In rats aged 7 weeks, bradykinin reduced CPP from 133±1 mmHg to 43±1 mmHg (−67%) in lean rats, but only to 64±3 mmHg (−52%) in corpulent rats ( n =6, P

A survey was conducted of 47 European cities applying to join the third phase of the World Health Organization Healthy Cities Project. The survey tested the feasibility of recording baseline information on health-promoting processes and activities in the cities. A broad multi-sectoral focus for health in the questionnaire presented formidable challenges to respondents. Despite goodwill and local networks, the quality of certain responses was variable. Socio-economic statistics are not universally available at city level; however, descriptive responses about services and health promotion yielded uniquely useful local information over the national level. Survey responses were not comparable across cities and such interpretation would be counter-productive. Recommendations for future surveys are made. \ud \ud Key words: city health; determinants of health; indicators; measures

In 1995, the largest recorded outbreak of human disease resulting from infection with the mosquito transmitted alphavirus Barmah Forest (BF) virus occurred along the south coast of New South Wales, Australia. The virus was first isolated in early January from mosquitoes collected at Batemans Bay and predisposed the recognition of 135 human clinical cases. The cases of BF virus were identified initially from Batemans Bay during late January, and the majority (30%) of all cases came from this town. After 5 wk, all major centers on the south coast had clinical patients. Aedes vigilax (Skuse) were especially abundant at Batemans Bay, with levels up to 8 times greater than normal. This species yielded 111 isolates and appeared to be the major vector of BF virus. Attempts to examine if BF virus was maintained in the field by vertical transmission within Ae. vigilax populations were unsuccessful; no evidence of vertical transmission with BF virus, nor any other arbovirus, was found in >17,000 adults emerging from field-collected larvae from the region following peak virus activity. In addition to BF virus, other viruses were recovered from field-collected adult mosquitoes, including Ross River (10 isolates), Edge Hill (21), and Stratford (10). Ae. vigilax again yielded the majority of these viral isolates. The BF virus outbreak appeared to be associated with several factors. A lack of recent BF virus activity in the region provided a highly susceptible human population, and unusual weather conditions of above average rainfall coupled with high tides resulted in extraordinarily large populations of Ae. vigilax.

The results of a sampling programme for salmon lice on sea trout caught in the North Sea off the East Anglian coast during 1992 and 1993 are compared with similar data from 1972 and 1973 for fish caught in the North Sea off the coast of Yorkshire. These areas are completely free of any salmonid mariculture, nor has East Anglia any significant sea trout rivers, the trout migrating into the area mostly from the north-east of England. These attributes provide an ideal basis for examining levels of infection in the absence of any potential interaction with salmonid farming activities. Counts of the two principal species of lice that occur on salmonids, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Culigus elongatus, were made over a number of months in each year. The inter-annual and seasonal patterns of infection by both species showed mean intensity to be both low and fairly stable. The statistical distribution of the parasites amongst the host population generally showed levels of overdispersion (aggregation) typical of parasite populations. These results are discussed in terms of the dynamics of the parasite population, the interaction between parasite and host, and parasite transmission dynamics. 0 British Crown copyright 1997

Reddin, D. G., Hansen, L. P., Bakkestuen, V., Russell, I., White, J., Potter, E. C. E., Dempson, J. B., Sheehan, T. F., Ó Maoiléidigh, N., Smith, G. W., Isaksson, A., Jacobsen, J. A., Fowler, M., Mork, K. A., and Amiro, P. 2013. Distribution and biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) at Greenland based on the analysis of historical tag recoveries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1589–1597.

Jacobsen, J. A., Hansen, L. P., Bakkestuen, V., Halvorsen, R., Reddin, D. G., White, J., Ó Maoiléidigh, N., Russell, I.C., Potter, E. C. E., Fowler, M., Smith, G. W., Mork, K. A., Isaksson, A., Oskarsson, S., Karlsson, L., and Pedersen, S. 2012. Distribution by origin and sea age of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the sea around the Faroe Islands based on analysis of historical tag recoveries. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1598–1608. A database of 2651 tags applied to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in 13 countries or jurisdictions and recovered in the Faroes longline salmon fishery from 1968 to 2000 was analysed for geographic distribution and origin of the salmon captured with respect to differences in sea age, season of the fishery, and hydrographic features in the Faroes area. The results indicated that salmon were not distributed randomly in the Faroes area by fishing season, sea age, or country of origin. The distribution of salmon in the Faroes zone partly depends on their geographic origin; salmon from countries in the northern European stock complex were distributed significantly farther northeast than those from countries in the southern European stock complex. Furthermore, the proportion of tag recoveries from southern European countries was higher in autumn, and the proportion recovered from northern European countries higher in winter. The apparent temporal and spatial segregation of stocks of different origin suggests that there may have been differential exploitation on these stocks, which provides information that could inform fishery management with regard to temporal and/or spatial fishery options for the Faroes commercial salmon fishery should it recommence in future.

Objective: The aim was to compare β adrenergic receptors, cAMP production, and Ca2+ accumulation by the sarcoplasmic reticulum in ventricular cardiomyocytes from female SHHF/Mcc- cp and JCR:LA- cp rats. Whereas rats from both strains exhibit gross obesity when the animals are homozygous for the recessive “corpulent” gene, the SHHF rats, which are hypertensive, all develop heart failure during their second year of life. The normotensive JCR:LA- cp animals do not. Methods: β Adrenergic receptor number, ligand affinity, isoprenaline and forskolin stimulated cyclic AMP production, and ATP dependent, phosphate supported 45Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum were compared in ventricular cardiomyocytes isolated from 6 month old obese female SHHF/Mcc- cp and obese and lean female JCR:LA-cp rats. Results: Bmax and Kd for (–)-[125iodo]-cyanopindolol (l25ICYP) binding were each –50% lower in SHHF/Mcc- cp v JCR:LA- cp myocytes. Cyclic AMP production in response to isoprenaline, isoprenaline plus isobutylmethylxanfhine (IBMX), and forskolin pjus IBMX was also significantly depressed in the SHHF/Mcc- cp cells. In addition, sarcoplasmic reticular 45Ca2+ uptake by SHHF/ Mcc- cp cells was 35% lower than in lean or obese JCR:LA- cp myocytes. Isoprenaline stimulated cAMP production and sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ uptake by the lean JCR:LA-cp cells were comparable to that described previously for myocytes from normal Sprague-Dawley rats. By contrast, Bmax and Kd for 125ICYP binding by the JCR myocytes differed substantially from previously described results for normal Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas values for the SHHF cells did not. Conclusions: Declines in Ca sequestration by the sarcoplasmic reticulum of ventricular cardiomyocytes from obese, hypertensive SHHF rats are not related to their obesity. However, obesity may contribute to the decline in cAMP production. This may account, in part, for the exacerbation by obesity of cardiac dysfunction in essential hypertension. Cardiovascular Research 1993; 27 :238-242

An investigation of the seasonal activity of adult mosquitoes and arboviruses in two native forests revealed a mosquito fauna comprising 33 species for the Mogo State Forest-Batemans Bay locality and 34 species for the Termeil State Forest. The mosquito Aedes vigilax was the most abundant species in salt marshes at Mogo State Forest-Batemans Bay, whereas the freshwater species Anopheles annulipes s.l. and Coquillettidia linealis were most abundant at Termeil State Forest. Major faunal differences between the two environments reflected the extensive saline marsh and mudflat estuarine habitats at Batemans Bay and the predominantly freshwater stream, marsh, and lake habitats of Termeil State Forest. A total of 218 virus isolates was recovered from the mosquitoes, comprising Ross River virus (86 isolates), Gan Gan virus (123 isolates), Termeil virus (2 isolates), and 7 unidentified viruses. The period of greatest arbovirus activity was from midsummer through midautumn and coincided with the overall peak activity of the most common mosquito species. Ae. vigilax yielded most isolates of Ross River and Gan Gan viruses and appeared to be the vector of greatest public health concern.

Thin sections of Ureaplasma urealyticum were examined by electron microscopy. Most cells were spherical or ovoid, 0.4–0.8 μm in diameter. Utilising previously described monoclonal antibodies and protein A-gold, three major antigens were located either on membranes (the 16/17 kDa and 96 kDa antigens) or in the cytoplasm (urease).

This study reports predictions for clinical respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) by means of a rapid test for fetal lung maturity based on fluorescence polarization of a dye (PCI 6) that partitions between surfactant and albumin in amniotic fluid. The test is completed in approximately 30 minutes and requires collection of a specimen volume of only 0.5 mL amniotic fluid. Results are reported as mg surfactantlg albumin (SIA value) equivalence. Ninety-three infants were delivered within 2 days of a collection of amniotic fluid and were followed up for the presence or absence of symptoms consistent with RDS. Ten infants, two of whom had anomalies, developed RDS. With a threshold of

The publisher regrets that on p. 154 the wrong Fig. 3 has been published. The correct Fig. 3 …