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Introduction After a vehicle rollover led to the death of a military member in Central Africa in 2018, it became apparent there was a significant gap in the capability to collect toxicology samples of Service Members involved in accidents and mishaps at remote Special Operations Forces locations in Africa. Multiple misconceptions surrounding sample collection, procedures for laboratory evaluation, and methods for shipment signaled the importance of establishing a procedure and a plan to provide the necessary medical inventory to properly collect and ship samples. Materials and Methods The Special Operations Command Africa (SOCAFRICA) Surgeon’s Office gathered the appropriate supplies for collection of forensic toxicology samples, and simultaneously developed a step-by-step checklist to safely and correctly perform urine and blood collection. The procedures were further improved after the completion of cognitive interviews with a Navy corpsman and Army Civil Affairs medic. Multiple shipping iterations occurred to ensure safe movement and arrival of samples at Armed Forces Medical Examiner System Dover AFB. Two Separate Specimens for Accident Forensic Toxicology Investigation Kits were generated to accommodate personnel typically associated with accidents involving vehicles and aircraft. Results SOCAFRICA’s toxicology kit supports legal and medical chain of custody requirements for investigations, and provides deployed forces in Africa with a mechanism to collect and ship samples from Africa to Dover AFB. The kits are provided to ensure these samples are successfully analyzed, thereby removing any ambiguity surrounding an accident or mishap. Conclusion SOCAFRICA established a prepared kit with all of the materials for sample collection, accompanied by step-by-step descriptions of the procedure, and clear guidance on the proper completion of the requisite paperwork that meets medico-legal requirements.

IN SEPTEMBER 1944, WHILE LEADING the 29th Infantry Division across Brittany to liberate France, the American general Charles Gerhardt decided that his boys needed sex. So he instructed his chief of staff to start a house of prostitution.1 The task went to the St. Renan office of Civil Affairs, the military section assigned to address the needs of the liberated civilian population. Asa Gardiner, the local civil affairs officer, called upon his contacts in the French police force, who produced a pimp named Morot. The pimp, in turn, recommended four prostitutes currently refugeed nearby. Gardiner and Morot rode an army jeep to interview them, and on the way back Gardiner asked Morot to manage the business. For the actual brothel, they billeted a house outside St. Renan that had recently been vacated by the Germans.2

Task Force 1st Armored Division (TF1AD) deployed to Baghdad and South Central Iraq from April 2003 through July 2004. TF1AD preventive medicine had responsibility for ensuring divisional force health protection, including soldier health, disease and nonbattle injury mitigation, health promotion, and civil affairs operations. Heat injury, diarrheal disease, skin and respiratory disease, and eye and musculoskeletal injury rates were high. Command emphasis and preventive medicine action resulted in better living conditions and personal sanitation. To counter the threat, the TF1AD preventive medicine/ division surgeon team used a "spiraling out" approach that focused attention first on hand-washing, potable water, vector control, waste disposal, and food sanitation and later on noise, asbestos, environmental contamination, and radiation. In April 2004, TF1AD shifted focus to the Multinational Division Central-South region of Iraq and many similar problems occurred as in May 2003, although they were less severe, in part because of the lessons learned in Baghdad.

Special Forces Medical Sergeants (18 Delta) in the U.S. Army play a key role in delivering medical care in both combat and civil affairs arenas. Given the breadth of skills required and potential decrement of skills with time, recertification is desirable and mandated. However, there are no formal courses for recertification of 75% of the tasks. A course to fill this need is being developed. A general outline of the course is set forth. To date, the course has recertified 18 Deltas in several areas, received favorable evaluations from the students, and been embraced by the Special Forces battalion leadership. Additional benefits include the instructional staff developing a deployment combat perspective for their area of instruction and better integration between active Army and reserves. Thus far, the course has been very successful.

CHOOSING military personnel for the administration of civil affairs in occupied territory is a challenging exercise in wisdom and ingenuity. How such selection is being carried out by the Army at the present time is the subject of this article. Colonel Harris, a staff member of the School of Milit ry Government at Charlottesville, was in civilian life Professor of Political Science at the University of California. An expert in problems of public administration, he has written extensively on city management, electoral procedures, and related fields.

IN formal terms, the military administration of civil affairs in an occupied area is not concerned with the transition from military to civilian control. Yet, as Dr. Friedrich points out, the decisions which a military administration is called upon to make will indeed affect the nature of the transition. Since military government has as its primary object military victory, not social reform, the problems of transition must be secondary. But in so far as the Rules of Land Warfare provide for the reestablishment of government by law and not by men, a first step toward self-rule will be taken. Beyond that, common sense and the situation will be the guides. In this article, the author discusses, legally and commonsensically, the nature of the task. Dr. Friedrich, Professor of Government at Harvard, is Director of the newly founded School for Overseas Administration at that institution and is now actively engaged in the crucial work of training the men on whom the success or failure of our occupation policy will depend. His most recent book, The New Belief in the Common Man, has been received warmly by the critics.

THIS is a study of a statesman who between wars won the Nobel Peace Prize. But it is more than that, more than a study in political history. It is a caution to those who are tempted to equate sound foreign policy with the safe and the expedient. Lieutenant Commander Boas presents here a case study of what can happen when a victorious coalition chooses to do business with a defeated but unrepentant sinner in the ranks of the enemy. Stresemann was a "natural." There will be others like him before we win the peace. Have we learned our lesson? Before becoming a Civil Affairs officer in the United States Navy, the author was Professor of Philosophy at the Johns Hopkins University. During the last war he served in the Army of Occupation in Germany, about which he wrote in these pages last winter.