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Aim To investigate the impact of malnutrition on postoperative complications in esophageal cancer patients. Background and Methods Malnutrition is common in esophageal cancer patients due to the debilitating nature of their disease. Several methods of nutritional assessment have emerged as significant prognostic factors for short-and long-term outcomes in patients operated for esophageal cancer. The study sample consisted of 85 patients with esophageal (n=11) and gastroesophageal junction (n=74) cancer who were admitted for surgery in the First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece, between September 2015 and March 2019. Out of them, 65 patients underwent esophagectomy, while 20 patients underwent total gastrectomy. The assessment of nutritional status included the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), the Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and sarcopenia. GNRI was based on preoperative values of patients’ serum albumin and body weight. The preoperative assessment of sarcopenia was based on Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) derived from analysis of CT scans using SliceOmatic® Software version 4.3 (Tomovision, Montreal, Canada). Postoperative complications were graded according to Clavien-Dindo classification. Minor complications included categories I-II, whereas major complications included categories III-V. Results Thirty nine patients (47.6%) developed postoperative complications. More specifically, 21 patients (24.7%) developed minor complications and 18 patients (21.2%) developed major complications, while anastomotic leakage occurred in 10 patients (11.8%). Eighty patients (94.1%) had a high-risk GNRI ( Conclusion Higher-risk scores on the GNRI are associated with an increased risk for developing postoperative complications, while sarcopenia is associated with higher risk for anastomotic leakage among esophageal cancer patients. Preoperative assessment of GNRI and sarcopenia should be performed in all patients in order to detect patients who are at greater risk of postoperative morbidity.