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Cyrtophorids are a specialized group of ciliated protozoa with multitudinous morphotypes. In the present work, the morphology and infraciliature of two new and three rarely known species, including two new genera of cyrtophorid ciliates, Heterohartmannula fangi gen. et sp. nov., Aporthotrochilia pulex (Deroux, 1976) gen. et comb. nov., Trochilia alveolata sp. nov., Trochochilodon flavus Deroux, 1976, and Hypocoma acinetarum Collin, 1907, are described. Heterohartmannula gen. nov. is mainly characterized by a combination of features: two circumoral kineties obliquely arranged, podite not surrounded by somatic kineties, and no distinct gap between left and right ciliary field. Aporthotrochilia gen. nov. is diagnosed mainly by: podite present, oral ciliature reduced to two fragments, several kinety fragments positioned on the right posterior of frontoventral kineties and several terminal fragments. Phylogenetic analyses based on the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences support the establishment of two new genera and indicate that Heterohartmannula is most closely related to Hartmannula, and Aporthotrochilia is basal to the Cyrtophoria-Chonotrichia clade. Trochilia alveolata sp. nov. differs from its congeners mainly by having a conspicuous alveolar layer. In addition, detailed live and infraciliature data of Hypocoma acinetarum and Trochochilodon flavus are supplied.

Objectives: To fabricate a maxillary obturator prosthesis for an active duty pilot allowing him to return to active flying status. Methods: A 24-year-old male active duty U.S. Air Force pilot presented with a history of right posterior maxillectomy due to a keratocyst odontogenic tumor. The patient had been wearing an interim obturator prosthesis for 4 months and was removed from active duty flight status. A comprehensive oral evaluation was completed and a definitive obturator prosthesis was fabricated using a cast metal framework. Extraoral 3D stereophotogrammetry and a facial moulage were accomplished. The patient underwent evaluation for return to active flying status. Results: The patient returned to active duty flight status after passing all of the required tests. Conclusion: Obturator prostheses may be a suitable treatment option allowing a patient to conduct all of the required functions of an active flyer.

Background Profound FER deficits exist in Sz, causing social disability, though can be partly remediated with computer-based training. Neurostimulation might augment remediation if critical nodes were identified. We aimed to 1) briefly recapitulate FER deficits of Sz in HV using rTMS to rpSTS, 2) identify connectivity patterns of rpSTS regressed by FER, and 3) apply TMS to rpSTS with fMRI as readout. Methods 1) Nine healthy volunteers had rTMS (10 Hz; 500 msec; 110% RMT) to rpSTS or rOFA (counterbalanced; 10/10 system overlay with standard MRI) concurrent (1/3 trials) with stimuli (http://faces.mpdl.mpg.de/) for emotion or gender identification (button press). 14 Sz patients completed these tasks without TMS. 2) Whole-brain resting-connectivity analyses, seeded by rpSTS, was applied in 27 Sz and 35 HV who also completed the UPenn FER task. 3) BOLD fMRI was obtained in 4 HV pre- and post-TMS to rpSTS (1 Hz; 20 minutes). Results 1) In HV, rTMS to rpSTS only (not OFA) significantly slowed reaction time for FER only (not gender identification): overall F test for logRT (p=.001) with post-hoc rpSTS vs.OFA (p=.005) and rpSTS vs. non-stim trials (p=.004). rpSTS recapitulated slowed RT ad lower FER accuracy of Sz. 2) In both HV and Sz, rpSTS had significant resting connectivity with V1 (p= .00013), positively modulated by FER accuracy. 3) Analyses are ongoing. Discussion rpSTS is a critical node in the FER circuit with connectivity to primary visual cortex modulated by FER, whose disruption recapitulates FER deficits, making it a candidate target for remediatory neurostimulation.

Perception of dispositions of others revealed by movement is an essential ingredient of adaptive daily-life social behavior. Brain imaging points to several brain regions involved in visual processing of social interaction represented by motion of geometric shapes. However, temporal interrelations among these regions remain unknown. Keeping in mind that successful visual social perception depends on intact communication throughout the brain, we focus here on analysis of the induced gamma neuromagnetic response to social interaction revealed by motion. A peak of induced gamma activity of 62 Hz was found at 1 s from the stimulus onset over the right parieto-temporal junction. Two further enhancements in gamma response of lower frequency of 44 Hz occurred at 1.4 s over the medial prefrontal and posterior temporal cortices in the right hemisphere. Subsequent boosts of 44 Hz were found at 1.6 s over the left temporal and right posterior temporal cortices. For the first time, the findings identify the cortical network engaged in visual processing of social interaction revealed by motion and help to better understand proper functioning of the social brain circuitry.

Gamma band oscillatory brain activity was measured to examine the neural basis of 4-month-old infants’ perception of eye gaze direction. Infants were presented with photographic images of upright and inverted female faces directing their gaze towards them or to the side. Direct gaze compared to averted gaze in upright faces elicited increased early evoked gamma activity at occipital channels indicating enhanced neural processing during the earliest steps of face encoding. Direct gaze also elicited a later induced gamma burst over right prefrontal channels, suggesting that eye contact detection might recruit very similar cortical regions as in adults. An induced gamma burst in response to averted gaze was observed over right posterior regions, which might reflect neural processes associated with shifting spatial attention. Inverted faces did not produce such effects, confirming that the gamma band oscillations observed in response to gaze direction are specific to upright faces. These data demonstrate the use of gamma band oscillations in examining the development of social perception and suggest an early specialization of brain regions known to process eye gaze.

The genus Calyptogena (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) comprises highly specialized bivalves living in symbiosis with sulphur-oxidizing bacteria in reducing habitats. In this study, the genus is revised using shell and anatomical features. The work is based on type material, as well as on the extensive collection of vesicomyids obtained during twelve expeditions to the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Nine Recent species are ascribed to the genus Calyptogena, four of which are new: C. pacifica Dall, 1891, C. fausta Okutani, Fujikura & Hashimoto, 1993, C. rectimargo Scarlato, 1981, C. valdiviae (Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931), C. gallardoi Sellanes & Krylova, 2005, C. goffrediae n. sp., C. starobogatovi n. sp., C. makranensis n. sp. and C. costaricana n. sp. The characteristic features of Calyptogena are: shell up to 90 mm in length, elongate-elliptical or elongate; presence of escutcheon; presence of broad posterior ramus (3b) of right subumbonal cardinal tooth as well as right posterior nymphal ridge; absence of pallial sinus as a result of attachment of intersiphonal septal retractor immediately adjacent to ventral surface of posterior adductor; absence of processes on inner vulva of inhalant siphon; presence of inner demibranch only, with descending and ascending lamellae with interlamellar septa not divided into separate tubes. The most closely related taxa to Calyptogena are probably the genus Isorropodon Sturany, 1896, and the group of species rep

Brugada syndrome in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. We report a 32-year-old man with orthodromic atrioventricular (AV) reciprocating tachycardia using a right posterior accessory pathway. However, his ECG showed ST segment elevation in leads V1 to V3. After successful radiofrequency ablation of his accessory pathway a cardioverter defibrillator was implanted.

Dear Editor: I want to present a case where a retrograde cervical approach was used to place spinal cord stimulator lead in a patient with right L5 radiculopathy. A 55-year-old Hispanic woman was taken to the operating room (OR) for permanent transcutaneous spinal cord stimulator (SCS) insertion. She had a history of lower back pain, radiating to her right posterior thigh for 5 years. She had an L5/S1 laminectomy in 2007 that did not relieve her pain. She had a successful SCS trial for right L5 radiculopathy in 2008 and had a plate inserted surgically the same year. The SCS was helping her pain; however, the post-op course was complicated due to infection and the device was removed. The patient did not respond well on conservative treatment (opioids and transforaminal steroid injections). The surgeon refused to reinsert a plate due to the high risk of another infection. The possibility of repeated infection in a healthy adult with an uncompromised immune system and the benefits of SCS placement were discussed with the patient: she preferred to do the procedure. Patient was taken to the OR on March 21, 2011. Her back …

A 56-year-old woman presented with giant lipoma of the posterior chest wall (Fig. 1) with the history of progressively enlarging mass during the 14 years. Magnetic resonance examination showed an extrathoracic tumour (35 £ 20 £ 15 cm in diameter) of the right posterior hemithorax without an infiltration to the thoracic wall, which was lipomatous in origin (Fig. 2a). After tumour excised totally, histology confirmed lipoma (Fig. 2b).

The hypothesis that right posterior parietal lesions cause two attentional deficits, namely, a reduced reactivity to stimuli in the left visual field (LVF), and a reduced reactivity to any stimulus which occupies a relative left position, was tested in 8 patients with an extinction syndrome. In Experiments 1 and 2 the first hypothesis was tested by measuring reaction times (RTs) to visual stimuli presented in the LVF and in the RVF, whereas the second hypothesis was tested by measuring RTs to stimuli totally positioned in the LVF, and in the RVF. The results showed that RTs to stimuli which occupied a relative left position were longer than RTs to stimuli which occupied a relative right position independent of the visual field stimulated and RTs to LVF stimuli were longer than RTs to RVF stimuli. Experiment 3 was designed to examine whether the attentional deficit associated with right parietal damage was mostly related to the use of gravitational rather than to retinal coordinates. In this experiment the patients tilted the head either to the left or the right by 90 deg and they responded to two stimuli displayed above and on either side of a fixation mark. The results showed that the difficulty in attending to the left was related both to the gravitational and the retinal frames of reference.

A cursory examination of the thoracic viscera of the short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda (Say), revealed a pair of extrapulmonary bronchial diverticula emerging from the dorsal caudal margin of the right posterior lobe of the lung. These received only passive interest as anomalous developments peculiar to the individual, until their presence in subsequently dissected specimens suggested that they might be a variation characteristic of the species. Though distal extrapulmonary extensions of the bronchi occur in birds and certain reptiles, where they function as vital or ancillary components of the respiratory system, no homologous structures have been described as a constant anatomical entity in mammalian lungs. By virtue of size and location, the bronchial diverticula in the shrew were non-functional in any respiratory capacity, and the existence of a more subtle selective factor was suspected to be responsible for their perpetuation in the heredity of the species. Therefore, in addition to a description of the diverticula, this study included an attempt to derive a functional apology for their occurrence from the histological and morphological picture presented by the lung of Blarina with regard to comparative evidence. The diverticula were found in all of ninety-four short-tailed shrews taken in Tolland Co., Connecticut. However, to ascertain if they were a universal possession of the species, a series geographically indicative of the population was necessary. The range of Blarina brevicauda , inclusive of several subspecies, covers all of eastern United States, extending from southeastern Canada to Florida, and west of the Mississippi as far as Nebraska. Through the courtesy of Dr. W. H. Burt, formalin-preserved specimens representing the following subspecies and locations were obtained from the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology: one B. brevicauda brevicauda , Ontario, Wellington Co.; one B. brevicauda brevicauda , Maine, Franklin Co.; five B. brevicauda brevicauda , New Hampshire; …