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During the 1620s Girolamo Frescobaldi held the post of organist at St Peter’s in Rome concurrently with that of organist at the Ospedale di Santo Spirito. Both jobs had substantial duties. In this article, the three main requirements of the organist at Santo Spirito—to play for Mass and Vespers, the Saturday litanies and in the hospital ward at meal times—provide the means both for reconstructing part of the daily schedule at Santo Spirito and for tracing Frescobaldi’s activities. The identity of Nicolò Cochi, who frequently signed for Frescobaldi’s salary at St Peter’s, is investigated; previously unpublished documents from the Ospedale archive and financial records are compared; and some conclusions reached as to how a musician such as Frescobaldi could successfully hold dual, if not multiple employments. At the same time, new information about liturgical practice at the Ospedale di Santo Spirito is presented.

The government and administration of the late medieval church is often said to have relied upon bureaucratic ‘machinery’. Using unpublished documents from the archive of Benedict of Ferriby, official of the archdeacon of Stow in the later thirteenth century, the author argues that bureaucracy was not simply mechanical and that ecclesiastical administration depended on personal relations and local knowledge. The operation of pastoral care and ecclesiastical justice in the localities is illuminated, the use of documents is discussed, and the role of the laity in these operations is explored.

An abstract of 75 words or less must accompany the manuscript; therefore, a summary is not required. FOOTNOTES: Unpublished documents and personal communications should be cited in the text by footnotes. Footnotes should be indicated by consecutive, superscript numerals rather than by asterisks or other symbols. LITERATURE CITED: In the text, references to literature citations should be designated by the author's name and year of publication in parentheses. If there are more than two authors, only the senior author's name should be listed in the text with the abbreviation et al., for example: (Smith et al., 1965). Only published references should be given in the Literature Cited, and each should conform in style to the name-and-yearsystem of the C. B. E. STYLE MANUAL. March 1968 189 INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBITORS This content downloaded from 157.55.39.255 on Sat, 16 Apr 2016 06:36:38 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

An abstract of 75 words or less must accompany the manuscript; therefore, a summary is not required. FOOTNOTES: Unpublished documents and personal communications should be cited in the text by footnotes. Foot- notes should be indicated by consecu- tive, superscript numerals rather than by astericks or other symbols. LITERATURE CITED: In the text, references to literature citations should be designated by the author's name and year of publication in parentheses. If there are more than two authors, only the senior author's name should be listed in the text with the abbreviation et al., for example: (Smith et al., 1965). Only published references should be given in the Literature Cited, and each should conform in style to the name-and-year- system of the C. B. E. STYLE MANUAL. 16 BioScience Vol. 20 No. I This content downloaded from 157.55.39.54 on Thu, 30 Jun 2016 06:01:44 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

W ELL over three decades ago in an article for Grove's Dictionary Charles Sanford Terry drew a biographical sketch of Heinrich Isaac that, because of its logical deductions and lucid prose style, may still be regarded as the definitive and most readable account of the composer's life in any language.' Since Terry's time increasing interest in Isaac's music has occasioned further publication and study of his works. Surprisingly, however, little has been added to our knowledge of his biography. The year and place of his birth in Flanders, for example, as well as the cathedral school at which he was trained are still not known. The present study, based for the most part on unpublished Florentine documents, attempts only to bring into focus the events of the last thirty years of his life, from the time he is first mentioned in Florence until his death there in 1517. His activities during the years preceding his association with Florence must remain unknown for the time being, pending further research in the archives of his homeland. In the course of a recent article Claudio Sartori raised the possibility that Isaac may have resided in Florence several years before the commonly accepted date of his arrival there, c. 1484.2 Sartori's suggestion

An abstract of 75 words or less must accompany the manuscript; therefore, a summary is not required. FOOTNOTES: Unpublished documents and personal communications should be cited in the text by footnotes. Foot- notes should be indicated by consecu- tive, superscript numerals rather than by asterisks or other symbols. LITERATURE CITED: In the text, references to literature citations should be designated by the author's name and year of publication in parentheses. If there are more than two authors, only the senior author's name should be listed in the text with the abbreviation et al., for example: (Smith et al., 1965). Only published references should be given in the Literature Cited, and each should conform in style to the name-and-year- system of the C. B. E. STYLE MANUAL. 324 BioScience May 1967 INFORMATION FOR (ONTR1IBUTORS This content downloaded from 157.55.39.159 on Sun, 22 May 2016 04:22:44 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

An abstract of 75 words or less must accompany the manuscript; therefore, a summary is not required. FOOTNOTES: Unpublished documents and personal communications should be cited in the text by footnotes. Foot- notes should be indicated by consecu- tive, superscript numerals rather than by astericks or other symbols. LITERATURE CITED: In the text, references to literature citations should be designated by the author's name and year of publication in parentheses. If there are more than two authors, only the senior author's name should be listed in the text with the abbreviation et al., for example: (Smith et al., 1965). Only published references should be given in the Literature Cited, and each should conform in style to the name-and-year- system of the C. B. E. STYLE MANUAL. September 15, 197

An abstract of 75 words or less must accompany the manuscript; therefore, a summary is not required. FOOTNOTES: Unpublished documents and personal communications should be cited in the text by footnotes. Footnotes should be indicated by consecu- tive, superscript numerals rather than by astericks or other symbols. LITERATURE CITED: In the text, references to literature citations should be designated by the author's name and year of publication in parentheses. If there are more than two authors, only the senior author's name should be listed in the text with the abbreviation et al., for example: (Smith et al., 1965). Only published references should be given in the Literature Cited, and each should conform in style to the name-and-year- system of the C. B. E. STYLE MANUAL. 528 BioScience Vol. 19 No. 6 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.11 on Sat, 09 Jul 2016 05:36:29 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Agood deal, though by no means everything, has already been written about the cappella musicale that Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan, gathered around him during his ten years' reign from 1466 to 1476. The best musicians and singers of the time were invited to become members, and the direction of the two groups into which it was divided chapel singers and chamber singers was entrusted to Antonio Guinati and Gaspar van Weerbecke. Among these members (to cite only the most famous names) were Loyset Compare, Josquin des Prez, Alessandro Agricola, Johannes Martini, Jacop Godebrye (Jacotin), Enrico Knoep, Giovanni Cordier, and Nicol Ochet (I1 Prugli).

AMONG the papers of the Denham, Oudney, and Clapperton Expedition to Equatoria in I822-4, which are deposited at the Royal Geographical Society, are a number of unpublished manuscript notes in Major D. Denham's handwriting. Only some of these have been incorporated in the official account of the expedition. Among these unpublished documents are three, two of which, with the courteous permission of the Royal Geographical Society, are printed below as Documents A and B. The third document is an itinerary similar to Document A; it consists of a list of place-names on the same route and bears the docket " Route of Sultan's Army, I82I.'2 It differs from Document A in having most of the place-names recorded in Arabic as well as in English; it is apparently a subsequent elaboration of A. The latter, with places on the route and some notes, seems to have been the preliminary compilation lor the history of the I82I Expedition, now reprinted as Document B.

An abstract of 75 words or less must accompany the manuscript; therefore, a summary is not required. FOOTNOTES: Unpublished documents and personal communications should be cited in the text by footnotes. Foot- notes should be indicated by consecutive, superscript numerals rather than by astericks or other symbols. LITERATURE CITED: In the text, references to literature citations should be designated by the author's name and year of publication in parentheses. If there are more than two authors, only the senior author's name should be listed in the text with the abbreviation et al., for example: (Smith et al., 1965). Only published references should be given in the Literature Cited, and each should conform in tyle to the name-and-year- system of the C. B. E. STYLE MANUAL.

An abstract of 50 words or less must accompany the manuscript; therefore a summary is not required. Footnotes: Unpublished documents and personal communications should be cited in the text by footnotes. Footnotes should be indicated by consecutive, superscript numerals rather than by asterisks or other symbols. Literature Cited: In the text, references to literature citations should be designated by the author's name and year of publication in par- entheses. If there are more than two authors, only the senior author's name should be listed in the text with the abbreviation et al., for example (Smith et al., 1965). Only published references should be given in the Literature Cited, and each should conform in style to the name-and-year system of the C. B. E. Style Manual for Biological Journals.

An article published in the previous issue of this journal (Lewis and Miller 1987) argues the case for wider private sector participation in the provision of water supply in Africa. A glance at their bibliography shows that practically all the developing country information cited is taken from unpublished documents prepared for USAID, the World Bank and kindred agencies. Lewis and Miller are to be congratulated for bringing the arguments into the open, thus allowing some healthy fresh air into a debate which has been largely confined to the corridors of the aid agencies and their consultants. However, the sweeping nature of some of their generalizations and extrapolations from American (and Latin American) experience casts some doubt on the degree to which the discussion so far has been well informed and fully thought out.

An abstract of 75 words or less must accompany the manuscript; therefore, a summary is not required. FOOTNOTES: Unpublished documents and personal communications should be cited in the text by footnotes. Footnotes should be indicated by consecutive, superscript numerals rather than by astericks or other symbols. LITERATURE CITED: In the text, references to literature citations should be designated by the author's name and year of publication in parentheses. If there are more than two authors, only the senior author's name should be listed in the text with the abbreviation et al., for example: (Smith et al., 1965). Only published references should be given in the Literature Cited, and each should conform in style to the name-and-yearsystem of the C. B. E. STYLE MANUAL. References Bresler, Jack B. 1968. Teaching effectiveness and government awards. Science, 160: 164- 167. Roe, Anne. 1953. The Making of a Scientist. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York, 244 p.

An abstract of 50 words or less must accompany the manuscript; therefore, a summary is not required. Footnotes: Footnotes should be kept to a minimum. Unpublished documents and personal communications should be cited in the text by footnotes and should not be included in the "References." Footnotes should be indicated by consecutive, superscript numerals rather than by asterisks or other symbols. References: In the text, citations to literature should be designated by the author's name and year of publication in parentheses. If there are more than two authors, only the senior author's name should be used in the text with the abbreviation "et al.," for example: (Smith et al. 1965). All authors should be listed in the References, however. Only published references should be given in the References section. The proper form for journal and book references in the bibliography is as follows: Scholander, F. F., V. Waiters, R. Hock, and L. Irving. 1)50. Heat regulation in some arctic and tropical animals and birds. Biol. Bull., 99: 236-258. Porter, W. P. and D. M. Gates. 1969. Thermodynamic equilibria between animals and their environments. Ecol. Monogr., 39: 245-270. Dethier, V. C. 1947. Chemical Insect Attractants and RepeUllants. McGraw-Hill, New York. (Number of pages or specific page reference.) Link, G. K. K. 1928. Bacteria in relation to plant diseases. Pages 590-606 in E. O. Jordan and I. S. Falk, eds. The Newer Knowledge of Bacteriology and Immunology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill. Reprints: Orders for reprints may be placed cither before or after the issue is printed but must be prepaid or accompanied by an institutional purchase order. Allow 4 weeks for delivery after publication. Milner, M. 1969. Protein-enriched Cereal Foods for World Needs. Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem., St. Paul, Minn. PAG. 1970a. Single cell protein. Statement No. 4. 1970b. Amino acid fortification of foods. Statement No. 9 1972a. Preparation of milk sub- stitutes. Guideline No. 13. Protein Advisory Group, United Nations, New York. 1972b. Milk intolerance-nutritional implications. PAG. Bull. 11:2. Protein Ad- visory Group, United Nations, New York. Reid, J. T. 1970. The future role of ruminants in animal production. In Phillipson, A. T. ed. Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant. Oriel Press, Newcastle. Rockefeller Foundation. 1971. President's ten-year review and annual report. The Rockefeller Foundation, New York. Sidwell, V. D. 1972. Utilization of FPC and Acceptability. International Conf. on FPC, Mass. Inst. Tech., June. Stillings, B. R. and G. M. Knobl, Jr. 1971. Fish protein concentrate: a new source of dietary protein. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 48:412-414.