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We explicitly construct the Dirichlet series $$\begin{equation*}L_{\mathrm{Tam}}(s):=\sum_{m=1}^{\infty}\frac{P_{\mathrm{Tam}}(m)}{m^s},\end{equation*}$$ where |$P_{\mathrm{Tam}}(m)$| is the proportion of elliptic curves |$E/\mathbb{Q}$| in short Weierstrass form with Tamagawa product m. Although there are no |$E/\mathbb{Q}$| with everywhere good reduction, we prove that the proportion with trivial Tamagawa product is |$P_{\mathrm{Tam}}(1)={0.5053\dots}$|⁠. As a corollary, we find that |$L_{\mathrm{Tam}}(-1)={1.8193\dots}$| is the average Tamagawa product for elliptic curves over |$\mathbb{Q}$|⁠. We give an application of these results to canonical and Weil heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the Spanish source of Oliver Goldsmith's 1759 poem "On a Beautiful Youth Struck Blind With Lightning," particularly his two quatrains. Also cited are an analysis by editor Roger Lonsdale of Goldsmith's poetry in which he found that a version of the quatrain appeared in a 1760 issue of the "British Magazine," as well as the studies by Peter Cunningham, Austin Dobson, and Arthur Friedman on Goldsmith's work.

While studying the systematics and taxonomy of round-eared sengis (genus Macroscelides), we identified an unusual specimen from remote northwestern Namibia in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. To determine if this represented a different species, we made 9 collecting trips with 5,616 trap-nights of effort that produced 16 voucher specimens (including the original specimen) of the unusual sengi. These specimens are distinguished from other Macroscelides species by morphological metrics (they are smaller), external features (rusty-tinged pelage, large subcaudal gland, and lack of dark skin pigment), and by divergence at 3 independently segregating DNA loci. These traits are the basis for the description of a new species of Macroscelides that seems to be confined to gravel plains associated with the distinctive reddish colored Etendeka geological formation of northwestern Namibia. The new species appears to be reproductively isolated from congeners, because portions of its distribution are sympatric with that of the Namib round-eared sengi ( M. flavicaudatus), and we found no evidence of hybrid individuals or gene flow. The new species is allopatric with the Karoo round-eared sengi ( M. proboscideus), which is found about 500 km to the south. The new species, along with M. flavicaudatus, is endemic to Namibia. With this 3rd species in the genus, there are now 19 recognized extant species in the order Macroscelidea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the role of early imperial Peripatetics - in particular, Andronicus of Rhodes, Boethus of Sidon, Herminus, and Alexander - in the development of the canonical reading of the Categories influentially maintained by Porphyry. I investigate the common threads of Middle Platonist and Peripatetic views on the value of the Categories, focusing on the utility of the method of division ( diairesis) for acquiring knowledge ( epistêmê), and argue for a shared Peripatetic-Platonist consensus about the reasons why the Categories should ground the philosophical curriculum. In particular, I suggest that Andronicus of Rhodes and Eudorus might have played a significant role in the development of this consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

myloid fibrils arise from the aggregation of misfolded proteins into highly-ordered structures. The accumulation of these fibrils along with some non-fibrillar constituents within amyloid plaques is associated with the pathogenesis of several human degenerative diseases. A number of plasma apolipoproteins, including apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apoA-II, apoC-II and apoE are implicated in amyloid formation or influence amyloid formation by other proteins. We review present knowledge of amyloid formation by apolipoproteins in disease, with particular focus on atherosclerosis. Further insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying their amyloidogenic propensity are obtained from in vitro studies which describe factors affecting apolipoprotein amyloid fibril formation and interactions. Additionally, we outline the evidence that amyloid fibril formation by apolipoproteins might play a role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, and highlight possible molecular mechanisms that could contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The misfolding and self-assembly of proteins into amyloid fibrils, which occur in several debilitating and age-related diseases, are affected by common components of amyloid deposits, notably lipids and lipid complexes. Previously, the effects of phospholipids on amyloid fibril formation by apolipoprotein (apo) C-II have been examined, where low concentrations of micellar phospholipids and lipid bilayers induce a new, straight rod-like morphology for apoC-II fibrils. This fibril appearance is distinct from the twisted-ribbon morphology observed when apoC-II fibrils are formed in the absence of lipids. We used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) to visualize the described polymorphism of apoC-II amyloid fibrils. The spontaneous assembly of apoC-II into either twisted-ribbon fibrils in the absence of lipids or into fibrils of straight rod-like morphology when lipids are present was captured by TIRFM. The latter was found to be better suited for visualization using TIRFM. The difference between seeding of apoC-II straight fibrils on microscopic quartz slide and in test tube suggested a role for the effects of incubation surface on fibril formation. Seed-dependent growth of apoC-II straight fibrils was probed further by using a dual-labelling construct, giving insights into the straight fibril growth pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criticizes Oliver Goldsmith's act of plagiarism. Accusation of Samuel Jackson against Goldsmith; Why Goldsmith borrowed from a number of sources; Information on the material which has been detected and confirmed to be used by Goldsmith; Complaint of Ronald S. Crane on the translation made by Goldsmith on his essays.