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Notably, single-amplified genomes (SAGs) and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) obtained from single-cell genomic and metagenomic approaches, respectively, have become the most effective methods that enable organism-level genomic analysis of complex microbial ecosystems without the need for cultivation, which brings lighttoMDM. Hug et al. used more than 1000 MDM genomes, together with public genomic data,toinferthetreeoflifeanddescribed a hyper-diverse clade of MDM termed the Candidate Phyla Radiation (CPR), subdividing the domain Bacteria [4]. The study of MDM is still in its infancy and further exploration of MDM will continue to provide unanticipated and excitinganswersabouttheevolutionand roles of MDM in nature. This is so-called Microbial Dark Matter (MDM): the enormous diversity of yet-uncultivated microbes that microbiologists can only study by using cultivation-independent techniques. [Extracted from the article]

Most cultured bamboos are perennial woody evergreens that reproduce from rhizomes. It is unclear why some rhizome buds develop into aerial bamboo shoots instead of new rhizomes. REVOLUTA (REV)-like Class III homeodomain leucine-zipper (HD-Zip) proteins and TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1)-like transcription factors have been shown to play regulatory roles in meristem initiation and outgrowth. We cloned and analyzed the bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox C.D. Chu & C.S. Chao.) REV- (PpHB1) and TB1-like (PpTB1) gene. Gene expression was mainly detected by in situ hybridization. PpHB1 expression was detected in the tips of lateral buds, on the adaxial portion of the leaf and within the developing procambium, indicating its close correlation to rhizome bud formation and procambial development. PpTB1 expression was mainly detected on the top of buds at later developmental stages, suggesting it was more likely involved in bud outgrowth. Meristem genes might therefore serve as specific molecular markers of rhizome bud development and could be useful in studies designed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying bamboo shoot development. In addition, meristem genes such as TB1-like sequences may be useful in phylogenetic analyses of bamboo species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]