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To test alternative explanations for the comorbidity between fibromyalgia (FM), a medically unexplained syndrome involving widespread pain, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In contrast to a default “risk factor” hypothesis, tested hypotheses were that: A) The association is due to a sampling bias introduced by the study of care-seeking individuals; B) FM is an additive burden that strains coping resources when confronting life stress; and C) Arousal symptoms of PTSD and FM are confounded. Community-dwelling women in the New York/New Jersey metropolitan area (N=1,312) completed a telephone survey regarding FM-like symptoms prior to September 11, 2001. Approximately 6 months after the World Trade Center terrorist attacks, they again completed the survey, to which questions regarding PTSD symptoms were added. The odds of probable PTSD were more than three times greater in women with FM-like symptoms, both assessed after 9/11. The odds ratio was not reduced by controlling for FM-like symptoms before 9/11 or for the potentially confounded symptoms of PTSD specifically related to arousal. These findings lead us to reject alternate explanations for the comorbidity between FM and PTSD. Speculations that FM and PTSD share psychobiological risk factors remain plausible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a principled approach to adjourning the decision to enforce under the Model Law and the New York Convention. Background on the New York Convention and the Model Law; Possible conflict between domestic practices and international policies; Overview of the working papers of the United Nationals Conference on International Commercial Arbitration regarding Article VI of the New York Convention.

Higher education operates in a quickly changing, progressively more globalized, cosmopolitan, and interconnected world (Bauman, 2000 , Globalization: The Human Consequences. New York/Chichester: Columbia University Press; Appiah, 2006 , Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers. New York: W.W. Norton & Co; Zuckerman, 2013 , Rewire: Digital Cosmopolitans in the Age of Connection. New York: W. W. Norton & Company). At the same time, substantive inequalities between people and places mean that this connectivity and knowledge is unevenly spread (Hallberg Adu, 2014 , What is the opposite of a knowledge society? A critical reflection from Ghana. In Amoah, L. (ed.), Impacts of the Knowledge Society on Economic and Social Growth in Africa. IGI Global). For our students, the future leaders of this unequal world, critical reasoning becomes a key skill, and perhaps especially so for students in the Global South. This paper argues that digital humanities (DH) can provide both a theoretical framework for decolonizing the academy and technological solutions to hurdles in this process. The paper argues that assignments, their theoretical underpinnings, and implementation are key to decolonizing higher education. It describes three accessible technology-driven assignments with DH pedagogy created for diverse classrooms at Ashesi University in Ghana and discusses their outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Hypothesis With increasing recognition of the importance of cognitive health for recovery in people with psychosis, questions arise as to how to implement cognitive health services in large systems of care. This paper describes the implementation of cognitive health services in OnTrackNY (OTNY), a network of clinics delivering a Coordinated Specialty Care treatment model for early psychosis, with the goal of documenting the processes, challenges, and useful adaptations. Study Design In 2018, OTNY piloted a Cognitive Health Toolkit for implementation across 18 affiliated clinics. The toolkit intended to identify the cognitive health needs of individuals early in the course of psychosis and to integrate cognitive health into the vocabulary of wellness and recovery. Implementation involved creating mechanisms for staff training and support to, in turn, help participants improve how they use cognitive skills in daily life. Study Results The toolkit was disseminated to all 28 OTNY programs throughout New York state by 2023. When simple assessment and decision-making tools were embedded in routine care practices, the majority of participants identified that improving memory, attention, and critical thinking skills would be helpful. Consistently, about 70% of those asked wanted to learn more about how to better their cognitive health. Conclusions Cognitive health services can be implemented in large systems of care that provide a multi-level system of implementation supports. Organizational facilitators of implementation include a training program to educate about cognitive health and the delivery of cognitive health interventions, and embedded quality assurance monitoring and improvement activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on miscellaneous events related to philosophy. Latsis Foundation has invited nominations for the award Lakatos Award for books on philosophy of science. A conference titled "Kantian and Post-Kantian Aesthetics" organized by the Department of Philosophy at the University of Rochester would be held in Rochester, New York during May 10-12, 1990. Papers have been invited for a seminar of the Mind Association and the Aristotelian Society to be held in July 1990.

The article discusses the highlights of the 13th Joint International Conference of the Association for Computers and the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing held at New York University in Greenwich Village, New York City, from June 13-17, 2001. 324 participants registered to attend the conference, while about 50 more witnessed the webcasts of the opening and closing sessions. In her opening plenary, Johanna Drucker of the University of Virginia explored the digital humanities discipline. The conference also presented some papers including one about corpora analysis.

Predicting the bike demand can help rebalance the bikes and improve the service quality of a bike-sharing system. A lot of works focus on predicting the bike demand for all the stations, which is unnecessary as the travel cost of rebalance operations increases sharply as the number of stations increases. In this paper, we propose a framework for predicting the hourly bike demand based on the central stations we define. Firstly, we propose Two-Stage Station Clustering Algorithm to assign central stations and common stations into each cluster. Secondly, we propose a hierarchical prediction model to predict the hourly bike demand for every cluster and each central station progressively. Thirdly, we use a well-studied queuing model to determine the target initial inventory for each central station. The most innovative contribution of this paper is proposing the concept of central station, the use of a novel algorithm to cluster the central stations and present a hierarchical model, containing the Time and Weather Similarity Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm and a linear model to predict the bike demand for central stations. The experimental results on the New York citi bike system demonstrate that our proposed method is more accurate than other methods in solving existing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low rates of survey response are a problem that survey organizations increasingly experience across the world. Understanding local socio-demographic reasons for low response, and projecting future response, can inform targeted outreach and messaging to communities. Using the US Census as a case study, we study mail response behavior both cross-sectionally and over time. The cross-sectional part of this study (2010) helps inform the selection of explanatory variables for a two-panel difference model (2000–2010). In turn, the two-panel difference model offers an in-depth understanding of which demographic indicators shape response across time. Increases in response between 2000 and 2010 were found to be associated with growth in the elderly and in the Dominican populations, while growth in blacks, renters, and those with low educational attainment were associated with decreases in response. Coefficients from the two-panel difference model are then applied to demographic changes from 2008–2012 to 2013–2017, to project response rates for the most recent period. While much of our findings are in line with prior survey research, we demonstrate the importance of projecting response behavior using a local perspective, as national-level results do not always apply to smaller jurisdictions. In a diverse country such as the United States, a hyper-diverse city such as New York often carves its own path. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that connects shifts in socio-demographic neighborhood characteristics with changes in response rates. As racial and ethnic diversity increases in cities across western societies, our methodology allows jurisdictions to project response rates using shifts in socio-demographic neighborhood characteristics that are tied to self-response. Such a tailored approach can be replicated across different kinds of surveys, countries, and time points, which will allow for the identification of local factors that drive changes in survey response and help establish a precisely customized outreach plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

James Hazen Hyde (1876-1959) gathered the most comprehensive and diversified collection of artworks representing the Allegory of the Four Continents from the mid-sixteenth to the late nineteenth century. He also produced a number of well-researched studies on this iconographical theme. Hyde was born in New York but spent a major part of his life in Paris: this paper investigates his complex personality as a collector and sees how his beginnings in New York society of the Gilded Age and his subsequent transplantation into the Parisian milieu affected his collecting practices. Indeed Hyde embraced the model of the amateur, whose personal life is inseparable from his work: tending his collecting habit constituted his everyday activity. This paper will also argue that Hyde’s collection was intrinsically linked to the process of writing and, more specifically, to the writing of art history. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Focuses on the history and reception of the opera `Troubled Island,' by William Grant Still in New York. Impact of negative reviews on the composer and associates of the opera; Revisions done in the opera; Opera as an achievement for the African American culture; Influence of cold-war politics in the closure of the opera.

Corruption demoralises government and weakens the whole endeavour of policy formulation and its implementation. It diminishes services and causes fiscal stress, but most of all it undermines trust and corrodes legitimate community expectations. Corruption takes many forms and is found in many contexts. This paper develops a framework for the analysis of corruption which identifies types, activities, sectors and places (TASP). With the TASP framework identified or suspected corruption in any setting can be analysed as a precursor to the controls and processes that are most appropriate for the control and modification of corrupt behaviour, which ideally can enhance public sector performance. The TASP framework assists in pinpointing the nature, location and context of public sector corruption, and illustrates more precisely where the risks of corrupt activity might arise. This paper demonstrates, with empirical work from New York City and the State of Victoria in Australia (Australia's second most populous state), that more precise classification and characterisation of the nature and types of corrupt activity is an essential precondition to the development and design of targeted anti-corruption measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to a recent court decision, the Annals of Occupational Hygiene is reviewing our procedures to ensure transparency in authorship and direct and indirect conflicts of interest. These improvements are intended to help protect the integrity of the science presented in the journal. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Based on ethnographic data collected in a New York Chinatown church, this paper explores how ethnic socialization and upward assimilation work together, a primary theme of the segmented assimilation thesis, among working class immigrant Chinese youth who convert to Christianity. These youth are much more bi-cultural and more at risk than the Asian American youth who have received most of the attention in the immigrant religion literature. This study shows that the church facilitates youth socialization by being a nurturing surrogate family that compensates for the weakness of immigrant families and the lack of parental resources. This study suggests that working class immigrant Chinese conversion to Christianity involves a re-authoritization process in which the new authorities in the Western Christian world, as represented by the pastor's role as a foster father, replace the old ones embedded in traditional Chinese families and create an emotionally open culture for the marginalized youth. This emotionally open culture of the church places immigrant youth's adaptation in a supportive context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the life and works of Sidney Laskin in the field of toxicology. It states that Laskin received his bachelor's degree from Brooklyn College in 1940. It mentions that he joined the Institute of Environmental Medicine of New York University Medical Center in 1951, where he spent the rest of his career. It notes that Laskin, together with Herbert Stokinger, wrote a seminal paper which entitled "Air Pollution and the Particle Size Toxicity Problem," in 1950.

Background and Rationale: Tobacco use is common among persons living with hepatitis C (PLHC), yet little is known about their smoking behaviors and beliefs. Modern hepatitis C treatment offers a unique opportunity to intensively engage this population about other health risks, including smoking.Main Results: Seventy-seven tobacco users (40 hepatitis C virus [HCV] seropositive and 37 HCV seronegative) enrolled in an interview study in a New York City clinic. The mean age was 51.6, 57.1% were male, 40.3% Latino, and 49.4% black. 67.5% were single and 18.2% were employed. HCV+ smokers differed from HCV- smokers in having a higher prevalence of illicit substance use, depression, and hypertension. PLHC smokers were highly motivated to quit, with 52.5% stating an intention to quit within 30 days. Most of the PLHC smokers had used cessation-directed pharmacotherapy, but almost none had tried a quitline or a quit smoking website. PLHC smokers scored higher on the intrapersonal locus of control subscale. Almost a quarter (22.5%) believed that smoking "helped fight the HCV."Conclusions: PLHC smokers have a high burden of psychiatric and substance use comorbidity. They exhibit characteristics that distinguish them from uninfected smokers, and many harbor false beliefs about imagined benefits of smoking. They are highly motivated to quit but underutilize cessation aids. Without aggressive intervention, smoking-related morbidity will likely mute the health benefits and longevity gains associated with hepatitis C treatment. Research such as this may prove useful in guiding the development of future tobacco treatment strategies.Implications: This is the first paper to examine, in detail, sociobehavioral correlates of tobacco use in PLHC. PLHC are recognized by the Department of Health and Human Services as a high-priority health disparities population. We are not aware of any tobacco treatment services designed specifically for PLHC. The first step in designing an intervention is defining the characteristics of the target group. Our findings will begin to address this need, and may prove useful in optimizing tobacco treatment strategies for smokers living with hepatitis C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tells the story of events that led up to a septoplasty and the consequences that followed it. The patient is a medical ethicist. After scratching the inside of a nostril in 1976, he suffered with occasional bleeding and irritation for almost two decades. He tried topical treatment. As this failed, he sought help from an ENT specialist. The paper relates the conduct of the patient and others (friends in the medical field, the patient's spouse, nurses and anesthesiologists) vis-à-vis informed consent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the politicization of the people of Westchester County, New York during the American Revolution. Westchester's indifference to continental and imperial politics before the revolution; Efforts by the Loyalist leaders of the county to neutralize the influence of the Whig assemblymen on local residents; Whigs' first attempt to politicize the county people; More.

This study addressed the critical gap in research on the academic English vocabulary knowledge of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students at the college level, with a specific focus on academic English verbs. An English vocabulary test was developed to assess knowledge of academic verbs at three distinct corpus-defined lexical frequency ranges. The test was administered to the DHH students along with two comparison groups of college peers—students of English as an Additional Language (EAL)1 and hearing native-English-speaking students. Results revealed near-ceiling performance by hearing native speakers but significant vocabulary challenges in the DHH and EAL learner groups, who exhibited parallel lexical knowledge. Learner group performance increased as verb frequency range increased and as overall English proficiency level increased. The findings demonstrate that lexical frequency effects guide English verb acquisition in the targeted populations.2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Androgen levels are generally measured in serum samples, but urine may be a more feasible option, especially in children, as it is a noninvasive alternative. Objective To assess the correlations of 10 urinary androgen metabolites with 4 serum androgens [dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), androstenedione, and total and free testosterone] and assess if their correlations differ by participant characteristics. Methods Our study consisted of 44 girls, ages 6-13, who participated in the New York site of the LEGACY Girls Study and had both serum and urine samples collected at the same visit. We performed Pearson's correlation coefficient tests between 4 serum and 10 individual urinary metabolite measures and their sum. We examined the influence of participant characteristics on the magnitude and direction of the correlations. Results The summed urinary metabolite measures had the highest correlation with free testosterone in serum (global sum, r = 0.83) and correlated least with DHEA-S in serum (global sum, r = 0.64). The correlation between individual urinary metabolites and serum androgens ranged from 0.08 to 0.84.Two 11-oxygenated urinary metabolites (5α-androstane-3α-ol-11,17-dione5β-androstane-3α,11β-diol-17-one) were weakly correlated with all serum androgens. Participant age, weight, height, waist:hip ratio, and pubic hair growth stage changed the correlations between urinary and serum androgens measures between 10% and 213%. Conclusion The sum of urinary androgen metabolites was a good marker of circulating androstenedione, testosterone, and free testosterone. Individual urinary metabolites provide additional information about the metabolic processes of disease development compared to the antecedent serum androgens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue focuses on the security and performance of computer networks and cloud computing. It was inspired by papers presented at a special symposium held on 22 September 2011 in honor of Professor Satish K. Tripathi on the occasion of his 60th birthday and on the eve of his formal investiture as President of the University at Buffalo, the State University of New York. The symposium brought together some 100 participants, including several of Professor Tripathi's current and former collaborators, colleagues and students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) that was held on May 18-21, 1967 at Bolton Landing, New York. The conference was divided into fifteen formal sessions and three round tables. The new format also consists a presentation program of the best papers from a recent AAPOR competition for graduate students. In addition to the informative meetings, numerous social events were also organized. Also, the AAPOR Award of 1967 for distinguished achievement in the field of public opinion was presented to Hans Zeisel, a social researcher. Some of the topics on which papers were presented at the conference are: variations in the application of theory to attitude and opinion research; interviewing: special situations and problems; polling and the political process; socio-medical research in sensitive areas; predicting purchasing behavior: alchemy or science? and; computer-assisted analysis of survey data.

The article presents information on the seventeenth annual conference of American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) held from May 17 to 20, 1962 at the Hotel Sagamore in Lake George, New York. The entire conference was dedicated to the memory of Samuel A. Stouffer. At a special general session, Stouffer's former colleagues, Clyde W. Hart, Philip M Hauser, and Herbert H. Hyman, discussed his recently published collected papers, "Social Research to Test Ideas." The conference was organized into eleven formal sessions in addition to the nine round-table meetings. John W. Riley, delivered his presidential address at the annual banquet. At that time also, the newly created AAPOR Award was presented to Angus Campbell of the University of Michigan. The article also presents abstracts that were prepared by the authors of papers presented at the formal sessions. Summaries of the discussion that took place at round-table meetings and at sonic of the formal sessions were written by their chairmen or by persons whom they designated.

The ancestral recombination graph (ARG) is a structure that represents the history of coalescent and recombination events connecting a set of sequences (Hudson RR. In: Futuyma D, Antonovics J, editors. Gene genealogies and the coalescent process. In: Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology; 1991. p. 1 to 44.). The full ARG can be represented as a set of genealogical trees at every locus in the genome, annotated with recombination events that change the topology of the trees between adjacent loci and the mutations that occurred along the branches of those trees (Griffiths RC, Marjoram P. An ancestral recombination graph. In: Donnelly P, Tavare S, editors. Progress in population genetics and human evolution. Springer; 1997. p. 257 to 270.). Valuable insights can be gained into past evolutionary processes, such as demographic events or the influence of natural selection, by studying the ARG. It is regarded as the "holy grail" of population genetics (Hubisz M, Siepel A. Inference of ancestral recombination graphs using ARGweaver. In: Dutheil JY, editors. Statistical population genomics. New York, NY: Springer US; 2020. p. 231–266.) since it encodes the processes that generate all patterns of allelic and haplotypic variation from which all commonly used summary statistics in population genetic research (e.g. heterozygosity and linkage disequilibrium) can be derived. Many previous evolutionary inferences relied on summary statistics extracted from the genotype matrix. Evolutionary inferences using the ARG represent a significant advancement as the ARG is a representation of the evolutionary history of a sample that shows the past history of recombination, coalescence, and mutation events across a particular sequence. This representation in theory contains as much information, if not more, than the combination of all independent summary statistics that could be derived from the genotype matrix. Consistent with this idea, some of the first ARG-based analyses have proven to be more powerful than summary statistic-based analyses (Speidel L, Forest M, Shi S, Myers SR. A method for genome-wide genealogy estimation for thousands of samples. Nat Genet. 2019:51(9):1321 to 1329.; Stern AJ, Wilton PR, Nielsen R. An approximate full-likelihood method for inferring selection and allele frequency trajectories from DNA sequence data. PLoS Genet. 2019:15(9):e1008384.; Hubisz MJ, Williams AL, Siepel A. Mapping gene flow between ancient hominins through demography-aware inference of the ancestral recombination graph. PLoS Genet. 2020:16(8):e1008895.; Fan C, Mancuso N, Chiang CWK. A genealogical estimate of genetic relationships. Am J Hum Genet. 2022:109(5):812–824.; Fan C, Cahoon JL, Dinh BL, Ortega-Del Vecchyo D, Huber C, Edge MD, Mancuso N, Chiang CWK. A likelihood-based framework for demographic inference from genealogical trees. bioRxiv. 2023.10.10.561787. 2023.; Hejase HA, Mo Z, Campagna L, Siepel A. A deep-learning approach for inference of selective sweeps from the ancestral recombination graph. Mol Biol Evol. 2022:39(1):msab332.; Link V, Schraiber JG, Fan C, Dinh B, Mancuso N, Chiang CWK, Edge MD. Tree-based QTL mapping with expected local genetic relatedness matrices. bioRxiv. 2023.04.07.536093. 2023.; Zhang BC, Biddanda A, Gunnarsson ÁF, Cooper F, Palamara PF. Biobank-scale inference of ancestral recombination graphs enables genealogical analysis of complex traits. Nat Genet. 2023:55(5):768–776.). As such, there has been significant interest in the field to investigate 2 main problems related to the ARG: (i) How can we estimate the ARG based on genomic data, and (ii) how can we extract information of past evolutionary processes from the ARG? In this perspective, we highlight 3 topics that pertain to these main issues: The development of computational innovations that enable the estimation of the ARG; remaining challenges in estimating the ARG; and methodological advances for deducing evolutionary forces and mechanisms using the ARG. This perspective serves to introduce the readers to the types of questions that can be explored using the ARG and to highlight some of the most pressing issues that must be addressed in order to make ARG-based inference an indispensable tool for evolutionary research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research conducted at the New York State Reformatory for Women at Bedford under the direction of founding superintendent Katharine Bement Davis produced some of the most influential data on prostitution in the Progressive Era. While Davis and Bedford have figured prominently in histories of the women's prison reform movement, historical studies of the social response to prostitution in the Progressive Era, and feminist biographical accounts of women in early twentieth century reform crusades, the relationship between penal reform and the changing social organization of labor has been overlooked. This paper undertakes a critical reexamination of the Bedford data, demonstrating that while Davis advocated a social scientific approach to reform, she systematically displaced the significance of structural factors at two crucial levels: her studies of inmates and her own philosophy and practice of reform. Studies of inmates discounted the role of economic factors for women's entry into prostitution in favor of explanations that emphasized familial and personal weakness. The institutionalization, training, and parole of inmates functioned not simply to place inmates in domestic service but to effectively disqualify them from other sources of respectable employment. Viewed through the lens of a social organization of labor perspective, a previously neglected dimension of the logic and practice of reform is illuminated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Information about several papers discussed at a symposium sponsored by the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory of the State College at Buffalo, New York on the ecological problems faced by Great Lakes is presented. Topics include the biology, physical and chemical limnology, meteorology, thermal studies, geology and remote sensing. The symposium featured environmentalist and limnologist and other scientist that discusses options to reconstruct the ecological balance of the Great Lake.

In art and design programmes across the USA, the ‘history of design survey’ remains the first, and sometimes the only, formal exposure most design students will have to design history, especially that of the premodern period. In contrast to the model of the art history survey, in which painting and sculpture dominate, history of design surveys consider a range of disciplines from textile and furniture design to landscape, graphics and new media. Moreover, the history of design survey is an opportunity to introduce students not only to design history but also to the culture of these various disciplines within design practice. This greatly expands the scope of what is already a broad chronological study. The continuing debate within the field of design history over the very nature of what constitutes design further complicates teaching a survey. This paper presents a case study of ‘History of Design, 1850–2000’, the introductory-level design history survey course taught to design students at Parsons The New School for Design, New York. It is based on an overview of history of design courses currently being taught in the USA and on discussions with instructors in the field. It examines the challenges as well as the opportunities of teaching design history surveys and sets the Parsons course within continuing debates by exploring the ways history of design surveys might address more closely the needs and goals of future design practitioners. The article is intended to elucidate methodological and pedagogical perspectives that will help history of design surveys remain relevant to design students and useful in framing the field and propelling it forward. It invites disciplinary discussions of new strategies and approaches for teaching and learning the history of design. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Henry Clay Frick (1849–1919), a pioneer in the Pittsburgh coke and steel industries and an enormously successful financier, amassed one of the most magnificent collections of Old Master paintings of America's Gilded Age. The Frick Collection, housed in Frick's mansion in New York City, was bequeathed to the public in 1919 and opened in 1935 as a museum. In this paper, the author explores Frick's tastes and acquisitions, and considers his aspirations, not only as a leading collector in the early twentieth century but also as the founder of The Frick Collection, which he intended to be his ‘monument’ [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The author provides a historical background of the development of clinical neuropsychology in New York City from 1930 to 1960. He offers information on major scholars in the field, including Herbert G. Birch, Martin Scheerer, and Kurt Goldstein who worked at universities such as City College of New York (CCNY), among others. The author notes historical forces that shaped neuropsychology include World War II and the persecution by the Nazis.

We sought to quantify changes in tree species composition, forest structure and aboveground forest biomass (AGB) over 76 years (1930-2006) in the deciduous Black Rock Forest in southeastern New York, USA. We used data from periodic forest inventories, published floras and a set of eight long-term plots, along with species-specific allometric equations to estimate AGB and carbon content. Between the early 1930s and 2000, three species were extirpated from the forest (American elm (Ulmus americana L.), paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (nigra) (Mill.) BSP)) and seven species invaded the forest (non-natives tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) and white poplar (Populus alba L.) and native, generally southerly distributed, southern catalpa (Catalpa bignonioides Walt.), cockspur hawthorn (Crataegus crus-galli L.), red mulberry (Morus rubra L.), eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) and slippery elm (Ulmus rubra Muhl.)). The forest canopy was dominated by red oak and chestnut oak, but the understory tree community changed substantially from mixed oak-maple to red maple-black birch. Density decreased from an average of 1500 to 735 trees ha-1, whereas basal area doubled from less than 15 m² ha-1 to almost 30 m² ha-1 by 2000. Forest-wide mean AGB from inventory data increased from about 71 Mg ha-1 in 1930 to about 145 Mg ha-1 in 1985, and mean AGB on the long-term plots increased from 75 Mg ha-1 in 1936 to 218 Mg ha-1 in 1998. Over 76 years, red oak (Quercus rubra L.) canopy trees stored carbon at about twice the rate of similar-sized canopy trees of other species. However, there has been a significant loss of live tree biomass as a result of canopy tree mortality since 1999. Important constraints on long-term biomass increment have included insect outbreaks and droughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most American and English cancer patients prefer to die at home. Factors associated with greater likelihood of dying at home have been contradictory in many studies and no studies have compared the effects of factors in different countries. The objective of this paper is to compare the factors affecting place of cancer death in two major cities, New York and London. Methods: We use data on all individuals aged ≥40 dying of cancer in London (59604) and New York City (51 668) in the years 1995 through 1998. The probability of death at home is examined in each city as a function of gender, age group (40-55, 56-64, 65-74, 75+), year, type of cancer, and area socioeconomic status, using multiple logistic regression. Results: Although the probability of death at home is the same in the two cities (∼1 in 5), being female lowers the odds of death at home by ∼7% in London, and raises it by ∼22% in New York. Older age is associated with increased odds of dying at home in New York but decreased odds of dying at home in London. Being in the lowest tercile of socioeconomic status (relative to the highest) lowers the odds of death at home by 22% in London and 39% in New York. Conclusion: Site of death varies significantly by patient and area characteristics in both cities, an understanding, which should be taken account of in future planning of end-of-life care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In systematic studies of the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis, DNA fingerprinting is used to estimate the fraction of incident cases attributable to recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis rather than reactivation disease and to identify risk factors for recent transmission. This approach is based on the premise that tuberculosis cases that share a DNA fingerprint are epidemiologically related while cases in which fingerprints are unique are due to remote infection that has reactivated. In this paper, the authors review the objectives and design of molecular epidemiologic studies of tuberculosis, describe current analytical approaches, and consider the impact of these different approaches on study results. Using data from a previously published investigation of the epidemiology of tuberculosis conducted from 1990 to 1993 among tuberculosis patients in New York City, New York, the authors show how selecting different measures of disease frequency, comparison groups, and sampling strategies may impact the results and interpretability of the study. They demonstrate ways to conduct sensitivity analyses of estimated results and suggest strategies that may improve the usefulness of this approach to studying tuberculosis. Am J Epidemiol 2002;155:565-71 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks resulted in the catastrophic collapse of the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. Approximately 40 minutes after the World Trade Center was attacked, a similar terrorist attack was perpetrated against the Pentagon in Washington, DC. A fourth hijacked plane crashed in a wooded area in Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Although the physical devastation has been unparalleled in this nation, the psychological devastation may not be evident for months, or even years. The purpose of this paper is to review and expand the theoretical and empirical foundations of G. S. Everly and J. T. Mitchell's (2001, International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 3, 133–135) 10 recommendations or “commandments” on how to address the psychological consequences of mass terrorism. The article also includes important recommendations for emergency personnel regarding pre‐, during, and postdisaster measures, such as predisaster resiliency training, and steps to assist the reestablishment of a sense of physical safety and community cohesion postdisaster. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines growing up in severely-distressed households typical of many in inner-city New York where drug abuse, sexual exploitation, and violence are the norm. The continual assault on young girls often leads to mortification of self, characterized by acceptance of their situation and socialization to these behaviors in adulthood. A case study of four generations of women show that they often recapitulate the prevailing conduct norms and replicate them in the next generation. Programs are clearly needed to help ameliorate conditions in many such inner-city households, establish healthier behavioral norms, and help young girls grow into more constructive adult lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the role of congregations in civil society by examining the relationship between religious involvement and volunteering. We draw on a survey and interviews with respondents from upstate New York to analyze a set of inter-related questions: how does congregational involvement lead people into volunteering and influence the meaning of volunteer activity? How do church members choose a volunteer site? What role do congregations play in generating civic engagement and social capital? We find no liberal/conservative differences either in the likelihood of volunteering or in choosing between secular and religious volunteer opportunities. Rather, we find that social networks and impressions of organizational identity draw people into volunteering and into particular organizations, and that there is a competition between congregations and other civic groups for members' time. We conclude that congregations foster both "loose" and strong connections to civic life for members at different stages of the life course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between 1909 and 1929, John Cotton Dana directed New Jersey's Newark Museum and pioneered the museum exhibition of mass-produced goods, initiating a trend among American art museums, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Through his work, Dana hoped to reform the museum community, society and industry. He saw his museum's activities as a progressive response to the problems of increased industrialization, an expanding consumer culture and the country's search for a national aesthetic based on the machine. This paper examines Dana's influence by investigating his correspondence, publications and exhibitions, including the first display in America of modern industrial design, the 1912 exhibit of the work of the Deutscher Werkbund. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes voting in five 1982 elections in which women ran as major party candidates for high-level offices: Governor in Vermont and Iowa; and U.S. Senator in Missouri, New York, and New Jersey. Results indicate that the sex of the candidate generally has little impact on voting and that solid women candidates can attract cross-over votes, while weaker ones can lose them. The implications of these results are discussed in the concluding section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a dramatic increase in bias related crimes in the city of New York since 1985. The rise in hate violence has been fueled primarily by the actions of young people under the age of 21. This paper analyzes the relationship between socioeconomic factors, the ethnic and racial attitudes of youth, community sentiment and ideologies, and racial identities which incorporate negative attitudes toward other groups. The paper argues that the deterioration of economic prospects for youth has raised anxiety, fear, and competition among youth. Community sentiment and peer group participation channel these anxieties and fears against other ethnic and racial groups by encouraging an oppositional sense of group position and linking membership in the group to particular attitudes towards other groups. Peer groups provide the arena for the expression of negative attitudes towards other groups in the form of ethnic and racial violence, which the youth see as a defense of turf and neighborhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiology has a rich tradition in western New York State, beginning with the classic study by Austin Flint of a waterbome typhoid fever outbreak in North Boston in 1843. Other important investigations included the study of the Buffalo poliomyelitis epidemic of 1912, by Wade Hampton Frost, which provided a comprehensive characterization of the epidemiology of the disease, and the first case-control study of cigarette smoking and lung cancer, by Morton L. Levin et al., conducted at the Roswell Park Memorial Cancer Institute in the 1940s. Other studies carried out before 1960 arid included in the review deal with additional typhoid fever outbreaks, tuberculosis, breast cancer, and coronary heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we examine the role of strategic investment in the US broadband industry. In particular, we provide evidence that cable incumbents adjust their investment strategy in response to fiber entry threat and that these deterrence strategies have been successful particularly in intermediate sized markets. We compile data on broadband deployment and exogenous franchise agreements for potential fiber entrants at the most local level in New York State. The results indicate that strategic cable investment may negatively affect optical fiber diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the holding of the First International Conference on Gilles de Bins, dit Binchois at the Graduate School of the City University of New York, New York, from october 31 to November 1, 1995. Number of papers presented; Interpretation of a sign used by Binchois.

Information about several papers discussed at the "Pollution, Public Enemy Number 1" meeting held in Oneonta, New York in February 1969 is presented. It was sponsored by the State University of New York and hosted by the Biology Department of State University College. During the event, six papers were presented that tackle the problem of pollution including some corrective measures on the problem.

From 1913 to 1963 the Republicans held continuous sway over the Board of Supervisors in Dutchess County, New York. In the November election of 1963 party control changed. This paper describes an attempt, by means of interviews with both candidates and voters, to discover the forces motivating voters to abandon their traditional voting habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information about events related to sociology and psychology to be held during June-December, 1960. The Sixty-eighth Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association will be held in Chicago during September 1-7, 1960. The American Sociological Association will convene for its fifty-fifth annual meeting at Statler-Hilton Hotel, New York City, during August 29-31, 1960. The Association for Education in Journalism will hold its 1960 convention at Pennsylvania State University during August 29-September 2, 1960. The program will include sessions on media analysis, for which papers have been solicited from researchers in various fields besides journalism. Further information may be obtained from the Program Chairman, Wayne A. Danielson, School of Journalism, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Syracuse University, New York, has announced that the third annual Maxwell Institute on American Overseas Operations would be held at Pinebrook Conference Center, Saranac Lake, New York, during August 14-27, 1960.

The article offers information on various meetings related to biological sciences. It announces that a symposium on the fundamental aspects of the oviduct in animals and man will be held from July 31 to August 4, 1967 at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington, and an international symposium on algae, man and the environment, sponsored by Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York and the New York State Science and Technology Foundation, New York, will be held from June 18 to 30, 1967 in Syracuse. It offers information on the XIV International Ornithological Congress which was held from July 24 to 30, 1966 in Oxford, England. It mentions that the congress included Plenary Sessions in which recent advances in population ecology, physiology and systematics were reviewed.

The article focuses on the response of social settlements to the Great Depression of 1930s. During the depression of the 1930s, only settlements in New York City and Chicago continued the reform activities of the Progressive Era. A social settlement, Chicago Commons, held the first hearing, and many people connected with settlement houses were also deeply involved in the Chicago Workers Committee on Unemployment. Outside New York City and Chicago, virtually no settlement took part in social action to improve economic conditions. The major professional social work organization in the 1930s was the American Association of Social Work. Some of the differences in cities that did and did not have a Community Chest were reflected in attitudes toward various New Deal measures. Until the Social Security Act was passed in August 1935, the New Deal had provided only temporary relief programs, formed in response to the drastic conditions of the depression. The Social Security Act marked a turning point.

The article presents information on the research interview and its measurement. Not only is it the most often used tool in social work practice, the interview is also an essential device in social work research. Information can be gathered by this means when no other method is either adequate or possible, yielding richer qualitative data than many other tools and techniques. However, in spite of its important qualities, the interview as a method for collecting original data in research has one major disadvantage: it fails to provide quantitative data for comparison and measurement of interviews. This paper reports attempts to measure a series of forty-eight recorded interviews together with the methods of question formulation and recording development in an attitude study undertaken by the writer in rehabilitation settings in the New York metropolitan area. The study dealt with two groups of individuals with visible and non-visible physical impairments. The primary purpose of the interviews was to collect data about the subjects' attitudes toward their disability. All forty-eight subjects were male adults of various socioeconomic levels, educational backgrounds, and occupations. Each subject had been interviewed by the same interviewer twice prior to the recorded interview to gather biographical data.

The social and psychological concomitants of cancer are profound and extensive, and a treating physician inevitably needs to grapple with these allied issues. Present medical thinking also holds that it is inadequate to treat a 'disease.' Typically the physician's explanation for restricting his activity to the treatment of disease is that he does not have the time for more than this. It is tacitly assumed thereby that a doctor would have the skillfulness generally to help patients in the broader sense. The authors question this premise and propose that it is rather the other way around. The thinking expressed in this paper is mainly based upon experiences with breast cancer patients attending the tumor clinics of the Bronx Municipal Hospital Center, a New York City general hospital. The authors believe these patients to be representative of the general breast cancer patient population, but this is an inference based upon observation rather than statistical demonstration. Breast cancer patients include women with operable disease as well as patients with advanced inoperable or recurrent postoperative malignancy.

The price of copper is unstable but it is considered an important indicator of the global economy. Changes in the price of copper point to higher global growth or an impending recession. In this work, the forecasting of the spot prices of copper from the New York Commodity Exchange is studied using a machine learning method, support vector regression coupled with different model schemas (recursive, direct and hybrid multi-step). Using these techniques, three different time series analyses are built and its performance are compared. The numerical results show that the hybrid direct-recursive obtains the best results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents from urban communities are at risk for unhealthy snacking behaviors. Youth advocacy interventions are shown to improve certain adolescent health behaviors, such as substance use. However, it remains unclear if youth advocacy is a feasible method to promote healthy snacking. As such, the aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of a youth advocacy program promoting healthy snacking among adolescents in New York City by conducting a mixed-methods process evaluation. Adolescents (12–18 years) at a Boys and Girls Club in New York City were recruited to participate in a 12-session adaptation of the Youth Engagement and Action for Health! program to advocate for the promotion of healthy snacks in corner stores. A mixed-methods process evaluation was conducted to assess recruitment, reach (attendance), dose delivered (amount of intervention delivered), fidelity (degree to which intervention was implemented according to curriculum) and dose received (participant engagement/satisfaction). Satisfaction was also evaluated through focus groups. Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative data, and focus groups were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participant retention (94.74%), attendance (93.52%), dose delivered (98.94%), fidelity (98.5%), engagement (4.97/5) and program satisfaction (4/5) were high. Focus groups (n  = 6; 28 participants) revealed that participants learned about nutrition, enjoyed being advocates and improved snacking behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]