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Using firm-level data, this article analyzes the differentiated effect of research and development on different innovation outputs. Although research activities and development activities are different in many aspects, most empirical studies have treated them as a homogeneous activity, mainly due to the lack of data. Our results show that both activities contribute to the innovation success of a firm, but we also find interesting differences. Particularly, we find that development activities are more important for product innovation and sales from new products. When analyzing industry patterns, we find that the payoffs from development and specifically from research are higher in low-tech industries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of this work is to analyse the heterogeneous effect of Science and Technology Parks (STPs) on firms' innovation outcomes, contingent on firms' size and innovation effort. Despite the worldwide diffusion of STPs and the increasing literature aimed at analysing their effect on tenants' performance, empirical evidence on the heterogeneous effect of STPs' location on different firms is very scarce. We use information for a representative sample of 39,722 Spanish firms, 653 of them located on 22 of the 25 official Spanish STP. Results show, on the one hand, that firm size is negatively related to an STP location effect and, on the other, that only a small amount of internal innovation effort is required to achieve a very high return from park location. However, firms without innovation efforts do not benefit from a park location. Finally, as internal innovation efforts increase, the park effect reduces, but is still at a high level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology institutes (TIs) are non-profit innovation and technology organisations aimed to encourage competitiveness of firms. They are a key organisation in the Spanish National Innovation System because of their size and closeness to the productive sector. Despite this, there is a lack of studies trying to measure their performance and its determinants. This work sheds some light on this. We study the influence of operative, financial, organisational, relational and general variables on three measures of results: self-finance, impact and added value. Our conclusions show the relevance of this approach and are confirmed by grouping TIs according to their service supply characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]