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A prospective study showed no relevance of the number of antiretrovirals used to preserve neurocognitive function in aviremic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive patients, with important implications concerning HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and the use of nucleoside-sparing regimens.Background. The evolution of neurocognitive performance in aviremic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive patients treated with <3 antiretrovirals is unknown.Methods. We prospectively included aviremic (≥1 year) HIV-positive patients, without concomitant major neurocognitive confounders, currently receiving boosted lopinavir or darunavir as monotherapy (n = 67) or triple antiretroviral therapy (ART) (n = 67) for ≥1 year. We evaluated neurocognitive function (7 domains) at baseline and after 1 year. We performed analysis of covariance to evaluate if 1 additional year of exposure to monotherapy compared with triple ART had an effect on Global Deficit Score (GDS) changes after adjustment for potential confounders. We also compared the evolution of neurocognitive performance and impairment rates.Results. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that monotherapy did not influence 1-year GDS change after adjustment for significant confounders (age, ethnicity, duration of therapy, hepatitis C virus status, and HOMA-IR index); the adjusted effect was −0.04 (95% confidence interval, −.14 to .05; P = .38). Neurocognitive stability was observed with monotherapy and triple therapy (GDS crude mean change, −0.09 [95% confidence interval, −.16 to −.01] vs −0.08 [−.14 to −.02]), after 1 year of follow-up, similar proportions of patients changed neurocognitive status from impaired to unimpaired (monotherapy, 4 of 18 [22.2%]; triple therapy, 4 of 19 [21.1%]; P = .91) and vice versa (monotherapy, 5 of 44 [10.2%] and triple therapy, 3 of 45 [6.3%]; P = .48). Similar results were observed in an on-treatment analysis and with use of clinical ratings instead of GDS changes.Conclusions. The number of antiretrovirals included in the ART regimen does not seem to influence the evolution of neurocognitive function in HIV-infected patients with suppressed plasma viremia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article on the diagnosis of the first case of secondary-ebola virus disease (EVD) outside Africa in Spain in the October 6, 2014 issue.

The article focuses on the Psychosocial Protocol and health emergency for diagnosis and controlling ebola virus disease (EVD) in Spain. Topics discussed include need for psychosocial intervention and public health planning, focus of mental health team (MHT) to manage stress symptoms, and conducting telephone interviews everyday with patients under observation.