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Diagnosis of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection relies on detection of viral antigens or amplified viral nucleic acids. Serology, although invaluable for epidemiology, is not routinely needed clinically. However, in some settings, serologic data may have direct clinical utility: for example, in evaluation of persistent symptoms in patients without a prior diagnosis of acute infection. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2 serologic testing is sometimes used or requested in situations in which existing data do not support it, such as determination of need for vaccination. In this study, we describe available methods of serologic testing and provide cases supported by clinical vignettes of where such tests can be helpful, as well as examples where they are not. These examples may help clarify clinical decision making in this rapidly evolving area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Norovirus infection outbreaks (NoVOs) occur frequently in closed populations, such as cruise ship passengers. Environmental contamination is believed to play an important role in NoVO propagation. Methods. Trained health care professionals covertly evaluated the thoroughness of disinfection cleaning (TDC) of 6 standardized objects (toilet seat, flush handle or button, toilet stall inner handhold, stall inner door handle, restroom inner door handle, and baby changing table surfaces) with high potential for fecal contamination in cruise ship public restrooms, by means of a previously validated novel targeting method. Results. Fifty-six cruise ships (~30% of 180 vessels operated by 9 large cruise lines) were evaluated from July 2005 through August 2008. Overall, 37% (range, 4%-100%; 95% confidence interval, 29.2%-45.4%) of 8344 objects in 273 randomly selected public restrooms were cleaned daily. The TDC did not differ by cruise line and did not correlate with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Vessel Sanitation Program inspection scores (r2P = 75 .002; ). More than half the vessels had overall TDC scores <30%, although several of these lowscoring ships had near-perfect CDC sanitation scores. The mean TDC of the 3 ships evaluated within 4 months before a NoVO (10.3%) was substantially less than the mean TDC of the 40 ships that did not experience NoVOs (40.4%) (P < .004). Conclusions. An objective evaluation of public restroom environmental hygiene on 56 cruise ships found that only 37% of selected toilet area objects were cleaned on a daily basis. Low TDC scores may predict subsequent NoVO-prone vessels. Enhanced public restroom cleaning may prevent or moderate NoVOs on cruise ships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In patients with bacteremia, delay in appropriate therapy is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) reduces the time to identification (ID) to approximately 30 minutes. Previously published studies show rapid diagnostics need to be coupled with antibiotic stewardship intervention for maximal benefit. Methods Retrospective, observational review at Cambridge and Everett Hospitals, two inpatient community, teaching hospitals that are part of Cambridge Health Alliance. The purpose is to evaluate the impact of MALDI-TOF by reviewing data in three phases: Microscan ID (January 1 to November 30, 2017), MALDI-TOF alone (December 1, 2017 to December 9, 2018), and MALDI-TOF coupled antimicrobial stewardship (December 10, 2018 to April 30, 2019). The laboratory batches all positive blood cultures to be run via MALDI-TOF mid-morning. In phase 3, a pharmacy resident is notified of the result via an automatic page. The resident determines appropriate empiric therapy using an algorithm developed by the Antimicrobial Stewardship Team and contacts the primary team. Data were collected via a laboratory report and chart review. The primary outcome is time to targeted antimicrobial therapy after ID. Secondary outcomes include time to ID, time to susceptibilities, duration of therapy for blood culture contaminants, and number of pharmacy interventions in phase 3. Results Preliminary data indicate mean time targeted antibiotic therapy was 41:45, 35:58, and 27:39 hours:minutes in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Mean time to ID and final susceptibilities was also reduced in phases 2 and 3. The duration of therapy for blood culture contaminants decreased from 53:50 in phase 1 to 32:48 hours:minutes in phase 2. Pharmacy residents in phase 3 successfully implemented 47 total interventions, 24 (51%) after identification. Conclusion Implementation of MALDI-TOF with and without stewardship intervention successfully decreased time to targeted antibiotic therapy in two community hospitals. Future directions include adding an evening MALDI-TOF run and simplifying pharmacy resident standard operating procedure. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Hand hygiene (HH) is the cornerstone of infection prevention and improved compliance has been associated with reduced healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, traditional methods for HH data collection have limitations and may not accurately reflect true compliance. We sought to evaluate whether an electronic hand hygiene monitoring system (HHMS) can improve data collection, compliance, and reduce HAIs. Methods A HHMS was implemented as part of a pilot at a single facility in June 2018 for all healthcare workers (HCWs) who entered patient rooms. The system prompted HCWs to perform HH with an audible and visual reminder emitted from a badge if a HH event had not been registered within specific timeframes of entering or exiting a patient room. The system captured compliance with preferential handwashing (soap and water) for at least 15 seconds upon exit of Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) designated rooms. All HH data were collected by the HHMS. Hand hygiene compliance and HAI data were compared for the pre-intervention (June 2017-May 2018) and intervention periods (July 2018-March 2019). No changes were made to environmental cleaning protocols or compliance monitoring, nor in antibiotic stewardship practices. Results HH compliance by direct observation in the pre-intervention period was 91% (1,612 observations). HH compliance with the HHMS during the intervention period was 97% (2,778,402 observations). The mean monthly HH opportunities recorded during the pre-intervention period was 134, while the HHMS captured 308,711, a greater than 2,300-fold increase. The incidence of healthcare facility-onset C. difficile infections (HO-CDI) pre-intervention was 9.60 per 10,000 patient-days (41 GDH+/Toxin+ laboratory-identified [labID] events/42,726 patient-days). With the HHMS, HO-CDI decreased 70% (P = 0.0003) to 2.89 per 10,000 patient-days (9 labID events/31,169 patient-days). No policy changes in environmental cleaning of high-touch surfaces were made or observed during the pilot. Conclusion The use of an HHMS facilitated more comprehensive HH data and improved compliance. The preliminary findings also support an association between more robust HH compliance data and a significant decrease in toxin-producing CDI. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous organism that infrequently causes serious infections. We report a patient with B. cereus endocarditis involving a mechanical aortic valve. Data for 10 cases of B. cereus endocarditis reported in the literature are summarized, B. cereus is resistant to many commonly used antibiotics, a finding that has clinical significance for empirical antibiotic selection in patients with suspected endocarditis. Infection in patients with valvular heart disease in the few cases reported is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]