1. Effect of a Hepatitis A Vaccination Campaign During a Hepatitis A Outbreak in Taiwan, 2015–2017: A Modeling Study.
- Author
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Lin, Kuan-Yin, Sun, Hsin-Yun, Chen, Yi-Hsuan, Lo, Yi-Chun, Hsieh, Szu-Min, Sheng, Wang-Huei, Chuang, Yu-Chung, Pan, Sung-Ching, Cheng, Aristine, Hung, Chien-Ching, Fang, Chi-Tai, and Chang, Shan-Chwen
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PREVENTION of epidemics , *HEPATITIS A transmission , *PREVENTION of infectious disease transmission , *HEPATITIS A , *HEPATITIS A vaccines , *HIV-positive persons , *IMMUNIZATION , *EVALUATION of medical care , *MEDICAL protocols , *CASE-control method , *ACUTE diseases , *MEN who have sex with men , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Background Beginning from 2015–2016, unprecedented large outbreaks of acute hepatitis A that predominantly affected men who have sex with men (MSM) reemerged across the continents. We assessed the impact of an early initiated hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccination campaign that targeted MSM living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during the 2015–2017 hepatitis A outbreak in Taiwan. Methods First, we ascertained the effectiveness of HAV vaccination for MSM living with HIV using a nested case-control study of 1470 persons living with HIV who were initially HAV-seronegative. We then fitted a model of HAV transmission among MSM, risk-structured by HIV status, to the actual epidemic curve of reported acute hepatitis A cases in Taiwan during 2015–2017. Results Fifty-five cases of acute hepatitis A were matched to 220 controls. Single-dose and 2-dose HAV vaccination provided protection rates of 96.1% and 97.8% among recipient MSM living with HIV, respectively. Model fitting yielded basic reproductive number estimates of 7.26 (MSM living with HIV) and 3.04 (MSM not living with HIV). In a counterfactual scenario without an HAV vaccination campaign, the outbreak would have involved 7153 hepatitis A cases during 2015–2017 in contrast to the 1352 that were observed. We therefore estimated that the HAV vaccination campaign averted 80.7% (sensitivity analysis, 48.8%–92.7%) of acute hepatitis A cases that would otherwise have occurred by the end of 2017. Conclusions The early initiated HAV vaccination campaign, which targeted MSM living with HIV, very effectively curtailed the 2015–2017 hepatitis A outbreak in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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