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Bilateral visual impairment includes participants with visual impairment in one eye and visual impairment/blindness in the other eye. e Presence of any existing cataract or any history of cataract surgery in either eye (Modified Wisconsin Cataract Grading System). f Among diabetic individuals. g VTDR, vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Bilateral visual impairment includes participants with visual impairment in one eye and visual impairment/blindness in the other eye. d Based on the WHO definition, visual impairment was defined as VA<20/60 to 20/400. The overall age-adjusted BCVA prevalence of bilateral blindness (VA< 20/200, based on the better-seeing eye) and VI (VA< 20/40 to 20/200, based on the better-seeing eye) was 0.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.4] and 4.2% (95% CI 3.8- 4.5), respectively. Globally, blindness and visual impairment (VI) are estimated to affect 36 million and 400 million people, respectively. [Extracted from the article]

The Dongguashan skarn copper deposit can be considered as the product of the transport‐chemical reaction coupling process of ore‐forming materials (for example, complexes of copper) in discrete, parallel fractures in a porous medium system. A mathematical model of metallogenesis has been established and the accurate analytical solutions for depicting the transport of ore‐forming materials have been worked out. In establishing the model of metallogenesis and working out the analytical solutions, the following aspects have been taken into consideration: (1) advective transport along fractures; (2) diffusion and longitudinal mechanical dispersion of ore‐forming materials (solutes) along the fracture axis; (3) diffusion of ore‐forming materials from the fractures to the wall media; (4) adsorption of ore‐forming materials on the surface of wall‐rock matrices; (5) adsorption of ore‐forming materials within the wall‐rock matrices; (6) reduction of the concentrations of solutes due to the chemical reactions between ore fluids and wall‐rock matrices and the precipitation of ore‐forming materials. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]