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A 35-year-old man with Fitzpatrick skin type IV, born in Brazil, presented to the dermatology clinic with a growth on his left hip. The physical examination revealed a pedunculated erythematous–violaceous nodule with a hyperkeratotic surface. Histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a low-grade angioproliferative tumor associated with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). The patient was found to be HIV-positive and underwent treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which resulted in a positive response and no disease relapse after one year. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the clinical and histological features of KS and the role of HHV-8 in its pathogenesis. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the case of a 44-year-old man who presented with recurrent crops of tender subcutaneous nodules. The patient had a history of fever, night sweats, weight loss, and other symptoms. After examination and testing, the diagnosis was determined to be erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) complicating borderline lepromatous leprosy. The article provides information on leprosy, its classification, and the treatment options for ENL. The authors emphasize the importance of raising awareness about leprosy to avoid misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a case of generalized hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules and papules in a 49-year-old woman. The patient had these skin lesions since her twenties and mentioned that her family members also had similar lesions. The physical examination revealed oval hyperpigmented macules and papules, some with a hyperkeratotic surface, along with hypopigmented macules. Histopathological examination showed characteristic features of Dowling-Degos disease (DDD), a rare genodermatosis. The article provides information on the clinical presentation, histological findings, genetic analysis, and differential diagnosis of DDD. Treatment options for DDD are also discussed. [Extracted from the article]

Https://doi.org/10.1093/ced/llad113 Dear Editor, We present the case of a patient who developed alopecia areata (AA) 2 months after starting treatment with inclisiran. Alopecia areata as another immune-mediated disease developed in patients treated with tumour necrosis factor- blocker agents. The patient denied a personal or family history of atopy, AA or autoimmune diseases, as well as recent infections, new medication, travel or major life stressors. [Extracted from the article]

Https://doi.org/10.1093/ced/llad056 Dear Editor, Xanthogranuloma (XG) is the most common form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis.[[1], [3]] Multiple adult XG (MAXG) is unusual, with an occasional association with haematological malignancies.[4],[5] We herein report the case of a patient with MAXG as the first manifestation of chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML). Our differential diagnosis included xanthelasma and eruptive xanthomas or a histiocytosis. The development of the cutaneous lesions may take place before, during or after the haematological malignancy.[5] The haematological malignancies associated with XGs include follicular lymphoma, essential thrombocytosis, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, large B-cell lymphoma, adult T-cell lymphoma/leukaemia, monoclonal gammopathy and myelodysplastic syndrome.[2],[4],[5] The exact pathogenesis that would justify the association of haematological malignancy and XG remains to be elucidated. [Extracted from the article]

In addition, all studies demonstrating clinical benefit of these drugs in patients with COVID-19 patients were conducted in unvaccinated individuals and most in unimmunized individuals with no previous infection. Cutaneous adverse reactions to the new oral antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Currently, there are two oral antivirals directed to SARS-CoV-2: molnupiravir (Lagevrio SP ® sp ), which induces an antiviral effect via viral error catastrophe, and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (Paxlovid™) (nirmatrelvir inhibits an enzyme needed for coronavirus replication and ritonavir decreases metabolism of nirmatrelvir, maintaining its antiviral activity at higher levels). [Extracted from the article]

Human immunodeficiency virus infection may be a contributing factor to monkeypox infection: analysis of a 42-case series. Clinical and epidemiological features of hospitalized and ambulatory patients with human monkeypox infection: a retrospective observational study in Portugal. Skin and mucosal lesions are the clinical hallmark of human mpox.[2] One of the largest mpox patient databases shows that 85% of patients presented a total of 20 lesions or fewer; 39% of patients presented with fewer than five lesions and up to 11% of patients with a single ulcer.[3] This claim is supported throughout the literature, with other mpox case series reporting up to 96% of patients with 20 or fewer skin lesions,[4] and up to 14.6% patients with a single ulcer.[5] Thus, even a patient presenting with a solitary skin lesion with mpox characteristics should be tested accordingly, to ensure optimal detection. [Extracted from the article]

According to some authors, the phototoxic response to ultraviolet A (UVA) of patients treated with vemurafenib (VB) may involve VB metabolites. However, the production of singlet oxygen and free radicals and photoproduct formation upon UVA light absorption by the lipophilic VB have been demonstrated. This work is aimed at determining the contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid photoperoxidation, and VB photochemistry in the UVA-induced photocytotoxicity in NCTC 2544 keratinocytes. The potent membrane lipid peroxidation effectiveness of VB-photosensitization has been proved by the observation of an effective photohemolysis accompanied by thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) formation in 2% red blood cell (RBC) suspensions. Photohemolysis is inhibited by human serum albumin (HSA) that binds VB and by the antioxidants 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and Trolox. These data on RBC suggest that VB is readily incorporated in cell membranes and provide clues for understanding the UVA-induced VB-photosensitization of keratinocytes. In keratinocytes, ROS and TBARS formation with 10 mM VB is inhibited by approximately 40% and 50% by 30 mM Trolox and 50 mM vitamin E, respectively, but the light dose-dependent cell survival is unaffected. Whereas cell photokilling depends on the VB concentration, much smaller changes in the lethal doses (LD) than theoretically expected are observed for 25% or 50% cell photokilling when changing absorbed UVA doses and irradiation wavelengths. The lack of antioxidant effect on cell survival and the unexpectedly small LD dependence on absorbed UVA light doses and on irradiation wavelengths strongly suggest that, instead of metabolites, membrane photosensitization and photoproduct formation contribute to the cell photocytotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]