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Dermatomyositis ( DM) and polymyositis ( PM) are collectively termed autoimmune myopathy. To investigate the difference between muscle- and skin-infiltrating T cells and to address their role for myopathy, we characterized T cells that were directly expanded from the tissues. Enrolled into this study were 25 patients with DM and three patients with PM. Muscle and skin biopsied specimens were immersed in c RPMI medium supplemented with interleukin ( IL)-2 and anti- CD3/ CD28 antibody-conjugated microbeads. The expanded cells were subjected to flow cytometry to examine their phenotypes. We analysed the cytokine concentration in the culture supernatants from the expanded T cells and the frequencies of cytokine-bearing cells by intracellular staining. There was non-biased in-vitro expansion of tissue-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from the muscle and skin specimens. The majority of expanded T cells were chemokine receptor ( CCR) type 7- CD45 RO+ effecter memory cells with various T cell receptor ( TCR) Vβs. The skin-derived but not muscle-derived T cells expressed cutaneous lymphocyte antigen ( CLA) and CCR10 and secreted large amounts of IL-17 A, suggesting that T helper type 17 ( Th17) cells may have a crucial role in the development of skin lesions. Notably, the frequency of IL-4-producing chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CX CR)4+ Th2 cells was significantly higher in the muscle-derived cells and correlated inversely with the serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) levels. stromal-derived factor (SDF)-1/ CXCL12, a ligand for CXCR4, was expressed at a high level in the vascular endothelial cells between muscular fasciculi. Our study suggests that T cell populations in the muscle and skin are different, and the Th2 cell infiltrate in the muscle is associated with the low severity of myositis in DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on pustular psoriasis-like lesions linked to hereditary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) M subunit deficiency without interleukin-36 receptor antagonist mutation. LDH is a major enzyme engaged in the catalysis of the interconversion of pyruvate and lactate in the final step of anaerobic glycolysis, and can be found in almost all cells.

The main components of dermoscopic structures of melanocytic lesions, including naevocellular naevus and melanoma, are (i) pigment network, (ii) dots and globules, and (iii) streaks. Magnified dermoscopic image of regular network, two-dimensional (2D) vertical view image, reconstructed 2D top-down view image and 3D aerial view image are shown in Naevus 1 (reticular naevus, upper limb, 25-year-old man); Naevus 2 (reticular naevus, upper limb, 25-year-old man); and Naevus 3 (globular Naevus, abdomen, 24-year-old woman). Next, the diameter of the network was evaluated to confirm that the dermoscopic network corresponds with the network of rete ridges. [Extracted from the article]

A case study of 54-year-old Japanese woman presented with history of a pruritic, erythrodermic eruption with eosinophilia. Clinical examination showed that she had pigmented erythroderma with lymphoadenopathy on her groins. Patient was treated with systemic antibiotics and showed a higher serum level of interlukin (IL) 22