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Objectives To determine (1) the incidence rate of lower extremity (LE) bone stress injuries (BSIs) in United States Air Force Special Warfare (AFSPECWAR) trainees during the first 120 days of training, and (2) factors associated with sustaining a LE BSI. Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods AFSPECWAR Airmen (n  = 2,290, mean age = 23.7 ± 3.6 years) entering an intensive 8-week preparatory course "SW-Prep" between October 2017 and May 2021. We compared anthropometric measurements, previous musculoskeletal injury (MSKI), fitness measures, and prior high-impact sports participation in those that did and did not suffer a BSI during the 120-day observation period using independent t -tests and chi-square tests. A multivariable binary logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with suffering a BSI. Results A total of 124 AFSPECWAR trainees suffered a BSI during the surveillance period, yielding an incidence proportion of 5.41% and an incidence rate of 1.4 BSIs per 100 person-months. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that lower 2-minute sit-up scores, no prior history of participation in a high-impact high-school sport, and a history of prior LE MSKI were associated with suffering a BSI. A receiver operator characteristic curve analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.727. Conclusion BSI incidence proportion for our sample was similar to those seen in other military settings. Military trainees without a history of high-impact sports participation who achieve lower scores on sit-ups tests and have a history of LE MSKI have a higher risk for developing a LE BSI during the first 120 days of AFSPECWAR training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organized sport in the Weimar Republic was dominated by three strands—so-called bourgeois sport, the gymnastics movement (Turnen) and the workers' sports movement (Arbeitersport). While scholarship has rightly pointed out the differences between their federations, it has neglected a significant feature they had in common: the struggle to communicate key messages to their members. For the first time, this article examines debates about and developments in the communications of Weimar's leading sports organizations. It shows that through the 1920s producing journals, running news services and lobbying the press became as important as competing in or watching sport itself, as the organizations sought to raise their profile, gain new members and retain the members they already had. Each of them, while envying the others, failed to meet its goals for similar reasons: inadequate internal structures, poor decision-making and the allure of commercialized sport and the papers and magazines it fed and produced. While scholarship has often noted the high level of sports coverage in the mainstream press, it has not explored the dynamic pull of such reporting on readers. By examining the effects of the professional media on the active members of the three main federations, this article therefore also sheds light on the power of new forms of writing and entertainment to influence individuals as the shift to consumer habits increased in all social classes throughout the Weimar Republic. In doing so, it bridges between empirically orientated forms of sports history and cultural histories of the press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reinhart Koselleck, a German historian, is highly regarded for his work on historical times and experiences of time. He aimed to create a comprehensive theory of historical knowledge that would outline the conditions for possible histories, but was unable to complete this ambitious project. Koselleck's association with Carl Schmitt and his reputation as a conservative historian initially hindered his recognition, but his work gained popularity with the rise of cultural history. This study by Hoffmann provides an introduction to Koselleck's life and works, highlighting his contributions to the field of history. [Extracted from the article]

Barton could also have contrasted the fate of the internees with those of the thousands of deserters and escaped prisoners of war who fled to Switzerland. Barton also discusses the marriages of internees with fiancés who visited, or with compatriots in Switzerland, or even with Swiss girls. Above all it was this presence of family members that made internment in Switzerland 'a completely different experience from the homosocial closed communities of the prisoner-of-war-camps' (p. 194). [Extracted from the article]

The participation of NHL players in the Olympics from 1998 through 2014 further expanded the sport's visibility and the NHL's value. When most people think of globalization and sport, the world's most popular game, soccer/football, or second-most widely-played sport, basketball, come to mind for their global reach in recent decades. The entrance of the Soviet Union into international ice hockey (as in other sports) after the Second World War "transformed the ways the sport was played, analyzed, and taught" - and ultimately "infused hockey with politics" (83). [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: To evaluate whether earlier age of first exposure (AFE) to contact sports is associated with worse long-term brain health outcomes in a cohort of community-dwelling older men. Methods: Older men with prior history of contact sport participation completed a survey assessing brain health outcomes in various areas, including well-validated measures of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), cognitive difficulties (bc-CCI), and neurobehavioral symptoms (NSI). Endorsements of general health problems (e.g., sleep, pain, headaches), motor symptoms (dysarthria, balance, falls, tremor), and psychiatric history were also collected. The cohort was dichotomized by AFE (< 12 years vs. ≥12 years). AFE groups were compared using t-tests, chi-squared tests, and multivariable linear regressions. Regression covariates included age, number of prior concussions, and total years of contact sport. Results: Of 69 men aged 70.5 ± 8.0 years, approximately one-third of the sample (34.8%) reported exposure to contact sports before the age of 12. That group had more years of contact sports (10.8 ± 9.2 years) compared to those with AFE ≥12 years (5.6 ± 4.5 years; p = 0.02). No differences were found after univariate testing between the AFE groups on all brain health outcomes, including psychiatric, cognitive, and neurobehavioral symptoms (p-values >0.05). Multivariable linear models showed that AFE was not a predictor of depression (PHQ-9) or anxiety (GAD-7). Those in the AFE < 12 group had fewer cognitive difficulties on the bc-CCI (β = 0.29, p = 0.03) and fewer neurobehavioral symptoms on the NSI (β = 0.29, p = 0.03). Conclusions: In a cohort of community-dwelling older men, those with AFE < 12 to contact sports did not have worse long-term brain health outcomes compared to those with AFE ≥12. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses teaching the U.S.'s foreign relations during the Cold War, with a particular focus on sports during this period. An overview of the teaching of race relations and international U.S. sports, including the professional boxer Muhammad Ali's (or Cassius Clay's) participation in the 1960 Rome, Italy Olympic Games, is provided. U.S.'s relations with the Soviet Union are discussed.

The article discusses the study of boxing history as an academic discipline. The author examines the recognition of boxing upon the political, cultural, and social aspects of American life, academic studies concerning several professional boxers such as Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis, and Muhammad Ali, and the significance of race and boxing.

The article reviews an essay by scholar Amy Bass on the subject of sports history as an academic field and respect for sports history in the academic world.

The article discusses the state of the academic field of sports history. The author examines the contributions sports history has made to history, developments in methodology that have impacted sports history, and the cultural significance of sports and sports history in the U.S., particularly concerning concepts of labor, capitalism, and class, religion, and race. The article also discusses the role of journalists in sports history, academic professionalism, and the cultural approach to sports history.

The article examines the relationship between sports history and ethics and the significance of the life and career of former professional baseball player Roberto Clemente in cultural history and meaning. The author also discusses issues raised in an essay concerning sports history by scholar Amy Bass, the cultural importance of sports to communities, and the organization the North American Society for Sport History (NASSH).

This article argues that the early modern period in Europe from c. 1450 to 1850 should be not seen merely as an independent era in the history of sport but rather as the formative period of modern sports. This is due to the high levels of institutionalization and standardization sports underwent in Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and England among other countries. In arguing this point, the article examines a number of topical examples: the codification of sports in rule books; the role of sports in educational programmes and humanist schools; sports architecture such as ball houses and pall malls; sporting goods such as palloni and racchette and their pan-European trade; the sports enthusiasm of early modern princes; the professionalization of sports through coaches, referees, professional athletes, competitions and prizes, and the beginnings of sports reporting; and pre-Coubertinian attempts at reviving the classical Olympic Games such as the Cotswold Games of Robert Dover from the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an analysis of soccer clubs among Soviet working men both to go beyond the cultural turn and back to the issues of class. Attitudes of club members and its supporters; Identities established by the working people; Social difference between the organizations Spartak and Dinamo.

Examines the games, structures and agency in the history of American sports. Arguments in the historiography of sports in interpreting social reform; Concept of play movement; Role of sports in deterring delinquency.

The article discusses the state of the academic field of sports history. The author discusses an essay written by scholar Amy Bass concerning on the field, his perspectives on sports history and the influence of the professional sports scene in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, during the 1970s shaped his view of sports history and sports as an academic field, and the potential problems of fragmentation within the field of sports history. The article also examines cultural aspects in sports history.

The article reviews the article "State of the Field: Sports History and the 'Cultural Term'" by scholar Amy Bass, published in the June 2014 edition of the periodical "Journal of American History."

The article reviews the article "State of the Field: Sports History and the 'Cultural Turn,'" published in the June 2014 edition of the periodical the "Journal of American History."

The author responds to several critiques by scholars such as Rob Ruck, Randy Roberts, and Daniel A. Nathan of an essay she wrote in the journal concerning the academic field of sports history. She discusses the role of sports historians, the appropriate training of sports historians, and debate about the importance of sports in culture. The author also discusses themes in her academic work such as identity, memory, and culture.

Objective To compare state anxiety between concussed athletes with and without a history of sport related concussion (SRC). Method This study utilized a cross-sectional design. The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was administered to athletes within 72 hours of SRC diagnosis. The STAI is a subjective, 40-item inventory that assesses state and trait anxiety; however, this study only examined the state anxiety component. Participants reported how they were feeling at the moment of testing on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (very much so). State anxiety scores range from 20–80, with higher scores indicating higher levels of state anxiety. An independent samples t-test was used to compare state anxiety between concussed athletes with and without a history of SRC. Statistical significance was set at p < .05. Results A total of 104 (18.12 ± 2.5 years; male = 65, female = 39) high school (n = 36) and collegiate (n = 68) athletes completed the STAI within 72 hours of SRC. Fifty-nine (56.7%) concussed athletes had no history of SRC and 45 (43.3%) athletes had a history of one or more SRCs. There was no significant difference in state anxiety between concussed athletes with (37.64 ± 9.22) and without (38.47 ± 9.44) a history of SRC (p = .65). Conclusions This study suggests that concussion history does not affect state anxiety after SRC. However, clinicians should continue to assess emotional changes after SRC in order to best manage and treat SRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "State of the Field: Sports History and the ‘Cultural Turn,’” by Amy Bass, which appeared within the June 2014 issue.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the articles "State of the Field: Sports History and the ‘Cultural Turn,’” by Amy Bass and "Turn, Turn, Turn: There Is a Reason [for Sports History]," by Susan K. Cahn from the June 2014 issue.

A letter to the editor is presented which responds to the letter to the editor within the issue by Northeastern Illinois University Chicago, Illinois Emeritus Professor Steven A. Riess and several articles within the June 2014 issue, including "Wait until Next Year: Sports History and the Quest for Respect,” by Adrian Burgos Jr., "The Field of Sports History at Critical Mass,” by Rob Ruck and "The Last Word on the State of Sports History.”