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Because of the heterogeneous nature of prostate cancer, identifying the molecular mechanisms involved during the transition from an androgen-sensitive to an androgen-independent phenotype is very complex. An LNCaP cell model that recapitulates prostate cancer progression, comprising early passage androgen-sensitive (LNCaP-C33) and late passage androgen-independent (LNCaP-C81) phenotypes, would help to provide a better understanding of such molecular events. In this study, we examined the genes expressed by LNCaP-C33 and LNCaP-C81 cells using cDNA microarrays containing 1176 known genes. This analysis demonstrated that 34 genes are up-regulated and eight genes are down-regulated in androgen-independent cells. Northern blot analysis confirmed the differences identified by microarrays on several candidate genes, including c-MYC, c-MYC purine-binding transcription factor (PuF), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A), guanine nucleotide-binding protein Gi, α-1 subunit (NBP), cyclin dependent kinase-2 (CDK-2), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM), cyclin H (CCNH), 60S ribosomal protein L10 (RPL10), 60S ribosomal protein L32 (RPL32), and 40S ribosomal protein S16 (RPS16). These differentially-regulated genes are correlated with progression of human prostate cancer and may be of therapeutic relevance as well as an aid in understanding the molecular genetic events involved in the development of this disease's hormone-refractory behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Focuses on a study examined the chill-coma recovery time among Drosophila species. Methodology; Recovery time as a function of treatment duration; Comparison of tropical and temperate species.

Presents a study which examined the genetic architecture of plasticity of thorax and wing length in response to temperature in Drosophila melanogaster. Methodology; Results; Discussion.

Studies the desiccation and starvation tolerance along latitudinal transects in three species of Drosophila, of the Indian subcontinent. Information on the three species investigated; Relation between desiccation tolerance and latitude, and starvation tolerance and latitude; Importance of tolerance to environmental extreme conditions; What desiccation and starvation tolerance are supposed to be related to; In-depth look at the study.