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This article discusses the aesthetic concept of boringness, of which there has been relatively little philosophical discussion, especially along its objective, nonpsychological dimensions. I begin by confronting skepticism about the validity of judgments about boringness and rebut suggestions to the effect that these judgments are inevitably compromised by mistakes or vices of the audience. The article then develops an account focused on certain kinds of reasonable expectations we form in a given aesthetic context. I go on to confront the question of whether boringness is inevitable given the internal imperatives of works of art and illustrate the discussion with Richard Wagner's Ring cycle. Although I focus on art, I conclude by drawing some connections with the boring in everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the philosophy and moral reasons of the interests between present people and the future people. The decisions related to consuming scarce resources and answers to some assumptions are explored. The analogy on the issue of delaying aid intended to prevent suffering is explained and not vindicated.