Search

Using 5 diet quality indexes, we estimated the mortality and life expectancy lost, at the national level, attributable to poor dietary patterns, which had previously been largely unknown. We used the Canadian Community Health Survey 2004, linked to vital statistics (n  = 16,212 adults; representing n  = 22,898,880). After a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 1,722 deaths were recorded. Population attributable fractions were calculated to estimate the mortality burden of poor dietary patterns (Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index 2015, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, Healthy Eating Index, Alternative Healthy Eating Index, and Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern Score). Better diet quality was associated with a 32%–51% and 21%–43% reduction in all-cause mortality among adults aged 45–80 years and ≥20 years, respectively. Projected life expectancy at 45 years was longer for Canadians adhering to a healthy dietary pattern (average of 5.2–8.0 years (men) and 1.6–4.1 (women)). At the population level, 26.5%–38.9% (men) and 8.9%–22.9% (women) of deaths were attributable to poor dietary patterns. Survival benefit was greater for individuals with higher scores on all diet indexes, even with relatively small intake differences. The large attributable burden was likely from assessing overall dietary patterns instead of a limited range of foods and nutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To estimate the risk of work loss due to illness or disability in a cohort of employed persons with OA compared with matched non-OA individuals. Methods. We performed a population-based cohort analysis using the last six cycles of the Canadian longitudinal National Population Health Survey from 2000 to 2010. OA cases and up to four age- and sex-matched non-OA individuals were selected. Discrete time hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard of work loss due to illness or disability. To analyse the effect of a self-reported OA measure on the outcome, we performed a sensitivity analyses for case selection. Results. From 7273 employed individuals between the ages of 20 and 70 years in the National Population Health Survey, 659 OA cases were selected and matched to 2144 non-OA individuals. The proportion of OA cases who experienced work loss due to illness or disability during the follow-up period was 12.6%, compared with 9.3% for non-OA individuals (P < 0.001). OA cases had a 90% [hazard ratio (HR) 1.90 (95% CI 1.36, 3.23)] higher hazard of work loss due to illness or disability compared with their matched non-OA individuals after adjusting for sociodemographic, health and work-related status. The adjusted HRs were 1.61 (95% CI 1.13, 2.30) and 2.04 (95% CI 1.74, 4.75) for females and males, respectively. Conclusion. OA is independently associated with an increased risk of work loss due to illness or disability. Given the high prevalence of OA in the population of working age, future research may wish to investigate ways to improve occupational participation among OA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]