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Melanconis -like fungi are distributed in several families of Diaporthales, mainly Juglanconidaceae, Melanconidaceae, Melanconiellaceae and Pseudomelanconidaceae. A new Melanconis -like genus of Pseudomelanconidaceae was discovered on branches of Chinese chestnut ( Castanea mollissima ) in southern China, which was confirmed by both morphology and phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, tef1a and rpb2 sequences. The new genus Micromelanconis is characterized by two types of conidia from natural substrate and manual media of PDA, respectively. Conidia from Chinese chestnut branches are pale brown, ellipsoid, multiguttulate, aseptate with hyaline sheath. While conidia from PDA plates are pale brown, long dumbbell-shaped, narrow at the middle and wide at both ends, multiguttulate, aseptate, and also with hyaline sheath. All Pseudomelanconidaceae species were only reported on tree branches in China until now. More interesting taxa may be discovered if detailed surveys on tree-inhabiting fungi are carried out in East Asia in the future., (Ning Jiang, Qin Yang, Xin-Lei Fan, Cheng-Ming Tian.)

Chinese chestnut ( Castanea mollissima ) is an important crop tree species in China. In the present study, Cytospora specimens were collected from Chinese chestnut trees and identified using molecular data of combined ITS, LSU, ACT and RPB2 loci, as well as morphological features. As a result, two new Cytospora species and four new host records were confirmed, viz. C. kuanchengensis sp. nov. , C. xinglongensis sp. nov. , C. ceratospermopsis , C. leucostoma , C. myrtagena and C. schulzeri ., (Ning Jiang, Qin Yang, Xin-Lei Fan, Cheng-Ming Tian.)

New information on the genus Psychostrophia Butler, 1877 is provided. A new species, Psychostrophia micronymphidiaria Huang & Wang, sp. nov. , is described from western, northern and northwestern Yunnan Province, southwestern China; it is similar to P. nymphidiaria (Oberthür, 1893) which is widely distributed in eastern, southern, western and central China. A new synonym is established: Psychostrophia nymphidiaria (Oberthür, 1893) (= Stiboges lushanica Chou & Yuan, 2001, syn. nov. ). Some other taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the genus are presented. A key to the species of the genus Psychostrophia is provided., (Si-yao Huang, Min Wang, Xiao-ling Fan.)

The epicopeiid moth genus Schistomitra Butler, 1881 is reported outside Japan for the first time, with a new species, Schistomitra joelmineti Huang & Wang, sp. nov. , described from the southern part of Shaanxi and Gansu Province in China. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided, and the distribution pattern of the genus is discussed., (Si-Yao Huang, Yuan Zhang, Min Wang, Xiao-Ling Fan.)

Dendrostoma was recently proposed in Erythrogloeaceae (Diaporthales, Sordariomycetes), with all known members recorded as being plant pathogenic on economically important tree hosts. During our collections of Dendrostoma species in China, mild to severe canker symptoms were observed on sweet chestnut ( Castaneamollissima ) and oak ( Quercus spp.) trees. Dead and dying plant tissues exhibiting Dendrostoma canker symptoms were sampled for fungal isolation. A total of 37 Dendrostoma isolates were obtained and analysed using morphological characteristics and molecular data (ITS, LSU, RPB2 , TEF1-α ). Based on these data, 10 novel clades could be distinguished, which also proved to represent morphologically distinct species described here as Dendrostomaaurorae , D.castaneae , D.castaneicola , D.chinense , D.dispersum , D. parasiticum , D.qinlingense , D.quercus , D.shaanxiense and D.shandongense spp. nov. A key to species of the genus is also provided.

Some new discoveries of the family Epicopeiidae Swinhoe, 1892 from China are reported. A new species, Mimaporiaowadai Huang & Wang, sp. n. is described from W. Sichuan. Burmeia Minet, 2003 and Psychostrophiaendoi Inoue, 1992 are reported as new to China, with the female genitalia of the former described for the first time. The females of Psychostrophiaendoi Inoue, 1992 and Deuveiabanghaasi Hering, 1932 are reported for the first time. Adults and genitalia of all species aforementioned are illustrated.

Diaporthe species have often been reported as important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Although several Diaporthe species have been recorded in China, little is known about species able to infect forest trees. Therefore, extensive surveys were recently conducted in Beijing, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi and Zhejiang Provinces. The current results emphasised on 15 species from 42 representative isolates involving 16 host genera using comparisons of DNA sequence data for the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS), calmodulin ( cal ), histone H3 ( his3 ), partial translation elongation factor-1α ( tef1 ) and β-tubulin ( tub2 ) gene regions, as well as their morphological features. Three known species, D.biguttulata , D.eres and D.unshiuensis , were identified. In addition, twelve novel taxa were collected and are described as D.acerigena , D.alangii , D.betulina , D.caryae , D.cercidis , D.chensiensis , D.cinnamomi , D.conica , D.fraxinicola , D.kadsurae , D.padina and D.ukurunduensis . The current study improves the understanding of species causing diebacks on ecological and economic forest trees and provides useful information for the effective disease management of these hosts in China.

A molecular phylogeny of the genus Scobura based on the mitochondrial COI and the nuclear EF-1α genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference is proposed. The analyses include 19 specimens from nine ingroup species. The monophyly of Scobura is not strongly supported, but two strongly supported monophyletic groups within the genus are recognized: the Scobura coniata group and the Scobura woolletti group. Judging from combination of the molecular evidence and morphological features, the former consists of six species, including Scobura masutaroi , while four species belong to the latter. Scobura mouchai Krajcik, 2013 is confirmed to be a syn. n. of Scobura masutaroi Sugiyama, 1996. The key to the species of the genus Scobura is modified to reflect these results.

The genus Pseudomegischus van Achterberg, 2002, is newly reported from China. A new species, Pseudomegischus notiochinensis sp. n., is described and illustrated from southern China. A key to the species of Pseudomegischus is included.