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Ophiocordyceps contains the largest number of Cordyceps sensu lato , various species of which are of great medicinal value. In this study, a new entomopathogenic fungus, Ophiocordycepsnujiangensis , from Yunnan in southwestern China, was described using morphological, phylogenetic, and mitogenomic evidence, and its fungal community composition was identified. It was morphologically characterized by a solitary, woody, and dark brown stromata, smooth-walled and septate hyphae, solitary and gradually tapering conidiogenous cells with plenty of warty protrusions, and oval or fusiform conidia (6.4-11.2 × 3.7-6.4 µm) with mucinous sheath. The phylogenetic location of O.nujiangensis was determined based on the Bayesian inference (BI) and the maximum likelihood (ML) analyses by concatenating nrSSU, nrLSU, tef-1a , rpb1 , and rpb2 datasets, and ten mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs) datasets ( atp6 , atp9 , cob , cox2 , nad1 , nad2 , nad3 , nad4 , nad4L , and nad5 ). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that O.nujiangensis belonged to the Hirsutellasinensis subclade within the Hirsutella clade of Ophiocordyceps . And O.nujiangensis was phylogenetically clustered with O.karstii , O.liangshanensis , and O.sinensis . Simultaneously, five fungal phyla and 151 fungal genera were recognized in the analysis of the fungal community of O.nujiangensis . The fungal community composition differed from that of O.sinensis , and differences in the microbial community composition of closely related species might be appropriate as further evidence for taxonomy., (Tao Sun, Weiqiu Zou, Quanying Dong, Ou Huang, Dexiang Tang, Hong Yu.)

Ophiocordyceps species have a wide range of insect hosts, from solitary beetle larva to social insects. However, among the species of Ophiocordyceps , only a few attack cicada nymphs. These species are mainly clustered in the Ophiocordycepssobolifera clade in Ophiocordyceps . A new entomopathogenic fungus parasitic on cicada nymphs, and another fungus parasitic on the larva of Coleoptera, are described in this study. The two new species viz. Ophiocordycepshydrangea and Ophiocordycepsbidoupensis were introduced based on morphology and multigene phylogenetic evidence. The phylogenetic framework of Ophiocordyceps was reconstructed using a multigene (nr SSU , nr LSU, tef-1 α, rpb1 , and rpb2 ) dataset. The phylogenetic analyses results showed that O.hydrangea and O.bidoupensis were statistically well-supported in the O.sobolifera clade, forming two separate subclades from other species of Ophiocordyceps . The distinctiveness of these two new species was strongly supported by both molecular phylogeny and morphology., (Weiqiu Zou, Dexiang Tang, Zhihong Xu, Ou Huang, Yuanbing Wang, Ngoc-Lan Tran, Hong Yu.)