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A gastric ulcer arises due to an imbalance between the stomach's aggressive and defensive factors, one of which can be induced by ketorolac. The gastric mucosa serves as a protective layer against gastric damage. Probiotics may enhance mucosal secretion, reinforcing their barrier function. This study evaluated the effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IS-10506 on repairing gastric mucosal injury expressed by Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) induction from ketorolac in rodent model. In the experiment, 48 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned and segregated into four groups: the control group (K1), the group with ketorolac administration (K2), the group given L. plantarum IS-10506 after ketorolac administration (K3), and the group given L. plantarum IS-10506 before and after ketorolac administration (K4). Gastric tissue was examined for cells producing MUC5AC via immunohistochemistry. MUC5AC differences between groups were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Significant differences were observed between each group on Days 5, 7, and 10 of necropsy (p=0.043; p=0.030; p=0.022). The ketorolac group (K2) consistently exhibited the lowest values during all examination days. Group K4 manifested a higher expression of MUC5AC relative to group K3. However, group K3 demonstrated a significantly increased from Day 1 to 10 of necropsy (p=0.030). Administering probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 prior to ketorolac proved beneficial by significantly accelerate (p=0.030) the MUC5AC expression cells and gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) necessitates regular transfusions, resulting in complications such as iron overload, hemolytic anemia, and the emergence of alloantibodies/autoantibodies. This situation poses challenges in obtaining compatible transfusions. Excessive iron and chronic hemolysis impact the elevation of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), initiating an inflammatory process that triggers hepcidin formation and influences antibody development. This study aims to analyze disparities in IL-6 and hepcidin levels and establish the correlation between IL-6 and hepcidin in TDT patients with and without alloimmunization/autoimmunization. Methods: Forty whole blood samples were collected from TDT patients with and without alloimmunization/autoimmunization, centrifuged, and the serum extracted, then stored in a refrigerator at -80°C. IL-6 and hepcidin levels were assessed using the ELISA method. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to evaluate differences in hepcidin and IL-6 levels between the two groups. In contrast, the Spearman Correlation test was utilized to analyze the correlation between hepcidin and IL-6 levels. Results: IL-6 levels in the TDT group with alloimmunization/autoimmunization (3.64 pg/mL) were significantly higher compared to the TDT group without alloimmunization/autoimmunization (1.41 pg/mL; p < 0.05). Hepcidin levels in the TDT group with alloimmunization/autoimmunization (2,950.6 pg/mL) were significantly higher compared to the TDT group without alloimmunization/autoimmunization (1,599.6 pg/mL; p < 0.05). The Spearman correlation test revealed a significant positive correlation between hepcidin and IL-6 levels in TDT patients with alloimmunization/autoimmunization (r = 0.764; p = 0.000). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between hepcidin and IL-6 levels in TDT patients without alloimmunization/autoimmunization (r = 0.559; p = 0.010). Conclusion: IL-6 and hepcidin levels were elevated in TDT patients with alloimmunization/autoimmunization compared to those without. Interleukin-6 and hepcidin exhibited a positive correlation in both transfusion-dependent thalassemia groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: L-asparaginase chemotherapy often causes hepatotoxicity and affects complete remission in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aims to investigate the risk factors that affect the incidence of hepatotoxicity caused by L-asparaginase chemotherapy in ALL children. Methods: An observational study with prospective sampling was conducted at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. The inclusion criteria included ALL children aged 1-18 years, undergoing ALL Induction phase chemotherapy based on the 2018 Indonesian Children's ALL protocol as evidenced by bone marrow aspiration, receiving L-asparaginase chemotherapy, and obtaining written consent from parents or guardians. Each child had 3 ml of blood drawn from a peripheral vein to assess their complete blood count, alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, and albumin level. Results: Thirty-two children with ALL were collected. Two of them were excluded due to allergic reaction and enable to continue the L-asparaginase chemotherapy. Thirty of them were eligible participants. Approximately 53.3% of ALL children aged ≤ seven years. Fourteen (47%) children with ALL were included in the standard-risk group and 16 (53%) of them included high-risk group. There were significant differences in ALT levels between the four stages of observation (p=<0.001). Twenty-two ALL children had hepatotoxicity (73.3%), while 8 had non-hepatotoxicity (26.7%). Two risk factors had a significant influence on the occurrence of hepatotoxicity due to L-asparaginase chemotherapy including age and hypoalbuminemia (p=0.045, p=0.028). Conclusion: Age and hypoalbuminemia were the risk factors that might affect the incidents of hepatotoxicity. Clinical monitoring before and after treatment needs to be done to prevent poor outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]